Longitudinal joint trajectories of gambling disorder and hypomentalization: A latent class growth analysis among young adults.

Introduction: Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between risk for gambling disorder (GD) and mentalization difficulties. However, these results on positive correlations were all from cross-sectional studies; therefore, it would be important to investigate the longitudinal relationship between the constructs.

Aims: It was aimed to identify subgroups of gamblers with different joint growth trajectories of risk for GD and hypomentalization (i.

Athletes with Eating Disorders: Analysis of Their Clinical Characteristics, Psychopathology and Response to Treatment.

Eating disorders (ED) have frequently been described among athletes. However, their specific features and therapy responses are lacking in the literature. The aims of this article were to compare clinical, psychopathological and personality traits between ED patients who were professional athletes (ED-A) with those who were not (ED-NA) and to explore differences in response to treatment.

Mediators between sexual abuse and eating disorder severity: A comparative case-control study in treatment-naïve patients.

Objective: Sexual abuse is associated with eating disorders (EDs) severity. However, the psychological mediators of this association have received scant attention in the literature.

Method: The present study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of psychological maladjustment, alexithymia, and self-esteem in the relationship between sexual abuse and EDs severity in a sample of 134 treatment-naïve patients with an EDs and 129 paired healthy controls.

The Nursing-Home Care Quality Perceived Levels from Patients and Caregivers: An Explanatory Study.

Background: The nursing essential mission was to satisfy patients' and caregivers' essential health-relating demand, thanks to communicational, interventional, assistance and helping skills through an appropriate approach which best satisfied both patients and their caregivers. To assess any differences in nursing-home care quality perceived levels both by patients and caregivers.

Methods: A cohort observational study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 using an online anonymous questionnaire for both patients and caregivers who received nursing-home care service.

Introduction of the generic sense of ability to adapt scale and validation in a sample of outpatient adults with mental health problems.

Introduction: The ability to adapt is a core aspect of daily human life. Recent models and theories emphasize its essential role for health and well-being. It concerns the perceived ability to readjust and actively deal with the psychosocial consequences of challenging events.

Prevention of First-Episode Psychosis in People at Clinical High Risk: A Randomized Controlled, Multicentre Trial Comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Clinical Management Plus Low-Dose Aripiprazole or Placebo (PREVENT).

Background: There is limited knowledge of whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) should be recommended as the first-line treatment in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRp).

Hypothesis: To examine whether individual treatment arms are superior to placebo and whether CBT is non-inferior to SGAs in preventing psychosis over 12 months of treatment.

Study Design: PREVENT was a blinded, 3-armed, randomized controlled trial comparing CBT to clinical management plus aripiprazole (CM + ARI) or plus placebo (CM + PLC) at 11 CHRp services.

Association between long-term use of prolactin-elevating antipsychotics in women and the risk of breast cancer: What are the clinical implications?

Background: Some antipsychotic drugs elevate prolactin, and hyperprolactinaemia is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Women with schizophrenia have an increased incidence of breast cancer, but also multiple risk factors for the condition.

Method: This paper will critically review recent epidemiological studies concerning antipsychotics and breast cancer from a psychiatric perspective.

Differences in central symptoms of anxiety and depression between college students with different academic performance: A network analysis.

Objective: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms for Chinese college students are high. Academic pressure is one of the prominent risk factors of psychological well-beings for Chinese college students. The application of network analysis provides researchers a more comprehensive understanding of symptom-symptom interaction in mental disorders.

Diminished reinforcement sensitivity in adolescence is associated with enhanced response switching and reduced coding of choice probability in the medial frontal pole.

Precisely charting the maturation of core neurocognitive functions such as reinforcement learning (RL) and flexible adaptation to changing action-outcome contingencies is key for developmental neuroscience and adjacent fields like developmental psychiatry. However, research in this area is both sparse and conflicted, especially regarding potentially asymmetric development of learning for different motives (obtain wins vs avoid losses) and learning from valenced feedback (positive vs negative). In the current study, we investigated the development of RL from adolescence to adulthood, using a probabilistic reversal learning task modified to experimentally separate motivational context and feedback valence, in a sample of 95 healthy participants between 12 and 45.

Anxiety, Depression, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity in Nomophobic Italian Nurses: A Chronic Latent Inflammation?

Aim: To investigate which risk factors are strictly connected to nomophobia in Italian nurses, according to socio-demographic characteristics, Body Mass Index scores, physical activity habits, anxiety, and depression.

Methods: An "ad hoc" online questionnaire has been created and then administered to Italian nurses. Data include sex, age, years of work experience, shift work per day, nursing educational level, Body Mass Index, physical activity, anxiety, depression, and nomophobia conditions.

Changes in mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic for local and international university students in Australia: a cohort study.

Purpose: Previous research has indicated that university students experienced substantial mental health issues during the global COVID-19 pandemic, but few studies have considered changes relative to pre-pandemic levels across population groups. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare changes in mental health and associated stressors across the pandemic for international and local university students studying in Australia.

Methods: In a cohort of 4407 university students, we assessed depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2), social support (Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey), inability to afford food, fear of partner, and experiences of discrimination, both pre-pandemic (April-May 2019) and during the pandemic (September-October 2020).

The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire-Revised- 7 (RFQ-R-7): A new measurement model assessing hypomentalization.

