In silico analysis of HLA-1 and HLA-2 recognition of a designed recombinant human papillomavirus vaccine based on L1 protein HPV subtype 45.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) can bind and present the processed antigenic peptide derived from the vaccine to the T cell receptor, and this capability is crucial in determining the effectivity of the vaccine to terminate virus-infected cells, activate macrophages, and induce B cells to produce antibodies. A recombinant vaccine candidate based on protein L1 HPV45 was designed and analysed whether it is recognisable by T cells through the binding of their epitopes to HLAs.

Methods: The study consisted of two parts: part one was the analysis of the L1 recombinant protein binding to HLA-1 and 2 epitopes, whereas part two was the distribution analysis of HPV-linked HLA allele.

Development of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment of CR3022 for a Plasmonic-Based Biosensor Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.

Two years after SARS-CoV-2 caused the first case of COVID-19, we are now in the "new normal" period, where people's activity has bounced back, followed by the easing of travel policy restrictions. The lesson learned is that the wide availability of accurate and rapid testing procedures is crucial to overcome possible outbreaks in the future. Therefore, many laboratories worldwide have been racing to develop a new point-of-care diagnostic test.