Distinctive Features of Kawasaki Disease Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Controlled Study in Paris, France.

Background: An outbreak of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, including Kawasaki disease (KD), emerged during COVID-19 pandemic. We explored whether Kawasaki-like disease (KD), when associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, has specific characteristics.

Methods: We included children and adolescents with KD criteria admitted in the department of general pediatrics of a university hospital in Paris, France, between January 1, 2018, and May 26, 2020.

Systematic examination of preprint platforms for use in the medical and biomedical sciences setting.

Objectives: The objective of this review is to identify all preprint platforms with biomedical and medical scope and to compare and contrast the key characteristics and policies of these platforms.

Study Design And Setting: Preprint platforms that were launched up to 25 June 2019 and have a biomedical and medical scope according to MEDLINE's journal selection criteria were identified using existing lists, web-based searches and the expertise of both academic and non-academic publication scientists. A data extraction form was developed, pilot tested and used to collect data from each preprint platform's webpage(s).

Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a retrospective matched case-control study, Paris, France, April to May 2020.

We assessed the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Kawasaki disease (KD)-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a retrospective case-control study in France. RT-PCR and serological tests revealed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 17/23 cases vs 11/102 controls (matched odds ratio: 26.4; 95% confidence interval: 6.

Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin.

Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011-2013) suggested that 58% of 1-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L.

Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding the Early Approval and Deployment of a COVID-19 Vaccine.

This commentary discusses the early licensing and deployment of a COVID-19 vaccine and how accomplishing this goal could compromise ethical principles that guide clinical research.

Research response to coronavirus disease 2019 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials.

Objectives: Researchers worldwide are actively engaging in research activities to search for preventive and therapeutic interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to describe the planning of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in terms of timing related to the course of the COVID-19 epidemic and research question evaluated.

Study Design And Setting: We performed a living mapping of RCTs registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Comparison of growth models to describe growth from birth to 6 years in a Beninese cohort of children with repeated measurements.

Objective: To select a growth model that best describes individual growth trajectories of children and to present some growth characteristics of this population.

Settings: Participants were selected from a prospective cohort conducted in three health centres (Allada, Sekou and Attogon) in a semirural region of Benin, sub-Saharan Africa.

Participants: Children aged 0 to 6 years were recruited in a cohort study with at least two valid height and weight measurements included (n=961).

Impact of panelists' experience on script concordance test scores of medical students.

Background: The evaluation process of French medical students will evolve in the next few years in order to improve assessment validity. Script concordance testing (SCT) offers the possibility to assess medical knowledge alongside clinical reasoning under conditions of uncertainty. In this study, we aimed at comparing the SCT scores of a large cohort of undergraduate medical students, according to the experience level of the reference panel.

Fold-stratified cross-validation for unbiased and privacy-preserving federated learning.

Objective: We introduce fold-stratified cross-validation, a validation methodology that is compatible with privacy-preserving federated learning and that prevents data leakage caused by duplicates of electronic health records (EHRs).

Materials And Methods: Fold-stratified cross-validation complements cross-validation with an initial stratification of EHRs in folds containing patients with similar characteristics, thus ensuring that duplicates of a record are jointly present either in training or in validation folds. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to investigate the properties of fold-stratified cross-validation in the case of a model data analysis using both synthetic data and MIMIC-III (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III) medical records.

Agricultural crop density in the municipalities of France and incidence of childhood leukemia: An ecological study.

Background: Pesticide exposure is suspected to play a role in the etiology of childhood leukemia (AL). Various sources of exposure have been explored, but few studies have investigated the risk of childhood AL in relation to residential exposure to agricultural pesticides. Since around 50% of France is agricultural land, with marked pesticide use, France is a suitable location to investigate for an association.

EPICANCER-Cancer Patients Presenting to the Emergency Departments in France: A Prospective Nationwide Study.

Background: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cancer patients who presented to Emergency Departments (EDs), report their chief complaint and identify the predictors of 30-day all-cause mortality.

Patients And Methods: we undertook a prospective, cross-sectional study during three consecutive days in 138 EDs and performed a logistic regression to identify the predictors of 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients.

Results: A total of 1380 cancer patients were included.

Agreement was moderate between data-based and opinion-based assessments of biases affecting randomized trials within meta-analyses.

Background And Objective: Randomized trials included in meta-analyses are often affected by bias caused by methodological flaws or limitations, but the degree of bias is unknown. Two proposed methods adjust the trial results for bias using empirical evidence from published meta-epidemiological studies or expert opinion.

Methods: We investigated agreement between data-based and opinion-based approaches to assessing bias in each of four domains: sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, and incomplete outcome data.

Sleep during development: Sex and gender differences.

Sleep occupies a substantial proportion of life. Sleep modifications parallel brain development during childhood. Sex and gender differences have been reported in brain development and many clinical and psychosocial conditions.

The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children. RSV is also a major viral pathogen causing severe lung disease in the adult population, particularly among the elderly. We conducted a review of adult RSV studies published from January 1970 to February 2017 to determine the burden of disease among adults worldwide.

Adherence to the 2017 French dietary guidelines and adult weight gain: A cohort study.

Background: The French dietary guidelines were updated in 2017, and an adherence score to the new guidelines (Programme National Nutrition Santé Guidelines Score 2 [PNNS-GS2]) has been developed and validated recently. Since overweight and obesity are key public health issues and have been related to major chronic conditions, this prospective study aimed to measure the association between PNNS-GS2 and risk of overweight and obesity, and to compare these results with those for the modified Programme National Nutrition Santé Guidelines Score (mPNNS-GS1), reflecting adherence to 2001 guidelines.

Methods And Findings: Participants (N = 54,089) were recruited among French adults (≥18 years old, mean baseline age = 47.

Systematic review finds that appraisal tools for medical research studies address conflicts of interest superficially.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and summarize 1) appraisal tools and other guides which address conflicts of interest in medical research studies; and 2) top journals with policies on managing conflicts of interest in journal papers.

Study Design And Setting: We searched bibliographic databases, other sources, and websites of 30 top medical journals. Two authors selected documents and extracted data.

Exposure to Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Cohort Study in the French Cohort D.E.S.I.R.

Background: The question of whether exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes is still unresolved. Most epidemiological evidence on the association between BPA and diabetes is from cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies with single urinary measurements. No prospective study has examined exposure to BPA analogs such as bisphenol S (BPS) in relation to incident type 2 diabetes.

Asthma and allergic rhinitis risk depends on house dust mite specific IgE levels in PARIS birth cohort children.

Background: The natural history of allergic sensitization in childhood, and its impact on allergic disease development, needs to be clarified. This study aims to identify allergic sensitization and morbidity patterns during the first 8 years of life.

Methods: The study was conducted in the on-going population-based prospective Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) birth cohort.

Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, and Breastfeeding: How French People Perceive Factors Associated with Cancer Risk.

The French Cancer Barometer, a population-based-survey, is carried out every five years and is, to date, one of the few national studies conducted to investigate individual perception linked to cancer risk factors. The aims of the present study were to describe the perceptions of the French population in 2015 and to assess their evolution over a 5-year period (2010-2015). The French Cancer Barometer surveyed a randomly selected sample of participants aged 15-75 years ( = 3345 in 2010) and 15-85 years ( = 3764 in 2015), representative of the French population.

Adaptation and validation of a Spanish version of the treatment burden questionnaire in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) is a self-reported measure of the effect of treatment workload on patient wellbeing. We sought to validate the TBQ in Spanish and use it to estimate the burden of treatment in Argentinian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: The TBQ was forward-backward translated into Spanish.