The moderating effect of diet on the relationship between depressive symptoms and Alzheimer's disease-related blood-based biomarkers.

Associations between mental health, diet, and risk of Alzheimer's disease highlight the need to investigate whether dietary patterns moderate the relationship between symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neurodegeneration-related blood-based biomarkers. Cognitively unimpaired participants (n = 89) were included from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study (mean age 75.37; 44 % male).

Longitudinal associations between exercise and biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We investigated longitudinal associations between self-reported exercise and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarkers in individuals with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) mutations.

Methods: Participants were 308 ADAD mutation carriers aged 39.7 ± 10.

Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study.

Introduction: Dietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link.

Objective: To investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality.

Hyperspectral Retinal Imaging as a Non-Invasive Marker to Determine Brain Amyloid Status.

Background: As an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), the retina shares many similarities with the brain and can manifest signs of various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: To investigate the retinal spectral features and develop a classification model to differentiate individuals with different brain amyloid levels.

Methods: Sixty-six participants with varying brain amyloid-β protein levels were non-invasively imaged using a hyperspectral retinal camera in the wavelength range of 450-900 nm in 5 nm steps.

The Relationship between Diet, Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review evaluates the role of diet in the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Recent Findings: AD and depression are often comorbid, and depression appears to independently increase the future risk of AD. Evidence suggests diet influences the risk of both conditions directly and indirectly.

The AUstralian multidomain Approach to Reduce dementia Risk by prOtecting brain health With lifestyle intervention study (AU-ARROW): A study protocol for a single-blind, multi-site, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study (FINGER) led to the global dementia risk reduction initiative: World-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS). As part of WW-FINGERS, the Australian AU-ARROW study mirrors aspects of FINGER, as well as US-POINTER.

Method: AU-ARROW is a randomized, single-blind, multisite, 2-year clinical trial ( = 600; aged 55-79).

Multi-Domain Interventions for Dementia Prevention - A Systematic Review.

Objectives: There is a growing incidence of cognitive decline and dementia associated with the ageing population. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and cognitive activities may individually or collectively be undertaken to increase one's odds of preventing cognitive decline and future dementia. This study will examine whether clinical trials using multidomain lifestyle intervention can significantly decrease the risk of cognitive decline and therefore dementia.

Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil Supplementation on Cognition of Individuals with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease in Sri Lanka (VCO-AD Study): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a potential therapeutic approach to improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its properties as a ketogenic agent and antioxidative characteristics.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of VCO on cognition in people with AD and to determine the impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 genotype on cognitive outcomes.

Methods: Participants of this double-blind placebo-controlled trial (SLCTR/2015/018, 15.

Elevated plasma sclerostin is associated with high brain amyloid-β load in cognitively normal older adults.

Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly affect older individuals, and the possibility of an underlying link contributing to their shared epidemiological features has rarely been investigated. In the current study, we investigated the association between levels of plasma sclerostin (SOST), a protein primarily produced by bone, and brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) load, a pathological hallmark of AD. The study enrolled participants meeting a set of screening inclusion and exclusion criteria and were stratified into Aβ- (n = 65) and Aβ+ (n = 35) according to their brain Aβ load assessed using Aβ-PET (positron emission tomography) imaging.

Sleep, Sirtuin 1 and Alzheimer's disease: A review.

Sleep plays a major role in brain health, and cognition. Disrupted sleep is a well-described symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, accumulating evidence suggests suboptimal sleep also increases AD risk.

Leukocyte surface biomarkers implicate deficits of innate immunity in sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Blood-based diagnostics and prognostics in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) are important for identifying at-risk individuals for therapeutic interventions.

Methods: In three stages, a total of 34 leukocyte antigens were examined by flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.

Systemic perturbations of the kynurenine pathway precede progression to dementia independently of amyloid-β.

Increasing evidence suggests that kynurenine pathway (KP) dyshomeostasis may promote disease progression in dementia. Studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients confirm KP dyshomeostasis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which correlates with amyloid-β and tau pathology. Herein, we performed the first comprehensive study assessing baseline levels of KP metabolites in participants enrolling in the Australian Imaging Biomarkers Flagship Study of Aging.

Progressive White Matter Injury in Preclinical Dutch Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Autosomal-dominant, Dutch-type cerebral amyloid angiopathy (D-CAA) offers a unique opportunity to develop biomarkers for pre-symptomatic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We hypothesized that neuroimaging measures of white matter injury would be present and progressive in D-CAA prior to hemorrhagic lesions or symptomatic hemorrhage. In a longitudinal cohort of D-CAA carriers and non-carriers, we observed divergence of white matter injury measures between D-CAA carriers and non-carriers prior to the appearance of cerebral microbleeds and >14 years before the average age of first symptomatic hemorrhage.

