AAA+ Molecular Chaperone ClpB in : Its Role and Significance in Leptospiral Virulence and Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis.

Bacterial ClpB is an ATP-dependent disaggregase that belongs to the Hsp100/Clp subfamily of the AAA+ ATPases and cooperates with the DnaK chaperone system in the reactivation of aggregated proteins, as well as promotes bacterial survival under adverse environmental conditions, including thermal and oxidative stresses. In addition, extensive evidence indicates that ClpB supports the virulence of numerous bacteria, including pathogenic spirochaete responsible for leptospirosis in animals and humans. However, the specific function of ClpB in leptospiral virulence still remains to be fully elucidated.

Microbiological assessment of sheep lymph nodes with lymphadenitis found during post-mortem examination of slaughtered sheep: implications for veterinary-sanitary meat control.

Background: Microbiological examination of lesions found in slaughtered animals during meat inspection is an important part of public health protection as such lesions may be due to zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by meat. Examination of inflamed lymph nodes also plays a particular important role, as lymphadenitis may reflect a more widespread infection. Such lesions in sheep are mainly caused by pyogenic bacteria but also mycobacteria are occasionally found.

Structural and functional analysis of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7) gene in response to infection with coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci.

Splice variants of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7) gene have been identified, and differences in the expression of this gene have been demonstrated at the mRNA level in the mammary glands of healthy and mastitis-infected dairy cows. At the same time, significant associations have been found between a deletion in the SLAM7 gene exon, the occurrence of different splice variants, and the occurrence of mastitis in one group of dairy cows. An expression study was conducted on 40 Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows of the Black and White variety (group I).

Mouse testicular transcriptome after modulation of non-canonical oestrogen receptor activity.

The aims of this study were to shed light on the role of G-protein-coupled membrane oestrogen receptor (GPER) and oestrogen-related receptor (ERR) in mouse testis function at the gene expression level, as well as the involvement of GPER and ERR in cellular and molecular processes. Male mice were injected (50µg kg-1,s.c.

Flutamide Alters the Expression of Chemerin, Apelin, and Vaspin and Their Respective Receptors in the Testes of Adult Rats.

Adipokines influence energy metabolism and have effects on male reproduction, including spermatogenesis and/or Sertoli cell maturation; however, the relationship between these active proteins and androgens in testicular cells is limited. Here, we studied the impact of short-term exposure to flutamide (an anti-androgen that blocks androgen receptors) on the expression of chemerin, apelin, vaspin and their receptors (CCRL2, CMKLR1, GPR1, APLNR, GRP78, respectively) in adult rat testes. Moreover, the levels of expression of lipid metabolism-modulating proteins (PLIN1, perilipin1; TSPO, translocator protein) and intercellular adherens junction proteins (nectin-2 and afadin) were determined in testicular cells.

Effect of α-1-adrenolytic agent and 5-α-reductase inhibitor on renal function in an experimental model of hyperprolactinemia-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Unlabelled: The standard pharmacotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may also alleviate potential kidney dysfunction resulting from the development of obstructive uropathy in the course of BPH.

Aim: The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with α-1- adrenolytic agent (tamsulosin) and 5-α-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) on renal function in rats.

Materials And Methods: Four groups of rats were studied: 1 - controls, 2 - rats with metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia BPH model, 3 - rats with BPH treated with tamsulosin, 4 - rats with BPH treated with finasteride.

Levels of the neuropeptide phoenixin-14 and its receptor GRP173 in the hypothalamus, ovary and periovarian adipose tissue in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Phoenixin (PNX) is a newly discovered peptide produced by proteolytic cleavage of a small integral membrane protein 20 (Smim20), which acts as an important regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Since dysfunction of reproduction is characteristic in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the role of PNX in pathogenesis of PCOS needs further investigation. The objective of this study was to determine expression of Smim20, PNX-14 and its receptor GRP173 in the hypothalamus, ovary and periovarian adipose tissue (PAT) of letrozole induced PCOS rats.

Identification of Molecular Mechanisms Related to Pig Fatness at the Transcriptome and miRNAome Levels.

