[Posttraumatic growth in survivors of intimate partner violence: A French pilot study].

Objective: This study aimed to: (1) evaluate posttraumatic growth in survivors of intimate partner violence, (2) compare and characterize this posttraumatic growth with the one measured in survivors of other types of violence, and (3) evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder and its relationship with posttraumatic growth in our clinical population.

Methods: We realized a monocentric pilot study in Poitiers (Vienne, France) recruiting 17 survivors of intimate partner violence and 42 survivors of other types of violence from two medical departments: the Unit of Forensic Medicine, where victims are oriented following complaints, and the Psychotrauma Center. Participants were administrated questionnaires comprising socio-demographics data and specific scales, namely the PTGI and PCL-5.

[Combinations of pharmacological treatments in smoking cessation. A systematic review].

Introduction: The effectiveness of the three validated smoking cessation medications, nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion, may be insufficient, in hard-core smokers.

Objectives: This systematic review investigates the efficacy of combinations of different medications in smoking abstinence and their tolerability.

Results: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the combined medications with varenicline and nicotine patches vs.

[Contribution of electronic cigarettes in smoking patients with psychotic disorders. A literature review].

Objectives: This systematic literature review focused on patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZ), psychotic disorders or mental illness (MI) including SZ. It was interested in data on prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use, patient perceptions and expectations, as well as caregivers' attitudes towards the EC and its benefit in helping to stop or reduce smoking.

Method: The research was carried out on Medline for the period 2000-2020.

[COPD, anxiety-depression and cognitive disorders: Does inflammation play a major role?].

COPD is a chronic respiratory disease, often associated with extrapulmonary manifestations. Co-morbidities, including anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment, worsen its progression and quality of life. The prevalence of these disorders is high, yet they are often poorly understood and inadequately managed.

[Shisha smoking: infatuation and harmfulness].

"Shisha smoking: infatuation and harmfulness. The use of shisha (hookah, water pipe, narghile) consists in the inhalation of tobacco smoke, after passing through water is spreading among young people. This practice induces dependency and short and long-term health risks like those of smoking to health.

On inflammatory hypothesis of depression: what is the role of IL-6 in the middle of the chaos?

Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are reported to have higher levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6). Recent studies both pre-clinical and clinical have advocated for the functional role of IL-6 in development of MDD and suggested a great potential for targeting this cytokine to open new avenues in pharmacotherapy of depression. The purpose of the present narrative review was to provide an integrated account of how IL-6 may contribute to development of depression.

Hyperuricemia and Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Kidney Disease: From Concept to Practice.

Since the publication of the Framingham Heart Study, which suggested that uric acid should no longer be associated with coronary heart disease after additional adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors, the number of publications challenging this statement has dramatically increased. The aim of this paper was to review and discuss the most recent studies addressing the possible relation between sustained elevated serum uric acid levels and the onset or worsening of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Original studies involving American teenagers clearly showed that serum uric acid levels were directly correlated with systolic and diastolic pressures, which has been confirmed in adult cohorts revealing a 2.

[Smoking cessation in smokers with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis - considerations from the management of ten patients].

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) belongs to the spectrum of diffuse interstitial cystic pneumonias; it affects young people of both sexes and occurs almost exclusively in tobacco smokers or co-users of tobacco and cannabis. The management of this severe chronic disease is undertaken in specialized centers. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease has opened up prospects for targeted therapies.

Distinct Whole-Body Movements in Response to Alcohol and Sexual Content in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Spontaneous motor responses of approach and avoidance toward stimuli are important in characterizing psychopathological conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, divergent results have been reported, possibly due to confounded parameters (e.g.

[Tobacco and cannabis consumption : toxicity and management of quitting].

The use of cannabis is most often associated with that of tobacco. While the addictive power of cannabis is low, that of tobacco is high. The regular use of both tobacco and cannabis is at the origin of the increase in dependence on each substance, which makes stopping this double consumption often difficult.

[Smoking cessation in asthmatic patients and its impact].

Introduction: The prevalence of smoking in asthmatic patients is similar to, or even higher than in the general population.

Objectives: This systematic review addresses (1) the effects of smoking on asthma, (2) smoking cessation strategies in asthmatic patients, and (3) the consequences of smoking cessation for people with asthma.

Results: Active or passive smoking can promote the development of asthma.

[Talking about death with young children].

Death has become a topic in our society and talking about it with young children is often the source of numerous questions on the part of adults, especially parents. How should we talk about death with young children? Does the migration process play a role in certain families? Do they draw on their culture of origin, their cultural or religious customs? Interviews carried out with ten parents provide some insights.

[Smoking cessation and lung cancer screening].

Several studies have shown that lung cancer screening, using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan in a targeted population of smokers and ex-smokers reduces overall and lung cancer specific mortality rates. This form of screening strategy is not currently established for use in France by the French High Authority for Health. Quitting smoking is the most important measure in reducing mortality from lung cancer.

Quality of evidence of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on patient-important outcomes in Cochrane's systematic reviews' abstracts: A survey.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of therapeutics that have proven their efficacy on patient-important outcomes with a high quality of evidence among Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs).

Methods: We surveyed a random sample of 400 SRs' abstracts published between September 2012 and December 2015, which compared therapeutic interventions with at least a placebo or no intervention control. The primary endpoint was the proportion of SRs with a statistically significant efficacy on a patient-important outcome and with a high quality of evidence.

Environmental enrichment-inspired pharmacological tools for the treatment of addiction.

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to produce powerful beneficial effects in animal models of addiction. In particular, the ability of EE to promote abstinence and prevent relapse may allow for the identification of brain mechanisms responsible for the recovery from addiction. Indeed, the effects of EE on specific brain mechanisms could be mimicked by old or new molecules, which may become novel medications, called enviromimetics.

Effectiveness of drugs acting on adrenergic receptors in the treatment for tobacco or alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of drugs directly acting on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the treatment of patients suffering from tobacco or alcohol use disorder.

Methods: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, studies were identified through PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrial.gov.

Validity of the Good Practice Guidelines: The example of type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To assess the methodological quality of the systematic reviews of the literature for Good Practice Guidelines (GPGs) for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: The GPGs on treatment of T2D from May 2012 onwards were searched on PubMed, the Guidelines International Network, the National Guidelines Clearing House and the Infobanque des guides de pratique clinique. Quality of the GPGs was assessed by means of grading of levels of evidence, strength of recommendations, statements pertaining to systematic reviews, description of their methods, search for Randomized Controlled Trials meta-analyses, and citations from three meta-analyses which contested the strategy of intensive glycemic control and metformin as first-line treatment.