The Application of Nano Drug Delivery Systems in Female Upper Genital Tract Disorders.

The prevalence of female reproductive system disorders is increasing, especially among women of reproductive age, significantly impacting their quality of life and overall health. Managing these diseases effectively is challenging due to the complex nature of the female reproductive system, characterized by dynamic physiological environments and intricate anatomical structures. Innovative drug delivery approaches are necessary to facilitate the precise regulation and manipulation of biological tissues.

Developing Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Comprising an Artemether-Lumefantrine Fixed-Dose Combination to Treat Malaria.

Background: Despite attempts to control malaria, poor drug bioavailability means malaria still places enormous pressure on health globally. It has been found that the solubility of highly lipophilic compounds can be enhanced through lipid formulations, e.g.

Development of a Plant-Expressed Subunit Vaccine against Brucellosis.

Brucellosis is an important bacterial disease of livestock and the most common zoonotic disease. The current vaccines are effective but unsafe, as they result in animal abortions and are pathogenic to humans. Virus-like particles are being investigated as molecular scaffolds for foreign antigen presentation to the immune system.

Development of a HPLC Method for Analysis of a Combination of Clofazimine, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampicin Incorporated into a Dermal Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System.

We describe the development and validation of a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analysis of a combination of the first-line anti-tubercular drugs isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin together with clofazimine. This is a unique challenge since clofazimine and rifampicin are relatively highly lipophilic drugs, whereas isoniazid and pyrazinamide are considerably more hydrophilic. Thus, clear separation of peaks and quantification of four individual drugs can present difficulties during the development of an analytical method.

The Development of Dermal Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Preformulation Studies as the Keys to Success.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) are lipid-based systems that are superior to other lipid-based oral drug delivery systems in terms of providing drug protection against the gastrointestinal (GI) environment, inhibition of drug efflux as mediated by P-glycoprotein, enhanced lymphatic drug uptake, improved control over plasma concentration profiles of drugs, enhanced stability, and drug loading efficiency. Interest in dermal spontaneous emulsions has increased, given that systems have been reported to deliver drugs across mucus membranes, as well as the outermost layer of the skin into the underlying layers. The background and development of a double spontaneous emulsion incorporating four anti-tubercular drugs, clofazimine (CFZ), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZY), and rifampicin (RIF), are described here.

The Science of Selecting Excipients for Dermal Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.

Self-emulsification is considered a formulation technique that has proven capacity to improve oral drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs by advancing both solubility and bioavailability. The capacity of these formulations to produce emulsions after moderate agitation and dilution by means of water phase addition provides a simplified method to improve delivery of lipophilic drugs, where prolonged drug dissolution in the aqueous environment of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is known as the rate-limiting step rendering decreased drug absorption. Additionally, spontaneous emulsification has been reported as an innovative topical drug delivery system that enables successful crossing of mucus membranes as well as skin.

Protective immunity of plant-produced African horse sickness virus serotype 5 chimaeric virus-like particles (VLPs) and viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccines in IFNAR mice.

Next generation vaccines have the capability to contribute to and revolutionise the veterinary vaccine industry. African horse sickness (AHS) is caused by an arbovirus infection and is characterised by respiratory distress and/or cardiovascular failure and is lethal to horses. Mandatory annual vaccination in endemic areas curtails disease occurrence and severity.

Solidification of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems as a Novel Approach to the Management of Uncomplicated Malaria.

Malaria affects millions of people annually, especially in third-world countries. The mainstay of treatment is oral anti-malarial drugs and vaccination. An increase in resistant strains of malaria parasites to most of the current anti-malarial drugs adds to the global burden.

Prolonged efavirenz exposure reduces peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin comparable to known drugs of addiction in male Sprague Dawley rats.

Introduction: Several drugs of abuse (DOA) are capable of modulating neurohypophysial hormones, such as oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), potentially resulting in the development of psychological abnormalities, such as cognitive dysfunction, psychoses, and affective disorders. Efavirenz (EFV), widely used in Africa and globally to treat HIV, induces diverse neuropsychiatric side effects while its abuse has become a global concern. The actions of EFV may involve neurohypophysial system (NS) disruption like that of known DOA.

Investigating In Vitro and Ex Vivo Properties of Artemether/Lumefantrine Double-Fixed Dose Combination Lipid Matrix Tablets Prepared by Hot Fusion.

Highly lipophilic antimalarial drugs, artemether and lumefantrine, whilst an effective fixed-dose combination treatment to lower the malarial disease burden, are therapeutically hindered by low aqueous solubility and varied bioavailability. This work investigates the plausibility of directly compressed lipid matrix tablets, their role as lipid-based formulations and their future standing as drug delivery systems. Lipid matrix tablets were manufactured from solid lipid dispersions in various lipid:drug ratios employing hot fusion-the melt mixing of highly lipophilic drugs with polymer(s).

Formulation of Medicated Chewing Gum Containing Sceletium tortuosum and Process Optimization Utilizing the SeDeM Diagram Expert System.

Sceletium tortuosum is one of the most promising medicinal plant species for treating anxiety and depression. Traditionally, aerial parts are chewed (masticatory herbal medicine) providing fast relief and rendering the masticatory route for delivery, ideal. This study intended formulating novel medicated chewing gum containing S.

Development of a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Optimized Topical Delivery of Clofazimine.

A quality-by-design and characterization approach was followed to ensure development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) destined for topical delivery of the highly lipophilic clofazimine. Solubility and water-titration experiments identified spontaneous emulsification capacity of different excipient combinations and clofazimine. After identifying self-emulsification regions, check-point formulations were selected within the self-emulsification region by considering characteristics required to achieve optimized topical drug delivery.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs.

Infectious diseases commonly occur in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The pathogens of such diseases are able to multiply in human hosts, warranting their continual survival. Infections that are commonplace include malaria, chagas, trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis.