Light Environment of Arctic Solstices is Coupled With Melatonin Phase-Amplitude Changes and Decline of Metabolic Health.

Light environment in the Arctic differs widely with the seasons. Studies of relationships between objectively measured circadian phase and amplitude of light exposure and melatonin in community-dwelling Arctic residents are lacking. This investigation combines cross-sectional (n = 24-62) and longitudinal (n = 13-27) data from week-long actigraphy (with light sensor), 24-h salivary melatonin profiles, and proxies of metabolic health.

Ethylenediamine-modified alginate - A hemocompatible platform for polymer-drug conjugates.

The study is dedicated to the synthesis, rheological properties, hemocompatibility, and further modification of water-soluble derivatives of sodium alginate containing fragments of ethylenediamine (Alg-EDA). Alg-EDA with an equal ratio of amide/amine groups and varying degrees of substitution were synthesized by the carbodiimide method. The influence of the molecular weight of Alg-EDA on the attachment of bioactive molecules such as hydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids was determined.

[Using of the film therapy in psychocorrective work with the elderly.].

The article discusses the possibilities of using film therapy in working with elderly and senile people. The methodology of film therapy in individual and group form, categories of films that can be viewed with clients are discussed, examples with annotations of 21 films are given. The paper presents the results of the use of film therapy in the course of individual and group work with the elderly.

The triglyceride-glucose index as an indicator of latent atherogenicity of the plasma lipid profile in healthy men with normolipidaemia.

Objectives: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel diagnostic marker for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the association of the TyG index with plasma atherogenicity, especially with its latent forms. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the use of the TyG index as a marker of atherogenic risk.

Mechanisms of action of fungal polysaccharides and their therapeutic effect.

Background: The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between the therapeutic bioactivity of basidial fungal polysaccharides (BFPs) BFPs and their structural characteristics and conformational features, as well as to characterize the mechanisms of action of BFPs in diseases of various origins.

Methods: The review was conducted using the PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science and the Russian Science Citation Index databases. 8645 records were identified, of which 5250 were studies (86 were randomized controlled trials).

Alternative oxidase affects ascorbate metabolism in plants under high-light conditions: possible links between respiratory electron transport pathways in mitochondria.

Some aspects of the relationship between ascorbate (Asc) metabolism and the functioning of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) under moderately high light (MHL, 400 μmol m s) using mutant lines were studied. After 8 h of MHL in the antisense line (AS-12), decreasing the relative reduced Asc pool due to increased ascorbate peroxidase activity was accompanied by the accumulation of a pool of the other highly effective antioxidant - glutathione. In the vitamin C-deficient line (), expression and the Asc pool were expectedly low, and after 8 h of MHL, dehydroascorbate (DHA) content was increased, although slight activation of AOX and L-galacton-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase was detected.

The Influence of Polysaccharide Fractions of the Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) on the Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Neutrophils Exposed to Stress of Different Durations.

Polysaccharide fractions from the mycelium of the lion's mane medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus BP 16, cultivated on sterile grain substrates (barley, oats, wheat, rice, rye), were isolated and characterized. One percent solutions were prepared from the resulting fractions, mixed with blood, which was then subjected to cold stress at a temperature of 6°C for 3, 5 and 7 d. It has been shown that the fraction of H.

Content of Primary and Secondary Carotenoids in the Cells of Cryotolerant Microalgae .

Snow (cryotolerant) algae often form red (pink) spots in mountain ecosystems on snowfields around the world, but little is known about their physiology and chemical composition. Content and composition of pigments in the cells of the cryotolerant green microalgae have been studied. Analysis of carotenoids content in the green (vegetative) cells grown under laboratory conditions and in the red resting cells collected from the snow surface in the Subpolar Urals was carried out.

[Bioimpedance analysis of body composition and rest energy expenditure in highly trained cross-country skiers].

The body composition monitoring using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is important in assessing the functional state of athletes in sports. Based on changes of body composition, it is possible to optimize the actual dietary intake, as well as successfully organize the training process. of this research was to conduct a comparative assessment of BIA parameters and rest energy expenditure (REE) in highly trained cross-country skiers and young non-athletes.

Changes in the structural and functional state of the thyroid gland of small mammals when exposed to low-intensity chronic radiation.

The study gives a morphofunctional assessment of the state of the thyroid gland of tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) in conditions of an increased radiation background (the Ukhta district of the Komi Republic (Russia) and the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP), as well as in an experiment with chronic external gamma irradiation in the low dose range. The work summarizes the experience of more than 35 years of field and laboratory research.

[The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the development of obesity. Modulation of enzyme activity by high fat diet and dietary fiber].

Interest to the tissue-specific intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has increased in recent years due to eating disorders that have led to widespread obesity and diet-related diseases. Obesity is considered as an inflammation of low intensity, which is accompanied by the manifestation of various metabolic complications and a disturbance of intestinal homeostasis. IAP is one of the participants in the mechanism of the macroorganism protection against inflammatory and infectious processes, carrying out enzymatic detoxification of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (the trigger of the inflammatory process).

Adrenergic effect on women's blood neutrophil oxidative activity the first day after delivery.

Objective: Recent studies have described a significant role for neutrophils in reproductive processes and their participation in the preparation of the cervix for childbirth and the activation of labor, in the postpartum involution of the uterus, and in the occurrence of preeclampsia. This study aimed to assess the formation of free radicals by neutrophils in the blood of women on the first day after childbirth and to characterize the adrenergic effect on this process.

