The added value of cultured cells in burn treatment: A systematic review.

Introduction: Advancements in resuscitative care and burn surgery have improved survival rates after extensive burn injuries, shifting focus to enhancing the quality of survival. Conventional treatment with split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) presents limitations such as donor-site morbidity, limited availability in extensive burn injuries, and hypertrophic scarring. Tissue engineering aims to address these drawbacks by developing optimal skin substitutes.

Non-animal derived recombinant collagen-based biomaterials as a promising strategy towards adipose tissue engineering.

Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has been gaining increasing interest over the past decades, offering promise for new and innovative breast reconstructive strategies. Animal-derived gelatin-methacryloyl (Gel-MA) has already been applied in a plethora of TE strategies. However, due to clinical concerns, related to the potential occurrence of immunoglobulin E-mediated immune responses and pathogen transmission, a shift towards defined, reproducible recombinant proteins has occurred.

Reconstructing Curves: A Bottom-Up Approach toward Adipose Tissue Regeneration with Recombinant Biomaterials.

The potential of recombinant materials in the field of adipose tissue engineering (ATE) is investigated using a bottom-up tissue engineering (TE) approach. This study explores the synthesis of different photo-crosslinkable gelatin derivatives, including both natural and recombinant materials, with a particular emphasis on chain growth and step growth polymerization. Gelatin type B (Gel-B) and a recombinant collagen peptide (RCPhC1) are used as starting materials.

Toward Adipose Tissue Engineering Using Thiol-Norbornene Photo-Crosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogels.

Nowadays, breast implants, lipofilling, and microsurgical free tissue transfer are the most often applied procedures to repair soft tissue defects resulting from mastectomies/lumpectomies following breast cancer. Due to the drawbacks and limitations associated with these conventional clinical practices, there is a need for alternative reconstructive strategies. The development of biomimetic materials able to promote cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation has gained increasing attention in the context of adipose reconstructive purposes.

Applications of Discrete Synthetic Macromolecules in Life and Materials Science: Recent and Future Trends.

In the last decade, the field of sequence-defined polymers and related ultraprecise, monodisperse synthetic macromolecules has grown exponentially. In the early stage, mainly articles or reviews dedicated to the development of synthetic routes toward their preparation have been published. Nowadays, those synthetic methodologies, combined with the elucidation of the structure-property relationships, allow envisioning many promising applications.

High-Resolution 3D Bioprinting of Photo-Cross-linkable Recombinant Collagen to Serve Tissue Engineering Applications.

Various biopolymers, including gelatin, have already been applied to serve a plethora of tissue engineering purposes. However, substantial concerns have arisen related to the safety and the reproducibility of these materials due to their animal origin and the risk associated with pathogen transmission as well as batch-to-batch variations. Therefore, researchers have been focusing their attention toward recombinant materials that can be produced in a laboratory with full reproducibility and can be designed according to specific needs (e.

From Sequence-Defined Macromolecules to Macromolecular Pin Codes.

Dynamic sequence-defined oligomers carrying a chemically written pin code are obtained through a strategy combining multicomponent reactions with the thermoreversible addition of 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (TADs) to indole substrates. The precision oligomers are specifically designed to be encrypted upon heating as a result of the random reshuffling of the TAD-indole covalent bonds within the backbone, thereby resulting in the scrambling of the encoded information. The encrypted pin code can eventually be decrypted following a second heating step that enables the macromolecular pin code to be deciphered using 1D electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).

Water-Stable Plasma-Polymerized ,-Dimethylacrylamide Coatings to Control Cellular Adhesion.

The plasma polymerization of amide-based precursors is a nearly unexplored research area, which is in contrast with the abundance of reports focusing on amide-based surface modification using wet chemistry. Therefore, this study aims to profoundly investigate the near-atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization of ,-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) to obtain stable coatings. In contrast to the unstable coatings obtained at lower discharge powers, the stable coatings that were obtained at higher powers showed a lower hydrophilicity as assessed by water contact angle (WCA).

Extrusion Printed Scaffolds with Varying Pore Size As Modulators of MSC Angiogenic Paracrine Effects.

Cell encapsulation in confining 3D hydrogels typically prevents encapsulated cells from spreading and establishing cell-cell contacts. Interactions with neighboring cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the paracrine activity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but how these interactions are regulated by structural properties of biomaterial scaffolds remains insufficiently explored. Here, we describe the use of extrusion-based 3D printing to fabricate acellular, gelatin-based scaffolds with programmed strut spacings of 400 (small), 500 (medium), and 600 μm (large).

Photo-crosslinkable recombinant collagen mimics for tissue engineering applications.

Gelatin is frequently used in various biomedical applications. However, gelatin is generally extracted from an animal source, which can result in issues with reproducibility as well as pathogen transmittance. Therefore, we have investigated the potential of a recombinant peptide based on collagen I (RCPhC1) for tissue engineering applications and more specifically for adipose tissue regeneration.

(Photo-)crosslinkable gelatin derivatives for biofabrication applications.

Over the recent decades gelatin has proven to be very suitable as an extracellular matrix mimic for biofabrication and tissue engineering applications. However, gelatin is prone to dissolution at typical cell culture conditions and is therefore often chemically modified to introduce (photo-)crosslinkable functionalities. These modifications allow to tune the material properties of gelatin, making it suitable for a wide range of biofabrication techniques both as a bioink and as a biomaterial ink (component).

Additive manufacturing of photo-crosslinked gelatin scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering.

There exists a clear clinical need for adipose tissue reconstruction strategies to repair soft tissue defects which outperform the currently available approaches. In this respect, additive manufacturing has shown to be a promising alternative for the development of larger constructs able to support adipose tissue engineering. In the present work, a thiol-ene photo-click crosslinkable gelatin hydrogel was developed which allowed extrusion-based additive manufacturing into porous scaffolds.

Synergistic effect of κ-carrageenan and gelatin blends towards adipose tissue engineering.

The current paper focuses on the functionalization of κ-carrageenan and gelatin as extracellular matrix polysaccharide and protein mimic respectively to produce hydrogel films for adipose tissue engineering. More specifically, κ-carrageenan as well as gelatin have been functionalized with methacrylate and methacrylamide moieties respectively to enable subsequent UV-induced crosslinking in the presence of a photo-initiator. The gel fraction, the mass swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of both the one-component hydrogels and the protein/polysaccharide blends have been evaluated.