Population size as a major determinant of mating system and population genetic differentiation in a narrow endemic chasmophyte.

Background: Mating system is one of the major determinants of intra- and interspecific genetic structure, but may vary within and between plant populations. Our study model included all known populations of Moehringia tommasinii (Caryophyllaceae), a narrow endemic plant inhabiting rock crevices in the northwestern Adriatic, and some populations of co-occurring and widespread M. muscosa, an ecologically divergent relative with an overlapping flowering period.

Carbonic Anhydrase Regulates Cytoplasmic pH of Nitrogen-Fixing Vesicles.

A phyloprofile of genomes was carried out to identify those genes present in symbiotic strains of clusters 1, 1c, 2 and 3 and absent in non-infective strains of cluster 4. At a threshold of 50% AA identity, 108 genes were retrieved. Among these were known symbiosis-associated genes such as (nitrogenase), and genes which are not know as symbiosis-associated genes such as (carbonic anhydrase, CAN).

Phenolic Content, Amino Acids, Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Their Relationship in Wild Garlic ( L.).

L. is a wild relative of garlic, and it is abundant in many antioxidant compounds. Sulfur compounds, primarily cysteine sulfoxides (CSOs), are converted through several reactions into various volatile molecules, which are considered the principal flavor compounds of Alliums.

First Report of Charcoal Rot Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Hemp in Croatia.

The production of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) has had a sharp increase in the past five years in Croatia (Mihelcic 2017). Production has been in constant increase, from 1560 ha in 2015 to 2476 ha in 2019 (PAAFRD). In August 2019, numerous (~1.

Traceability of Croatian extra virgin olive oils to the provenance soils by multielement and carbon isotope composition and chemometrics.

A capacity to determine the provenance of high-value food products is of high scientific and economic interest. With the aim to develop a tool for geographical traceability of Croatian extra virgin olive oils (EVOO), multielement composition and C/C isotope ratio in EVOO as well as the geochemistry of the associated soils were analysed in samples collected from three regions along the Croatian Adriatic coast. Soil geochemistry was shown to influence the transfer and elemental composition of EVOO.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of European Soybean Germplasm Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.

Soybean is the most grown high-protein crop in the world. Despite the rapid increase of acreage and production volume, European soybean production accounts for only 34% of its consumption in Europe. This study aims to support the optimal exploitation of genetic resources by European breeding programs by investigating the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of 207 European cultivars or American introductions registered in Europe, which were genotyped by the SoySNP50K array.

Garlic Ecotypes Utilise Different Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms to Cope with Drought Stress.

Drought negatively affects plants by altering morphological, physiological and metabolic processes and ultimately reducing yields. Garlic ( L.), an important member of the Alliaceae family, is also sensitive to drought and maximizing the yield of garlic bulbs is largely dependent on water availability.

Monitoring Drought Stress in Common Bean Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Multispectral Imaging.

Drought is a significant constraint in bean production. In this study, we used high-throughput phenotyping methods (chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, 3D multispectral scanning) to monitor the development of drought-induced morphological and physiological symptoms at an early stage of development of the common bean. This study aimed to select the plant phenotypic traits which were most sensitive to drought.

Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Leafy sp. Grown in Three Contrasting Soils: Growth, Enzyme Activity and Phosphorus Fractionation.

Plant adaptations to low soil phosphorus (P) availability have been intensively studied in sp. in an attempt to identify the mechanisms involved in P uptake and utilization. The present pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the relationships between plant shoot and root growth, P uptake and use efficiency parameters, and P fractions and enzyme activity, in two species grown in three soil types.

The Influence of Grape Clone and Yeast Strain on Varietal Thiol Concentrations and Sensory Properties of Graševina Wines.

Varietal thiol concentration in wine is influenced by numerous factors, of which grape variety and winemaking practices are often highlighted as the most important. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effects of grape clone and yeast strain ( and non-) on the varietal thiols concentrations and sensory characteristics of Graševina ( L.) white wines.

In the Beginning Was the Bud: Phytochemicals from Olive ( L.) Vegetative Buds and Their Biological Properties.

Even though L. is one of the most important and well-studied crops in the world, embryonic parts of the plants remain largely understudied. In this study, comprehensive phytochemical profiling of olive vegetative buds of two Croatian cultivars, and , was performed with an analysis of essential oils and methanol extracts as well as biological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities).

Traces of past reintroduction in genetic diversity: The case of the Balkan chamois (Mammalia, Artiodactyla).

The translocation of wild animal species became a common practice worldwide to re-establish local populations threatened with extinction. Archaeological data confirm that chamois once lived in the Biokovo Mountain but, prior to their reintroduction in the 1960s, there was no written evidence of their recent existence in the area. The population was reintroduced in the period 1964-1969, when 48 individuals of Balkan chamois from the neighbouring mountains in Bosnia and Herzegovina were released.

, a new species of  sect.  (Asteraceae) from Croatia.

A new species, , is described and illustrated from the island of Vis (Dalmatia, Croatia). It occurs on northwest-facing calcareous cliffs near the sea, where it grows with several other rare endemic species. is morphologically similar to and of C.

Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties' VOCs Responses upon Inoculation.

The pathogen causes one of the most severe grapevine diseases, namely downy mildew. The response to involves both visible symptoms and intricate metabolomic alterations, particularly in relation to volatile organic compounds, and depends on the degree of resistance of a particular variety. There are numerous native grapevine varieties in Croatia, and they vary in susceptibility to this oomycete.

Early Antioxidative Response to Desiccant-Stimulated Drought Stress in Field-Grown Traditional Wheat Varieties.

Extended drought affects the production and quality of wheat ( L.), one of the world's most important food crops. Breeding for increased drought resistance is becoming increasingly important due to the rising demand for food production.

Comprehensive Volatilome Signature of Various Brassicaceae Species.

To investigate in detail the volatilomes of various Brassicaceae species, landraces, and accessions, and to extract specific volatile markers, volatile aroma compounds were isolated from plant samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). The data obtained were subjected to uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. In general, two cabbage ( L.

Biology and Ultrastructural Characterization of Grapevine Badnavirus 1 and Grapevine Virus G.

The biological characteristics of grapevine viruses, such as their transmission and host range, are important for the adoption of successful prophylaxis strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the traits of two newly described grapevine viruses widely distributed in Croatia, grapevine badnavirus 1 (GBV-1) and grapevine virus G (GVG). The vine mealybug () proved to be a vector of GBV-1 and GVG capable of vine-to-vine transmission with overall experimental transmission rates of 61% and 14.

Study of High-Temperature-Induced Morphological and Physiological Changes in Potato Using Nondestructive Plant Phenotyping.

Potato ( L.) is vulnerable to high temperatures, which are expected to increase in frequency and duration due to climate change. Nondestructive phenotyping techniques represent a promising technology for helping the adaptation of agriculture to climate change.

Tissue-specific calcium and magnesium allocation to explain differences in bulk concentration in leaves of one-year-old seedlings of two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars.

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves have recently been recognised as a valuable source in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as well as in preparation of health-supporting beverages. Little is known about the element composition of olive leaves and almost nothing about tissue-specific allocation of elements.

Discrimination of genetic and geographical groups of grape varieties ( L.) based on their volatile organic compounds.

Grape volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in the winemaking industry due to their contribution to wine sensory characteristics. Another important role in the winemaking industry have the grapevine varieties used in specific regions or countries for wine production. Due to the high variability of grapevine germplasm, grapevine varieties are as classified based on their genetic and geographical origin into genetic-geographic groups (GEN-GEO).

Mechanisms of Kale ( var. ) Tolerance to Individual and Combined Stresses of Drought and Elevated Temperature.

Rising temperatures and pronounced drought are significantly affecting biodiversity worldwide and reducing yields and quality of Brassica crops. To elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance, 33 kale accessions ( var. ) were evaluated for individual (osmotic and elevated temperature stress) and combined stress (osmotic + temperature).