Mindfulness as a Protective Factor Against Increased Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Hospital Workers Following the First COVID-19-Related Lockdown: a Study in Southern France.

COVID-19-related national lockdowns worldwide have had repercussions on people's well-being and have led to increased substance use. Mindfulness has previously been associated with reduced psychological distress and benefits in terms of addictive behaviors. We aimed to assess whether dispositional mindfulness protected against increased tobacco and alcohol use in hospital workers after France's first lockdown started.

Cognitive functions in late-life depression.

Cognitive disorders are frequently found during late-life depression (LLD). Many cognitive functions may be concerned and can be explained by frontostriatal brain circuits and hippocampus dysfunctions partly through abnormalities related to cerebrovascular diseases. It seems important to distinguish between early and late onset depression, the cognitive characterisation and aetiopathogenesis of which differ in some respects.

Examining the Relationships between Mindfulness and Tobacco Craving Factors.

Background: Relationships between mindfulness and general craving have been documented. However, there is still no data regarding relationships between mindfulness and the different craving factors.

Methods: Using data from an online survey among hospital workers smoking tobacco in France (n = 127), we performed linear regression models with the four craving factors as outcomes, and dispositional mindfulness as explanatory variable.

[Transports and hospitalizations avoided thanks to teleconsultations for elderly patients living in nursing homes].

Introduction: The care of elderly people living in nursing homes is a medical public health issue. The objective of this study is to evaluate the number of hospitalizations and transports avoided thanks to teleconsultations and to evaluate the therapeutic and follow up consequences of these teleconsultations.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of cardiology and neuropsychogeriatric teleconsultations was performed in three nursing home participating in the TokTokDoc Mobile Polyclinic project between September 1st, 2020 and February 28, 2021.

Therapeutic trials and Dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Cognitive diseases with Lewy bodies occur in two forms: dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinsonian dementia (PD), which follows the evolution of Parkinson disease. There is currently no curative treatment for these cognitive diseases with Lewy bodies. Therapeutic trials in DLB are rare, due to the fact that the disease has only recently been described and the first international diagnostic criteria have only recently been published (1996).

Subjective cognitive complaints and relations to objective cognitive performance among Lebanese patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have a particularly low level of insight into their illness compared to people with other mental health disorders. The objectives of the study were to evaluate: 1) subjective cognitive complaints in individuals with schizophrenia in comparison with health controls, 2) the relation between subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) and objective cognitive performance in the patients group, and 3) factors related to cognitive complaint, such as depression, insight, autonomy, and psychological symptoms.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 enrolled 120 patients with schizophrenia disorders, selected from the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (HPC) - Lebanon and 60 healthy controls.

[Therapeutic trials in dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review of the literature].

Background: Cognitive diseases with Lewy bodies occur in two forms: dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), which follows the progression of Parkinson's disease. There is currently no curative treatment for these cognitive diseases with Lewy bodies. Therapeutic trials in DLB are rare, due to the recent description of the disease as well as its first international diagnostic criteria (1996).

[Assessment of the knowledge of Lewy body disease by health care professionnels compared to Alzheimer's disease: result of a descriptive analytical study].

Background: Dementia with Lewy body (DLB) is a common neurodegenerative disease that warrants specific care, which remains largely underdiagnosed. Our objective was to assess the knowledge of DLB by health professionals in comparison with that of Alzheimer's disease (AD), to better understand the reasons of its under-diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical study processing the results of an online questionnaire submitted to French healthcare professionals between December 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021.

General description of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and assessment tools in Lebanon: A scoping review.

Many cognitive functions are affected in schizophrenia patients, particularly memory, attention, motor skills, executive function, and social cognition. Cognitive assessment is one of the best indicators of the functional and social prognosis of schizophrenic patients. In Lebanon, no study has yet examined the assessment of cognitive functions in patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases.

[Cognitive functions in late life depression].

Cognitive disorders are frequently found during late-life depression. Many cognitive functions may be concerned and can be explained by fronto-striatal brain circuits and hippocampus dysfunctions partly through abnormalities related to cerebrovascular diseases. It seems important to distinguish between early and late onset depression whose cognitive characterisation and etiopathogenia differ in some aspects.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the BACS scale (the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia) among chronic schizophrenic inpatients.

Background: Assessment of cognitive disorders in schizophrenia is becoming a part of clinical and research practice by using batteries that differ widely in their content. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was developed to cover the main cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to assess concurrent validity of the Arabic version of the BACS with a standard neurocognitive battery of tests in Lebanese patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Measures of resting state EEG rhythms for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations of an expert panel.

The Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area (EPIA) and Global Brain Consortium endorsed recommendations on candidate electroencephalography (EEG) measures for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. The Panel reviewed the field literature. As most consistent findings, AD patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia showed abnormalities in peak frequency, power, and "interrelatedness" at posterior alpha (8-12 Hz) and widespread delta (< 4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) rhythms in relation to disease progression and interventions.

Grasping Social Apathy: The Role of Reach-To-Grasp Action Kinematics for the Assessment of Social Apathy in Mild Neurocognitive Disorders.

Background: Social apathy, a reduction in initiative in proposing or engaging in social activities or interactions, is common in mild neurocognitive disorders (MND). Current apathy assessment relies on self-reports or clinical scales, but growing attention is devoted to defining more objective, measurable and non-invasive apathy proxies.

Objective: In the present study we investigated the interest of recording action kinematics in a social reach-to-grasp task for the assessment of social apathy.

Metacognitive preserved generation strategy benefits for both younger and elderly participants with schizophrenia.

Cognitive memory and introspection disturbances are considered core features of schizophrenia. Moreover, it remains unclear whether or not participants with schizophrenia are more cognitively impaired with ageing than healthy participants. The aims of this study were to use a metacognitive approach to determine whether elderly participants with schizophrenia are able to improve their memory performance using a specific generation strategy and to evaluate the memory benefits for them using this strategy.

Impact of emotionally negative information on attentional processes in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Impairments of emotional processing have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), consistently with the existence of early amygdala atrophy in the pathology. In this study, we hypothesized that patients with AD might show a deficit of orientation toward emotional information under conditions of visual search. Eighteen patients with AD, 24 age-matched controls, and 35 young controls were eye-tracked while they performed a visual search task on a computer screen.

Executive deficits in schizophrenia: mediation by processing speed and its relationships with aging.

Background: Executive deficits are a core characteristic of schizophrenia. Yet, the origin of these impairments remains unclear as they may be caused by processing slowing. This issue is of particular interest for aging insofar as cognitive aging is also associated with a decline in executive functioning and a slowing of processing speed.

A French-Greek Cross-Site Comparison Study of the Use of Automatic Video Analyses for the Assessment of Autonomy in Dementia Patients.

Background: At present, the assessment of autonomy in daily living activities, one of the key symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD), involves clinical rating scales.

Methods: In total, 109 participants were included. In particular, 11 participants during a pre-test in Nice, France, and 98 participants (27 AD, 38 mild cognitive impairment-MCI-and 33 healthy controls-HC) in Thessaloniki, Greece, carried out a standardized scenario consisting of several instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as making a phone call or preparing a pillbox while being recorded.

Semantic loss marks early Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration in older adults without dementia.

Objective: To assess progression of semantic loss in early stages of cognitive decline using semantic and letter fluency performance, and its relation with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific neurodegeneration using longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging measures.

Methods: Change in verbal fluency was analyzed among 2261 non-demented individuals with a follow-up diagnosis of no mild cognitive impairment (MCI), amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), or incident dementia, using linear mixed models across 4 years of follow-up, and relations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 1536) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose brain positron emission tomography (F-FDG-PET) imaging (n = 756) using linear regression models across 2 years of follow-up.

Results: Semantic fluency declined-fastest in those at higher risk for AD (apolipoprotein E [APOE] e4 carriers, Clinical Dementia Rating score of .

Normal ageing of the brain: Histological and biological aspects.

All the hallmarks of ageing are observed in the brain, and its cells, especially neurons, are characterized by their remarkably long lifetime. Like any organ or system, the brain is exposed to ageing processes which affect molecules, cells, blood vessels, gross morphology and, uniquely for this organ, cognition. The preponderant cerebral structures are characterized by the cellular processes of neurons and glial cells and while the quantity of cerebral interstitial fluid is limited, it is now recognized as playing a crucial role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis.

Health-related quality of life among community-dwelling people aged 80 years and over: a cross-sectional study in France.

Background: The proportion of people living to a very old age is continuously increasing. One of the possibilities explored in policies and services to meet this health and societal challenge is to encourage the very old to continue living at home. This initiative is in line with the wishes of most elderly people.

A combination of total tau and neurofilaments discriminates between neurodegenerative and primary psychiatric disorders.

Background And Purpose: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. No biomarker is currently available to diagnose psychiatric conditions. As a consequence, the distinction between psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders can be challenging in daily practice.

Pharmacologic Approaches for the Management of Apathy in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Apathy is one of the most frequent behavioral disturbances in many neurodegenerative disorders and is known to have a negative impact on the disease progression, particularly in Alzheimer's disease. Therapeutic options are currently limited and non-pharmacological approaches should constitute first line treatments. Pharmacological agents likely to reduce apathy levels are lacking.