Microglia and Astrocytes Dysfunction and Key Neuroinflammation-Based Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia with rigidity, and depression appearing in the late stage of life. The key hallmark of PD is the loss or death of dopaminergic neurons in the region substantia nigra pars compacta. Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the etiology of PD, and the contribution of immunity-related events spurred the researchers to identify anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of PD.

Targeted therapy using nanocomposite delivery systems in cancer treatment: highlighting miR34a regulation for clinical applications.

The clinical application of microRNAs in modern therapeutics holds great promise to uncover molecular limitations and conquer the unbeatable castle of cancer metastasis. miRNAs play a decisive role that regulating gene expression at the post-transcription level while controlling both the stability and translation capacity of mRNAs. Specifically, miR34a is a master regulator of the tumor suppressor gene, cancer progression, stemness, and drug resistance at the cell level in p53-dependent and independent signaling.

Anticancer genes (NOXA, PAR-4, TRAIL) are de-regulated in breast cancer patients and can be targeted by using a ribosomal inactivating plant protein (riproximin).

Background: Anticancer genes are an endogenous defense against transformed cells as they impose antineoplastic effects upon ectopic expression. Profiling the expression of these genes is fundamental for exploring their prognostic and therapeutic relevance in cancers. Natural compounds can upregulate anticancer genes in malignant cells and thus be useful for therapeutic purposes.

Transcriptional Analysis of TP53 Gene in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir, Pegylated Interferon, and Ribavirin.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem that affects more than 170 million people globally. HCV is a principal cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) around the globe due to the high frequency of hepatitis C infection, and the high rate of HCC is seen in patients with HCV cirrhosis. TP53 is considered as a frequently altered gene in all cancer types, and it carries an interferon response element in its promoter region.

Development of as functional food targeting NRF2 signaling: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental model systems.

Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) provides protection against several environmental diseases by inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory injury. Besides high in protein and minerals, leaves contain several bioactive compounds, predominantly isothiocyanate moringin and polyphenols, which are potent inducers of NRF2. Hence, leaves represent a valuable food source that could be developed as a functional food for targeting NRF2 signaling.

Cassia absus-mediated upregulation of IL-4, IL-10 and downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α, NF-κB, IFN-γ in CFA-induced arthritis model.

Traditional use of Cassia absus as an anti-inflammatory in conjunctivitis and bronchitis is well reported. Owing to its anti-inflammatory potential, the current study appraised in vivo anti-arthritic activity of n-hexane and aqueous extracts of Cassia absus seeds (200 mg/kg) using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) rat model of arthritis. Changes in paw size (mm), joint diameter (mm), and pain response (sec) were recorded at the baseline and then after CFA induction at the interval of 4 days till the 28th day.

Transformation and expressional studies of GaZnF gene to improve drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum.

Drought stress is the major limiting factor in plant growth and production. Cotton is a significant crop as textile fiber and oilseed, but its production is generally affected by drought stress, mainly in dry regions. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Zinc finger transcription factor's gene (GaZnF) to enhance the drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum.

Four Togolese plant species exhibiting cytotoxicity and antitumor activities lightning polytherapy approach in cancer treatment.

Background: Cancer is leading to premature deaths across the globe. Therapeutic approaches are still being developed to enhance the survival of cancer patients. In our previous study, extracts from four Togolese plants, namely, (CP), (PT), (PP), and (SL), actually used in traditional medicine for cancer treatment, showed beneficial health effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis.

The History and Current Killings of Polio Vaccinators in Pakistan: A Need for Targeted Surveillance Strategy.

Poliomyelitis has been eliminated from all countries of the world except Pakistan and Afghanistan. One of the major reasons is the stigmas associated with the polio vaccine that has been repetitively discussed in literature, and governments of both the countries are already making serious efforts to control this public health challenge, but till this moment, the state officials have not introduced any surveillance strategy for the security of polio workers in National Emergency Action Plan (NEAP) for Polio Eradication. This report highlights the issue of targeted killing and terrorism attacks on polio vaccinators in Pakistan and also devises a surveillance strategy to provide security to polio workers at immediate possible because the current chaos in Afghanistan will ultimately lead to more terrorist attacks on polio vaccinators.

A review of biological targets and therapeutic approaches in the management of triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, aggressive phenotype of breast cancer with associated chemoresistance. The development of chemo- or radioresistance could be attributed to diverse tumor microenvironments, overexpression of membrane proteins (transporters), epigenetic changes, and alteration of the cell signaling pathways/genes associated with the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Aim Of Review: Due to the diverse and heterogeneous nature of TNBC, therapeutic response to the existing modalities offers limited scope and thus results in reccurance after therapy.

Zinc oxide loaded chitosan-elastin-sodium alginate nanocomposite gel using freeze gelation for enhanced adipose stem cell proliferation and antibacterial properties.

Hydrogels have been the material of choice for regenerative medicine applications due to their biocompatibility that can facilitate cellular attachment and proliferation. The present study aimed at constructing a porous hydrogel composite scaffold (chitosan, sodium alginate and elastin) for the repair of chronic skin wounds. Chitosan-based hydrogel incorporating varying concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles i.

Priming with caffeic acid enhances the potential and survival ability of human adipose-derived stem cells to counteract hypoxia.

The therapeutic effectiveness of stem cells after transplantation is hampered by the hypoxic milieu of chronic wounds. Prior research has established antioxidant priming as a thorough plan to improve stem cell performance. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how caffeic acid (CA) priming affected the ability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) to function under hypoxic stress.