Fat deposition and growth rate are closely related to pork quality and fattening efficiency. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach for transcriptome and miRNAome massive parallel sequencing of adipocyte tissue was applied to search for a molecular network related to fat deposition in pigs. Pigs were represented by three breeds (Large White, Pietrain, and Hampshire) that varied in fat content within each breed.

Efficacy of intra-arterial lidocaine infusion in the treatment of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.

Background: Disturbances in pancreatic microcirculation, beginning with vasoconstriction, are crucial in early pancreatitis and progression to necrotizing pancreatitis. Thus, vascular-targeted treatment aiming to restore a sufficient level of microcirculation through vasodilation would possibly reduce the severity of pancreatitis. Lidocaine is an anti-arrhythmic and local anesthetic drug, which also acts as a vasodilator at higher concentrations.

Interstitial Leydig Cell Tumorigenesis-Leptin and Adiponectin Signaling in Relation to Aromatase Expression in the Human Testis.

Although epidemiological studies from the last years report an increase in the incidences of Leydig cell tumors (previously thought to be a rare disease), the biochemical characteristics of that tumor important for understanding its etiology, diagnosis, and therapy still remains not completely characterized. Our prior studies reported G-protein coupled estrogen receptor signaling and estrogen level disturbances in Leydig cell tumors. In addition, we found that expressions of multi-level-acting lipid balance- and steroidogenesis-controlling proteins including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor are altered in this tumor.

Mobility and Invasion Related Gene Expression Patterns in Equine Sarcoid.

Sarcoids are the most common skin neoplasm in the Equidae family. Sarcoids are benign, but may cause severe damage in affected animals. Due to the high risk of post-treatment recurrence and the lack of an effective method of treatment, it is reasonable to perform studies on the molecular aspects of this neoplasm.

Differential expression of cell-cell junction proteins in the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens of domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) with white and yellow semen.

Tight, adherens, and gap junctions are involved in the regulation of reproductive tissue function in male mammals. In birds, including domestic turkeys, intercellular interactions performed by junctional networks have not yet been studied. Furthermore, the cellular and molecular basis of yellow semen syndrome (YSS) in the turkey population remains poorly understood.

A detailed characteristics of bias associated with long runs of homozygosity identification based on medium density SNP microarrays.

In the present study, runs of homozygosity (ROH) detected with the use of a standard bovine 54k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay and two different ROH detection approaches, based on 50 (M1) or 15 (M2) consecutive SNPs, were compared with results of whole genome sequencing. Both microarray-based methods accurately recognised medium-sized ROH, however, it was found that M2 method seemed to better than M1 identify short ROH, but highly overestimated their number, leading to numerous false positive calls. Moreover, long ROH identified with microarray data tended to break into shorter segments in sequencing data because of the presence of regions with high heterozygosity within the ROH sequences.

L-OPU in Goat and Sheep-Different Variants of the Oocyte Recovery Method.

The laparoscopic method of recovering oocytes in goats and sheep is one of the minimally invasive methods used in the biotechnology of animal reproduction. It allows for good quality oocytes that are suitable for in vitro maturation and fertilization to be recovered. The limitation of using the laparoscopic ovum pick-up (L-OPU) method in goat and sheep is its changing effectiveness and the lack of repeatability of results, as well as the varying effectiveness of different variants of the method.

Towards understanding leydigioma: do G protein-coupled estrogen receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulate lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis in Leydig cell tumors?

Leydig cell tumors (LCT) are the most common type of testicular stromal tumor. Herein, we investigate the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) implication in regulation of lipid homeostasis including the expression of steroidogenesis-controlling molecules in clinical specimens of LCTs and tumor Leydig cells (MA-10). We showed the general structure and morphology of LCTs by scanning electron and light microscopy.

The meaning of non-classical estrogen receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor for boar Leydig cell of immature testis.

Communication in biological systems involves diverse-types of cell-cell interaction including cross-talk between receptors expressed by the target cells. Recently, novel sort of estrogen receptors (G protein - coupled estrogen receptor; GPER and estrogen-related receptor; ERR) that signal directly via estrogen binding and/or via mutual interaction-regulated estrogen signaling were reported in various organs including testis. Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor (PPAR) is responsible for maintaining of lipid homeostasis that is critical for sex steroid production in the testis.