Novel Amylin Analogues Reduce Amyloid-β Cross-Seeding Aggregation and Neurotoxicity.

Background: Type 2 diabetes related human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) plays a dual role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). hIAPP has neuroprotective effects in AD mouse models whereas, high hIAPP concentrations can promote co-aggregation with amyloid-β (Aβ) to promote neurodegeneration. In fact, both low and high plasma hIAPP concentration has been associated with AD.

Differential Effects of and Modifiable Risk Factors on Hippocampal Volume Loss and Memory Decline in Aβ- and Aβ+ Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: This prospective study sought to determine the association of modifiable/nonmodifiable components included in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) risk score with hippocampal volume (HV) loss and episodic memory (EM) decline in cognitively normal (CN) older adults classified as brain β-amyloid (Aβ) negative (Aβ-) or positive (Aβ+).

Methods: Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study participants (age 58-91 years) who completed ≥2 neuropsychological assessments and a brain Aβ PET scan (n = 592) were included in this study. We computed the CAIDE risk score (age, sex, ε4 status, education, hypertension, body mass index [BMI], hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity) and a modifiable CAIDE risk score (CAIDE-MR; education, hypertension, BMI, hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity) for each participant.

Higher Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline and Less Cerebral Aβ-Amyloid Accumulation Over 126 Months: Data From the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study.

Worldwide, coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed. Several studies have suggested a protective role of coffee, including reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is limited longitudinal data from cohorts of older adults reporting associations of coffee intake with cognitive decline, in distinct domains, and investigating the neuropathological mechanisms underpinning any such associations.

The Support Person's Preferences and Perspectives of Physical Activity Programs for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment.

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for older adults' cognition. There is limited research investigating perspectives of support persons (SPs) of next-of-kins (NOKs) with cognitive impairment. This exploratory study aimed to investigate perspectives of SPs of older adults with Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Polygenic score modifies risk for Alzheimer's disease in ε4 homozygotes at phenotypic extremes.

Introduction: Diversity in cognition among apolipoprotein E () ε4 homozygotes can range from early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) to a lifetime with no symptoms.

Methods: We evaluated a phenotypic extreme polygenic risk score (PRS) for AD between cognitively healthy ε4 homozygotes aged ≥75 years (n = 213) and early-onset ε4 homozygote AD cases aged ≤65 years (n = 223) as an explanation for this diversity.

Results: The PRS for AD was significantly higher in ε4 homozygote AD cases compared to older cognitively healthy ε4/ε4 controls (odds ratio [OR] 8.

Fifteen Years of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study: Progress and Observations from 2,359 Older Adults Spanning the Spectrum from Cognitive Normality to Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study commenced in 2006 as a prospective study of 1,112 individuals (768 cognitively normal (CN), 133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 211 with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD)) as an 'Inception cohort' who underwent detailed ssessments every 18 months. Over the past decade, an additional 1247 subjects have been added as an 'Enrichment cohort' (as of 10 April 2019).

Objective: Here we provide an overview of these Inception and Enrichment cohorts of more than 8,500 person-years of investigation.

Is Associated with Amyloid-β and ε4-Related Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Normal Adults.

Background: Genetic variation in Spondin-1, specifically rs11023139, has been associated with reduced rates of cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the association was present in cognitively normal older adults.

Methods: Longitudinal cognitive decline was investigated using linear mixed modelling in a cohort of 590 cognitively normal older adults enrolled in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study.

Learning deficit in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers with LOW β-amyloid.

Introduction: In cognitively normal (CN) adults, increased rates of amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation can be detected in low Aβ (Aβ-) apolipoprotein E () ε4 carriers. We aimed to determine the effect of ε4 on the ability to benefit from experience (ie, learn) in Aβ- CNs.

Methods: Aβ- CNs (n = 333) underwent episodic memory assessments every 18 months for 108 months.

Segregation of functional networks is associated with cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive resilience is an important modulating factor of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, but the functional brain mechanisms that support cognitive resilience remain elusive. Given previous findings in normal ageing, we tested the hypothesis that higher segregation of the brain's connectome into distinct functional networks represents a functional mechanism underlying cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease. Using resting-state functional MRI, we assessed both resting-state functional MRI global system segregation, i.

Androgen receptor CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between free testosterone levels and cognition.

Age-related decrease in testosterone levels is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline in older men. However, observational studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent results on the effects of testosterone on individual cognitive domains. Null findings may be attributed to factors that studies have yet to consider.