Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management Among Indigenous Children and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Indigenous populations experience a disproportionately higher burden of early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To contribute towards addressing this health disparity, evidence-based culturally appropriate interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review examines interventions designed to improve the prevention and management of T2DM among Indigenous children and youth.

Utility of Consumer-Grade Wearable Devices for Inferring Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review.

Background: Digital wearable devices, worn on or close to the body, have potential for passively detecting mental and physical health symptoms among people with severe mental illness (SMI); however, the roles of consumer-grade devices are not well understood.

Objective: This study aims to examine the utility of data from consumer-grade, digital, wearable devices (including smartphones or wrist-worn devices) for remotely monitoring or predicting changes in mental or physical health among adults with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Studies were included that passively collected physiological data (including sleep duration, heart rate, sleep and wake patterns, or physical activity) for at least 3 days.

Effect of ketamine on anxiety: findings from the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study.

Background: Anxiety disorders and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) are often comorbid. Studies suggest ketamine has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.

Aims: To investigate if subcutaneous racemic ketamine, delivered twice weekly for 4 weeks, reduces anxiety in people with TRD.

Feasibility of Mental Health Triage Call Priority Prediction Using Machine Learning.

Background: Optimum efficiency and responsiveness to callers of mental health helplines can only be achieved if call priority is accurately identified. Currently, call operators making a triage assessment rely heavily on their clinical judgment and experience. Due to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with mental illness, there is an urgent need to identify callers to helplines who have a high level of distress and need to be seen by a clinician who can offer interventions for treatment.

Safety outcomes of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression in clinical settings and development of the ketamine side effect tool-revised (KSET-R).

Background: Ketamine and its derivates (e.g. esketamine) are increasingly used in clinical settings for treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Ontological pleasure: Exploring eating as enjoyment among people with experience of homelessness.

Amidst globally escalating housing and cost of living crises, more and more people face the double challenge of securing shelter and food in their day-to-day lives. Yet, what meanings people with experience of homelessness attribute to eating is not well understood. We analyse eating as embedded in social relations between individual actors, social institutions, and organisations.

An upward trend of dyslipidemia among adult population in Vietnam: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: It is critical to assess the progress toward achieving the national goal of reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third by 2030 in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Vietnamese adult population.

Method: Five databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and local peer-reviewed journals were searched from inception to May 2024 without language restrictions.

Why "free maternal healthcare" is not entirely free in Ghana: a qualitative exploration of the role of street-level bureaucratic power.

Background: Ghana introduced a free maternal healthcare policy within its National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2008 to remove financial barriers to accessing maternal health services. Despite this policy, evidence suggests that women incur substantial out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for maternal health care. This study explores the underlying reasons for these persistent out-of-pocket payments within the context of Ghana's free maternal healthcare policy.

Birth Order and Family Size of UK Biobank Subjects Identified as Asexual, Bisexual, Heterosexual, or Homosexual According to Self-Reported Sexual Histories.

This study used a recently developed statistical technique to investigate the relations between various elements of a subject's family background and the odds of that subject reporting a sexual history indicative of a minority sexual orientation. The subjects were 78,983 men and 92,150 women who completed relevant questionnaire items in the UK Biobank, a large-scale biomedical database of volunteers aged 40-69 years. The men were divided into three sexual minority groups-homosexual, bisexual, and asexual-and a comparison group of heterosexual men.

Pathways of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Peer Bullying in Children and Youth: A Scoping Review.

Growing up in socioeconomic disadvantage increases risk of peer bullying at school. Both socioeconomic status and involvement in bullying are predictive of a range of adverse developmental outcomes. However, neither (a) the mechanisms whereby disadvantage increases bullying risk nor (b) the developmental outcomes for which bullying may mediate disadvantage are clear.

Efficacy of a structured audio-visual asthma care session during GP visit in Australia: a single GP centre intervention trial.

Background This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a structured audio-visual educational session for people on asthma symptoms management during a general practitioner visit. Methods We conducted this single-centre intervention study in a general practice clinic in Queensland, Australia. There were 78 intervention and 78 control participants in this study.

Impact of a community-based primary healthcare programme on childhood diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT3) immunisation coverage in rural northern Ghana.

Background: Child healthcare services such as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT3) vaccination are known to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity. However, inequalities in access to these services in developing countries continue to constrain global efforts aimed at improving child health. This study examines the impact and equity effect of a community-based primary healthcare programme known as the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Programme (GEHIP) on improving the uptake of childhood DPT3 immunisation coverage in a remote rural region of Ghana.

A mentally healthy framework to guide employers and policy makers.

Mental health problems among the working population represent a growing concern with huge impacts on individuals, organizations, compensation authorities, and social welfare systems. The workplace presents both psychosocial risks and unique opportunities for intervention. Although there has been rapid expansion of workplace mental health interventions over recent decades, clear direction around appropriate, evidence-based action remains limited.

Vocational functioning in young people accessing services for first-episode psychosis and ultra-high risk of psychosis: A longitudinal naturalistic cohort study.

Aims: Young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis often have lower vocational engagement than their peers. This study examines the effect of treatment in early intervention for psychosis services in Australia on engagement in education and employment.

Methods: This is a naturalistic sample of young people aged 12-25 with FEP ( = 1574) and UHR ( = 1515), accessing treatment in the Early Psychosis (hEP) programme.

Multimorbidity among the Indigenous population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Multimorbidity, the concurrent presence of multiple chronic health conditions in an individual, represents a mounting public health challenge. Chronic illnesses are prevalent in the Indigenous populations, which contributes to multimorbidity. However, the epidemiology of multimorbidity in this population is not well studied.

The role of human involvement and support in digital mental health interventions for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a critical review.

Purpose Of Review: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SDD) are characterized by a complex array of psychosis symptoms, and typically require ongoing and long-term support, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological management. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been suggested as a novel therapeutic approach to enable low-cost, scalable improvements in quality of care for adults living with SSD. However, the types and role of human involvement and support within DMHIs is currently unknown.

Parenting, Child Maltreatment, and Social Disadvantage: A Population-Based Implementation and Evaluation of the Triple P System of Evidence-Based Parenting Support.

Child Maltreatment (CM) is a widespread public health problem, with adverse outcomes for children, families, and communities. Evidence-based parenting support delivered via a public health approach may be an effective means to prevent CM. The Every Family 2 population trial applied a public health approach to delivering evidence-based parenting support to prevent CM in disadvantaged communities.

Testing the Impact of Variations in Administration on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10).

Self-report measures are useful in psychological research and practice, but scores may be impacted by administration methods. This study investigated whether changing the recall period (from 30 to 7 days) and response option order (from ascending to descending) alters the score distribution of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Participants were presented with the K10 with either different recall periods or different response option orders.

Electroconvulsive therapy in a tertiary Australian mental health facility between 2009 and 2020.

Background: Despite electroconvulsive therapy being one of the most effective treatments in psychiatry, few studies report trends in the provision of electroconvulsive therapy over time. This study aims to investigate the use of electroconvulsive therapy between 2009 and 2020 in an Australian public tertiary mental health facility, and to describe the electroconvulsive therapy patient population and change in courses of treatment.

Methods: Routinely collected data for 677 patients who received 1669 electroconvulsive therapy courses of treatment at an Australian public tertiary mental health facility between 2009 and 2020 were examined.