Personalization of renal replacement therapy initiation: a secondary analysis of the AKIKI and IDEAL-ICU trials.

Background: Trials comparing early and delayed strategies of renal replacement therapy in patients with severe acute kidney injury may have missed differences in survival as a result of mixing together patients at heterogeneous levels of risks. Our aim was to evaluate the heterogeneity of treatment effect on 60-day mortality from an early vs a delayed strategy across levels of risk for renal replacement therapy initiation under a delayed strategy.

Methods: We used data from the AKIKI, and IDEAL-ICU randomized controlled trials to develop a multivariable logistic regression model for renal replacement therapy initiation within 48 h after allocation to a delayed strategy.

Low Maternal DLK1 Levels at 26 Weeks Is Associated With Small for Gestational Age at Birth.

Detecting SGA (small for gestational age) during pregnancy improves the fetal and neonatal prognosis. To date, there is no valid antenatal biomarker of SGA used in clinical practice. Maternal circulating DLK1 (delta-like non-canonical notch ligand 1) levels have been shown to be significantly lower in pregnant women at 36 weeks of gestation (WG) who delivered a SGA newborn than in controls.

Assessment of transparency and selective reporting of interventional trials studying colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. Our aim was to evaluate transparency and selective reporting in interventional trials studying CRC.

Methods: First, we assessed indicators of transparency with completeness of reporting, according to the CONSORT statement, and data sharing.

B-Cell NHL Subtype Risk Associated with Autoimmune Conditions and PRS.

Background: A previous International Lymphoma Epidemiology (InterLymph) Consortium evaluation of joint associations between five immune gene variants and autoimmune conditions reported interactions between B-cell response-mediated autoimmune conditions and the rs1800629 genotype on risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Here, we extend that evaluation using NHL subtype-specific polygenic risk scores (PRS) constructed from loci identified in genome-wide association studies of three common B-cell NHL subtypes.

Methods: In a pooled analysis of NHL cases and controls of Caucasian descent from 14 participating InterLymph studies, we evaluated joint associations between B-cell-mediated autoimmune conditions and tertile (T) of PRS for risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 1,914), follicular lymphoma (n = 1,733), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL; n = 407), using unconditional logistic regression.

Maturation of Arousals during Day and Night in Preterm Infants.

The objective of this study was to compare the maturation of spontaneous arousals during day and night sleep in preterm and term infants. From the Autonomic Baby Evaluation study, the sleep and arousal characteristics of 12 preterm (35.1 ± 2.

Cerebral aspergillosis in the era of new antifungals: The CEREALS national cohort study Nationwide CEREbral Aspergillosis Lesional study (CEREALS).

Background: Cerebral aspergillosis (CA) is a life-threatening disease for which diagnosis and management remain challenging. Detailed analyses from large cohorts are lacking.

Methods: We included 119 cases of proven (n = 54) or probable (n = 65) CA diagnosed between 2006 and 2018 at 20 French hospitals.

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) for the detection of bone, lung, and lymph node metastases in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma and can emerge throughout the whole body. For patients with newly diagnosed RMS, prognosis for survival depends on multiple factors such as histology, tumour site, and extent of the disease. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis have impaired prognosis compared to those with localised disease.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medication adherence: In the case of antiseizure medications, A scoping review.

Unlabelled: Since early 2020, an unprecedented public global health emergency caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) resulted in national governments' imposing confinement measures. Lockdowns and isolation during pandemics complicate disease management and medication adherence. Chronic conditions, such as epilepsy, require linear adherence patterns to prevent breakthrough seizures and to reduce the risk of sudden unexpected death.

Morocco as a possible source for acquisition of Rhinocladiella mackenziei.

Rhinocladiella mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare severe disease that has been typically described in the Middle East. Here, we report 2 cases of R. mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in patients from Morocco, diagnosed and treated in France, and raise a concern about the ever-going extension of the area at risk for this devastating invasive fungal infection.

Repeated maternal ICU admission: Results from a nationwide analysis.

Objective: To determine the rate and profile of repeated maternal ICU admissions during or after pregnancy and to compare the characteristics of these women's first and second ICU admissions.

Methods: A descriptive analysis from the French national hospital discharge database that included all women admitted to an ICU during pregnancy or within 42 days after delivery, between 2010 and 2014.

Results: During the 5-year study period, there were 371 women with more than one maternal ICU admission, representing 2.

Diagnostic accuracy of rapid nucleic acid tests for group A streptococcal pharyngitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common conditions in outpatient settings and an important source of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) offer diagnosis of group A streptococcus at the point of care but have limited sensitivity. Rapid nucleic acid tests (RNATs) are now available; a systematic review of their accuracy is lacking.

Day-to-day discovery of preprint-publication links.

Preprints promote the open and fast communication of non-peer reviewed work. Once a preprint is published in a peer-reviewed venue, the preprint server updates its web page: a prominent hyperlink leading to the newly published work is added. Linking preprints to publications is of utmost importance as it provides readers with the latest version of a now certified work.

Cancer Patients' Prehospital Emergency Care: Post Hoc Analysis from the French Prospective Multicenter Study EPICANCER.

Background: Very little data are available concerning the prehospital emergency care of cancer patients. The objective of this study is to report the trajectories and outcomes of cancer patients attended by prehospital emergency services.

Methods: This was an ancillary study from a three-day cross-sectional prospective multicenter study in France.

Interleukin-6 blocking agents for treating COVID-19: a living systematic review.

Background: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) blocking agents have been used for treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Their immunosuppressive effect might be valuable in patients with COVID-19 characterised by substantial immune system dysfunction by controlling inflammation and promoting disease tolerance.

Objectives: To assess the effect of IL-6 blocking agents compared to standard care alone or with placebo on efficacy and safety outcomes in COVID-19.

Thoracic imaging tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Background: The respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to present diagnostic challenges. Our 2020 edition of this review showed thoracic (chest) imaging to be sensitive and moderately specific in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this update, we include new relevant studies, and have removed studies with case-control designs, and those not intended to be diagnostic test accuracy studies.

COVID-19-Related Fatalities and Intensive-Care-Unit Admissions by Age Groups in Europe: A Meta-Analysis.

Precise international estimates of the age breakdown of COVID-19-related deaths and intensive-care-unit (ICU) admissions are lacking. We evaluated the distribution of COVID-19-related fatalities and ICU admissions by age groups in Europe. On April 6, 2020, we systematically reviewed official COVID-19-related data from 32 European countries.

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a case-cohort study.

Aims: To explore exposure to 22 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based, prospective cohort.

Methods: This case-cohort study on 753 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline, was followed-up over nine years, as part of the French D.E.

Impact of air pollution on renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a serious and a frequent disease associated with a high risk of morbi-mortality. Although several risk factors have already been well addressed, mostly diabetes and hypertension, many remain underappreciated, such as chronic exposure to air pollution.

Methods And Analysis: We will search EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and CINAHL database, from inception to 31 March 2020, for relevant records using a combination of keywords related to the type of exposure (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM, PM and PM) and to the type of outcome (chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal/kidney disease, kidney failure, proteinuria/albuminuria, renal function, renal transplant, kidney graft, kidney transplant failure, nephrotic syndrome and kidney cancer).