Methods: Venous blood samples from 100 female volunteers aged 26-32 years who had 2 or 3 full-term deliveries were collected and analyzed.

Chitin nanocrystals/alginate complex for tuning stability, rheology and bioavailability of cholecalciferol in Pickering emulsions.

In this paper we investigate polyelectrolyte complexes of sodium alginate (Alg) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNC). Formation, stability and transport properties of sunflower oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by ChNC-Alg complex were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser Doppler electrophoresis, optical microscopy, potentiometric titration, rheology and simulated digestion. It has been established that during emulsions formation, the ChNC-Alg complex is rearranged at the interface and the formation of a two-layer coating of the droplet occurs.

Body Surface Potential Mapping during Ventricular Depolarization in Athletes with Prolonged PQ Interval after Exercise.

Background: Prolongation of the PQ interval, generally associated with an atrioventricular conduction delay, may be related to changes in intraventricular impulse spreading.

Objective: To assess, using body surface potential mapping (BSPM), the process of ventricular depolarization in athletes with prolonged PQ intervals at rest and after exercise.

Methods: The study included 7 cross-country skiers with a PQ interval of more than 200 ms (Prolonged-PQ group) and 7 with a PQ interval of less than 200 ms (Normal-PQ group).

Genetic Variability of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Evidence of Dual Infection, Recombination and Quasi-Species.

We have characterized the intrahost genetic variation in the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) by examining 16 BLV isolates originating from the Western Siberia-Tyumen and South Ural-Chelyabinsk regions of Russia. Our research focused on determining the genetic composition of an 804 bp fragment of the BLV gene, encoding for the entire gp51 protein. The results provide the first indication of the quasi-species genetic nature of BLV infection and its relevance for genome-level variation.

Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 1.

Using 7 % KOH, the polysaccharide PA has been isolated from the coniferous greens of Norway spruce. PA was found to contain predominantly arabinoglucuronoxylan, xyloglucan and arabinan, but also pectic polysaccharides, glucomannan and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), as determined by 1D/2D NMR analysis. It was found that fractionation of PA on DEAE-cellulose resulted in simultaneous elution of pectins, arabinoglucuronoxylans and AGPs.

Photosensitizing effects and physicochemical properties of chlorophyll a derivatives with hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol fragments at the macrocycle periphery.

In this work, screening studies of the cytotoxic effect of chlorins with fragments of di-, tri-, and pentaethylene glycol at the macrocycle periphery in relation to HeLa, A549, and HT29 cells were performed. It is shown that, despite different hydrophobicity, all the compounds studied have a comparable photodynamic effect. The conjugate of chlorin e with pentaethylene glycol, which has the lowest tendency to association among the studied compounds with tropism for low density lipoproteins and the best characteristics of the formation of molecular complexes with Tween 80, has a significant difference in dark and photoinduced toxicity (ratio IC/IC approximately 2 orders of magnitude for all cell lines), which allows to hope for a sufficiently large "therapeutic window".

Polyphenols as Potential Geroprotectors.

Currently, a large amount of evidence of beneficial effects of diets enriched with polyphenols on various aspects of health has been accumulated. These phytochemicals have a geroprotective potential slowing down the pathological processes associated with aging and ensuring longevity. In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to determine the adherence of individual polyphenols to geroprotector criteria.

[Contemporary approaches to the assessment of energy intake and energy expenditure in athletes].

Assessment and interpreting of the energy expenditure (EE) in highly skilled athletes are important components of an effective training and performance prediction. Each component of EE (resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and physical activity energy expenditure) is closely related to dietary patterns, the intensity and duration of physical activity, as well as a number of other factors that affect the functional state of athletes. Despite the importance of EE in the training process, coaches and athletes often do not take EE into account, which reduces the objectivity of assessing athletes' functional state.

Cryoprotective Effect of Pectin Tanacetan from L.

We researched the ability of tanacetan pectin from inflorescences of common tansy L. to change the osmolarity and freezing point of water in solutions of cryoprotectants: glycerol-3.5%, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-10%, dimethylacetamide-10% (DMAC), and 1.

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised.

Berberis vulgaris L. extract supplementation exerts regulatory effects on the lifespan and healthspan of Drosophila through its antioxidant activity depending on the sex.

Worldwide the aging population continues to increase, so the concept of healthy longevity medicine has become increasingly significant in modern society. Berberis vulgaris L. fruits serve as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health-promoting benefits.

Antioxidant Properties and Geroprotective Potential of Wheat Bran Extracts with Increased Content of Anthocyanins.

In recent years, there has been a focus on breeding wheat with high anthocyanin levels in order to improve food quality and human health. The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant and geroprotective properties of wheat bran extracts using both in vitro and in vivo research methods. Two wheat lines were used: one with uncolored pericarp (anthocyanin-free) and another with colored pericarp (anthocyanin-containing).

Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 2.

Polymers containing arabinoglucuronoxylan, fucogalactoxyglucan, pectin and arabinogalactan proteins were obtained from PA isolated from Norway spruce with 7 % KOH. The pectin core of PA-I-F-1 and PA-I-F-2 was dominated by RG-I, as treatment with 1,4-α-D-polygalacturonase resulted in almost complete removal of homogalacturonan. Interestingly, the above has not affected the co-fractionation of arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX), arabinogalactan proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I).