Perinatal outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy preconception and antenatally: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Increasingly, pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) before conception. We assessed the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among pregnant WLHIV initiating ART preconception or antenatally, compared with women without HIV or ART-naïve WLHIV.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The impact of psoriatic arthritis on quality of life: a systematic review.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect individuals of all ages. Patients may experience a range of physical and psychological issues.

Objective: To examine the impact of PsA on an individual's quality of life (QoL) and physical function.

Refinement of post-COVID condition core symptoms, subtypes, determinants, and health impacts: a cohort study integrating real-world data and patient-reported outcomes.

Background: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) affects millions of people, and is an essential component of the long-term impact of COVID-19 during the post-pandemic era. Yet, consensus on clinical case definition and core components of PCC remains lacking, affecting our ability to inform research and evidence-based management. Our study aims 1) to identify the most specific symptoms for PCC, and identify clinical subtypes; 2) to evaluate both virus- and host-related determinants of PCC, and 3) assess the impact of PCC on physical and mental health.

Methodology used to develop the minimum common data elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement.

Background: The objective was to summarize the methodology used to reach consensus for recommended minimum data elements that should be collected and reported when conducting injury surveillance research in military settings. This paper summarizes the methodology used to develop the international Minimum Data Elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement.

Methods: A Delphi methodology was employed to reach consensus for minimum reporting elements.

Reporting guidelines for protocols of randomised controlled trials of implantable neurostimulation devices: the SPIRIT-iNeurostim extension.

Background: The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement has improved the quality of reporting of randomised trial protocols. Extensions to the SPIRIT statement are needed to address specific issues of trial protocol reporting, including those relevant to particular types of interventions. Methodological and reporting deficiencies in protocols of clinical trials of implantable neurostimulation devices are common.

Reporting guidelines for randomised controlled trial reports of implantable neurostimulation devices: the CONSORT-iNeurostim extension.

Background: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement has improved the quality of reporting of randomised trials. Extensions to the CONSORT statement are often needed to address specific issues of trial reporting, including those relevant to particular types of interventions. Methodological and reporting deficiencies in clinical trials of implantable neurostimulation devices are common.

Effect of genetically predicted sclerostin on cardiovascular biomarkers, risk factors, and disease outcomes.

Sclerostin inhibitors protect against osteoporotic fractures, but their cardiovascular safety remains unclear. We conducted a cis-Mendelian randomisation analysis to estimate the causal effect of sclerostin levels on cardiovascular risk factors. We meta-analysed three GWAS of sclerostin levels including 49,568 Europeans and selected 2 SNPs to be used as instruments.

Residential relocation and changes in patterns of environmental exposures by health determinants among children and adolescents in Catalonia, Spain.

Residential relocation leads to environmental changes, besides being likely to be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. The relationship between them is, however, still not well described. We aimed to investigate changes in patterns of urban, natural and physical environmental exposures due to relocation and related sociodemographic determinants in a population-based cohort study of children and adolescents.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy outcomes of the Investigation of Levetiracetam in Alzheimer's disease (ILiAD) study: a pilot, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Objective: To assess whether the antiseizure medication levetiracetam may improve cognition in individuals with Alzheimer's disease who have not previously experienced a seizure.

Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study in individuals with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Electroencephalography was performed at baseline and those with active epileptiform discharges were excluded.

Altmetric coverage of health research in Ireland 2017-2023: a protocol for a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Scientific publications have been growing exponentially, contributing to an oversaturated information environment. Quantifying a research output's impact and reach cannot be solely measured by traditional metrics like citation counts as these have a lag time and are largely focused on an academic audience. There is increasing recognition to consider 'alternative metrics' or altmetrics to measure more immediate and broader impacts of research.

Understanding overfitting in random forest for probability estimation: a visualization and simulation study.

Background: Random forests have become popular for clinical risk prediction modeling. In a case study on predicting ovarian malignancy, we observed training AUCs close to 1. Although this suggests overfitting, performance was competitive on test data.

A cross-sectional study assessing visual abstracts of randomized trials revealed inadequate reporting and high prevalence of spin.

Objectives: Visual abstracts (VAs) lack study-specific reporting guidelines and are increasingly used as stand-alone sources in medical research dissemination although not designed for this purpose. Therefore, our objectives were to describe 1) completeness of reporting in VAs and corresponding written abstracts (WAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 2) the extent and type of spin (ie, any reporting pattern that could distort result interpretation and mislead readers) in VAs and WAs of RCTs with a statistically nonsignificant primary outcome.

Study Design And Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating VAs and WAs of RCTs published between January 1, 2021, and March 3, 2023.