Enterolithiasis in horses: analysis of 15 cases treated surgically in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The equine colic, which is caused by the presence of enteroliths that are most often found in the small or large colon, is typical for certain geographical regions (dry and hot climate). A diet rich in alfalfa is one of the highest risk factors. The earliest symptoms include weight loss and repeated episodes of colic pain.

Evaluation of selected protein biomarkers of renal function in rats with an experimental model of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis treated with N-acetylcysteine.

The administration of cyclophosphamide (CP) is associated with the risk of developing cystitis as well as kidney injury. The aim of the study was to verify the uroprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as well as the evaluation of renal function in the experimental model of acute CP-induced cystitis. Rats from group 1 received intraperitoneally only a single dose of 200 mg/kg b.

Apelin and apelin receptor in human placenta: Expression, signalling pathway and regulation of trophoblast JEG‑3 and BeWo cells proliferation and cell cycle.

Placentation requires the production of numerous growth factors, hormones and transcription factors. Many of them, like the adipose tissue‑derived leptin or adiponectin, have been identified in the placenta and their role has been established in the proliferation and subsequent development of the placenta. Apelin is another adipokine known for proliferative effects in different cell types.

Identification of σ-Dependent Promoter Upstream of from the Pathogenic Spirochaete by Applying an Two-Plasmid System.

There is limited information on gene expression in the pathogenic spirochaete and genetic mechanisms controlling its virulence. Transcription is the first step in gene expression that is often determined by environmental effects, including infection-induced stresses. Alterations in the environment result in significant changes in the transcription of many genes, allowing effective adaptation of to mammalian hosts.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Runs of Homozygosity of Eleven Cattle Breeds Representing Different Production Types.

In the presented research, BovineSNP50 microarrays (Illumina) were applied to determine runs of homozygosity in the genomes of 11 cattle breeds maintained in Poland. These cattle breeds represent three basic utility types: milk, meat and dual purpose. Analysis of runs of homozygosity allowed the evaluation of the level of autozygosity within each breed in order to calculate the genomic inbreeding coefficient (F), as well as to identify regions of the genome with a high frequency of ROH occurrence, which may reflect traces of directional selectin left in their genomes.

Leydig cell tumorigenesis - implication of G-protein coupled membrane estrogen receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and xenoestrogen exposure. In vivo and in vitro appraisal.

The etiology and molecular characteristics of Leydig cell tumor (LCT) are scarcely known. From the research data stems that estrogen can be implicated in LCT induction and development, however it is not investigated in detail. Considering the above, herein we analyzed the relation between G-protein coupled membrane estrogen receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and insulin-like family peptides (insulin-like 3 peptide; INSL3 and relaxin; RLN) expressions as well as estrogen level with impact of xenoestrogen (bisphenol A; BPA, tetrabromobisphenol A; TBBPA, and tetrachlorobisphenol A; TCBPA).

Source of Dietary Fat in Pig Diet Affects Adipose Expression of Genes Related to Cancer, Cardiovascular, and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

It has been known for many years that excessive consumption of saturated fats has proatherogenic properties, contrary to unsaturated fats. However, the molecular mechanism covering these effects is not fully understood. In this paper, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA-sequencing, following feeding pigs with different sources of fat.

Transcriptome analysis of boar spermatozoa with different freezability using RNA-Seq.

Semen freezability is associated with genetic markers, and there is a diverse set of sperm transcripts that have been attributed to various cellular functions. RNA-Seq was performed to compare the transcript profiles of spermatozoa from boars with different semen freezability. We examined ejaculates from the Polish large white (PLW) boars that were classified as having good and poor semen freezability (GSF and PSF, respectively; n = 3 boars per group) by assessing post-thaw motility characteristics, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity.

Dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes in serum and assessment of their diagnostic utility during lactation impairment in pigs.

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) in sows is a frequent and important clinical problem in the field. Currently, the diagnosis is based on physical examination performed during first days after the farrowing. The present study aimed at evaluation the dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) changes in serum of sows during peripartum period (day - 28 to + 28) and assessment of their diagnostic utility during lactation impairment in pigs.