Host-induced silencing of the CpCHI gene resulted in developmental abnormalities and mortality in maize stem borer (Chilo partellus).

RNAi-based insecticides for crop protection have witnessed rapid improvement over the years. However, their potential to efficiently control maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) pests has remained underexplored. In this study, double-stranded C.

Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops.

Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The human population is increasing daily, so there is a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing the harvestable yield of vegetables.

An Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Potent Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Asia-1 Genotype of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus Using the Structural Glycoproteins as a Target.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is a disease of worldwide importance (endemic yet not limited to Asia, Middle East, and Africa) and has triggered several outbreaks amounting to a case fatality rate of 10-40% as per the World Health Organization. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic data revealed that the Asia-1 genotype of CCHFV remained dominant in Pakistan, where 688 confirmed cases were reported between the 2012-2022 period. Currently, no approved vaccine is available to tackle the viral infection.

Metabolic Profiling and Investigation of the Modulatory Effect of L. Aerial Parts on Hepatic CYP3A4 and UGT2B7 Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model.

Drug-metabolizing enzymes are either boosted or suppressed by diabetes mellitus. This research was designed to explore L. aerial parts' impact on CYP3A4 and UGT2B7 activity and their mRNA expression in diabetic rats.

Genotypic distribution of human papillomavirus and phylogenetic analysis of E6 and E7 gene of HR-HPV variants isolated from Pakistani population.

High-risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-induced cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death among females worldwide. HPV16 is the most prevalent HR-HPV infection worldwide. This study found the genotypic distribution of HR-HPV in the local population and investigated the sequence variations among the E6 and E7 oncogenes of the local HPV16 genotype to the E6 and E7 oncogenes of the foreign HPV16 genotypes and constructed a phylogenetic relationship based on nucleotide sequence comparison among the variants identified in our study along with previously reported isolates that were obtained from different regions of the world.

The level and distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water of River Satluj Pakistan.

The study was aimed to identify different environmental factors (selected organochlorine pesticides) affecting the river water of Satluj. River Sutlej is about 1400 kilometers long and its water is extensively used for irrigation in Punjab, located both in India and Pakistan, which was also a reason of dispute between both countries for its water share. The study area was divided into four zones, Sulemanki Zone, Islam Zone, Mailsi Syphone Zone and Panjnad Zone.

Emerging applications of nanotechnology in context to immunology: A comprehensive review.

Numerous benefits of nanotechnology are available in many scientific domains. In this sense, nanoparticles serve as the fundamental foundation of nanotechnology. Recent developments in nanotechnology have demonstrated that nanoparticles have enormous promise for use in almost every field of life sciences.

In vitro evaluation of immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of Tribulus terrestris extracts.

Dampened immunity and impaired wound healing in diabetic patients may lead to diabetic foot ulcer disease, which is the leading cause of limb amputations and hospitalization. On the other hand, cancer is the most significant cause of mortality globally, accounting for over 10 million fatalities in 2020, or nearly one in every six deaths. Plants and herbs have been used to treat chronic diseases due to their essential pharmaceutical attributes, such as mitigating drug resistance, ameliorating systemic toxicities, reducing the need for synthetic chemotherapeutic agents,and strengthening the immune system.

Tissue specific expression of bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) genes improves cotton fiber length and strength.

Fiber growing inside the cotton bolls is a highly demandable product and its quality is key to the success of the textile industry. Despite the various efforts to improve cotton fiber staple length Pakistan has to import millions of bales to sustain its industrial needs. To improve cotton fiber quality Bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) genes (acsA, acsB) were expressed in a local cotton variety CEMB-00.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Of Transforming Growth Factor-Β1 Gene As Potential Asthma Susceptible Variants In Punjabi Population Of Pakistan.

Background: Candidate gene approach based on case-control model is a valuable strategy to determined disease related genetic variants. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs2241715 in TGF β1gene have been reported to affect the asthmatic status in different populations. The main focus of this research was to find any relationship between these SNPs and asthma in Pakistani population.

Overexpression of the AGL42 gene in cotton delayed leaf senescence through downregulation of NAC transcription factors.

Premature leaf senescence negatively influences the physiology and yield of cotton plants. The conserved IDLNL sequence in the C-terminal region of AGL42 MADS-box determines its repressor potential for the down regulation of senescence-related genes. To determine the delay in premature leaf senescence, Arabidopsis AGL42 gene was overexpressed in cotton plants.

Priming of adipose-derived stem cells with curcumin prior to cryopreservation preserves their functional potency: Towards an 'Off-the-shelf' therapy for burns.

Stem cells-based treatment for burn wounds require frozen cells as an off-the-shelf therapy; however, cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress resulted in post-thaw cell death or loss of cell functions, thus arrested their clinical practicality. Although antioxidant priming to stem cells increase their resistant to oxidative stress, but this strategy is still unexplored on cryopreserved cells. Herein, we investigated whether curcumin priming before cryopreservation could preserve the therapeutic potency of thawed stem cells.

Inorganic Nanoparticles: Toxic Effects, Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Interactions.

During the last few decades, nanotechnology has gained many applications in almost all fields of life because of the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs). Nanotechnology has specially marked its name in the field of medicine. However, NPs toxicity is detrimental to human health and is a prime concern in applied medicine.