Although it is a widely used questionnaire, limitations regarding the scoring procedure and the structural validity of the eight-item Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) were raised. The present study aimed to examine further the latent dimensionality of the RFQ-8 and to examine linear and non-linear associations between mentalization difficulties and maladaptive psychological characteristics. Data from two separate representative samples of young adults (N = 3890; females: 51.

Cortical Grey Matter Mediates Increases in Model-Based Control and Learning from Positive Feedback from Adolescence to Adulthood.

Cognition and brain structure undergo significant maturation from adolescence into adulthood. Model-based (MB) control is known to increase across development, which is mediated by cognitive abilities. Here, we asked two questions unaddressed in previous developmental studies.

The Role of Personality Risk and Protective Factors in Living with Covid-19: A Longitudinal Study.

Earlier research has shown the significant role of personality in serving as risk or protective factors in psychological wellbeing. However, it is less clear the extent to which personality plays in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of a personality risk factors such as self-criticism, and personality strengths such as efficacy and intrinsic motivation representing resilience in predicting psychological outcomes in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Sexual and gender diversity in cancer care and survivorship.

Purpose Of The Review: Sexual and gender diverse (SGD) cancer patients possess unique identities and needs that must be considered during their cancer care. This narrative review explores the current literature on sexual and gender diversity in cancer care and survivorship, in addition to providing recommendations encouraged by the current literature.

Recent Findings: We performed a literature search for articles published in English between January 2021 and June 2022 in Medline ALL and Embase.

Dealing with opposites as a mechanism of change in art therapy in personality disorders: A mixed methods study.

Introduction: Personality disorders can be characterized by emotion regulation problems, difficulties in self-regulation and by dichotomous, black-and-white thinking. Dealing with opposites as a mechanism of change used by art therapists might be beneficial for people diagnosed with a personality disorder. This study examined the overall question if and dealing with opposites in art therapy is a mechanism of change in achieving personal therapeutic goals.

Measuring self-regulation in everyday life: Reliability and validity of smartphone-based experiments in alcohol use disorder.

Self-regulation, the ability to guide behavior according to one's goals, plays an integral role in understanding loss of control over unwanted behaviors, for example in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Yet, experimental tasks that measure processes underlying self-regulation are not easy to deploy in contexts where such behaviors usually occur, namely outside the laboratory, and in clinical populations such as people with AUD. Moreover, lab-based tasks have been criticized for poor test-retest reliability and lack of construct validity.

Non-REM sleep in major depressive disorder.

Disturbed sleep is a key symptom in major depressive disorder (MDD). REM sleep alterations are well described in the current literature, but little is known about non-REM sleep alterations. Additionally, sleep disturbances relate to a variety of cognitive symptoms in MDD, but which features of non-REM sleep EEG contribute to this, remains unknown.

Revealing human sensitivity to a latent temporal structure of changes.

Precisely timed behavior and accurate time perception plays a critical role in our everyday lives, as our wellbeing and even survival can depend on well-timed decisions. Although the temporal structure of the world around us is essential for human decision making, we know surprisingly little about how representation of temporal structure of our everyday environment impacts decision making. How does the representation of temporal structure affect our ability to generate well-timed decisions? Here we address this question by using a well-established dynamic probabilistic learning task.

Effects of psychosocial stress and performance feedback on pain processing and its correlation with subjective and neuroendocrine parameters.

Objectives: Previous research on stress-induced pain modulation suggests that moderate psychological stress usually leads to hyperalgesia while more severe threat results in hypoalgesia. However, existing studies often lack suitable control conditions imperative to identify mere stress effects. Similarly, research mainly focused on pure of a social threat, not taking into consideration experiences of social evaluation.

Correlations between Insomnia and Sex, Work Experience, Shift and Body Max Index in Italian Nurses: A Scoping Profile Statement.

Aim: The present study aimed to assess any association existing between insomnia according to sex, work experience, shift and BMI values in Italian nurses.

Methods: An "ad hoc" questionnaire was created and administered online in October 2020. Data collected included: sex, years of work experience, shift work per day, BMI values, and insomnia levels.

Effects of Arts and Psychomotor Therapies in Personality Disorders. Developing a Treatment Guideline Based on a Systematic Review Using GRADE.

What is the effect of arts and psychomotor therapies, using art, dance, drama, music, movement and body awareness, in personality disorder treatment? This was explored by developing a treatment guideline based on a systematic review using the GRADE system within the context of the Dutch national multidisciplinary guidelines for treatment of personality disorders. Conclusions were formulated by a work group and based on the scientific substantiation and were integrated with other indications in the functioning of arts and psychomotor therapies in personality disorders. The first general search yielded 1,900 records which was brought back to 53 full-texts.

Sex-Related Differences Linked to Depression Disorders and Chronic Inflammation Diseases in Nursing Shift Workers: An Expsloratory Multidimensional Literature Review.

Objective: The objective of this literature review is to explore how depression and inflammatory conditions relate to gender among nurses working shifts.

Methods: Relevant studies available on the PubMed database over the past decade were consulted. The main keywords were: "shift nurses", "depression", "gender Shift Nurses", "Gender Role", "shift nurse", "gender roles", "Inflammation" and then, free terms were combined with the Boolean AND operator.