An experimental study of adolescent sleep restriction during a simulated school week: changes in phase, sleep staging, performance and sleepiness.

This laboratory study investigated the impact of restricted sleep during a simulated school week on circadian phase, sleep stages and daytime functioning. Changes were examined across and within days and during a simulated weekend recovery. Participants were 12 healthy secondary school students (six male) aged 15-17 years [mean = 16.

Post-training Meditation Promotes Motor Memory Consolidation.

Following training, motor memory consolidation is thought to involve either memory stabilization or off-line learning processes. The extent to which memory stabilization or off-line learning relies on post-training wakeful periods or sleep is not clear and thus, novel research approaches are needed to further explore the conditions that promote motor memory consolidation. The present experiment represents the first empirical test of meditation as potential facilitator of motor memory consolidation.

Prevalence of Sleepwalking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sleepwalking is thought to be a common arousal disorder; however, the epidemiology of this disorder has not yet been systematically examined. A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect was conducted for 'sleepwalking' OR 'somnambulism' in any field, to identify studies that reported the epidemiology of sleepwalking or sleepwalking disorders. Fifty-one studies assessed the prevalence rates of sleepwalking in a total sample of 100 490.

Thermoregulation, scratch, itch and sleep deficits in children with eczema.

Successful sleep onset and maintenance is associated with a reduction in core temperature, facilitated by heat loss at the distal periphery. Problems with initiating and maintaining sleep in children with eczema may relate to impaired thermoregulatory mechanisms, which also contribute to itching and scratching. Our hypothesis was that nocturnal distal skin temperature in eczematous children would be lower than controls, and would also be related to poor sleep quality.

Self-reported sleepwalking in Australian senior secondary school students.

Background: Few studies have examined self-reported sleepwalking in older adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of sleepwalking in a one-month self-report period in Australian adolescents.

Methods: Participants were 532 Australian adolescents in their final two years of secondary school.

Sleep in adolescence: Physiology, cognition and mental health.

Sleep is a core behavior of adolescents, consuming up to a third or more of each day. As part of this special issue on the adolescent brain, we review changes to sleep behaviors and sleep physiology during adolescence with a particular focus on the sleeping brain. We posit that brain activity during sleep may provide a unique window onto adolescent cortical maturation and compliment waking measures.

It's not just what you eat but when: The impact of eating a meal during simulated shift work on driving performance.

Shiftworkers have impaired performance when driving at night and they also alter their eating patterns during nightshifts. However, it is unknown whether driving at night is influenced by the timing of eating. This study aims to explore the effects of timing of eating on simulated driving performance across four simulated nightshifts.

An industry case study of 'stand-up' and 'sleepover' night shifts in disability support: Residential support worker perspectives.

Purpose: Residential support workers (RSW) engage in overnight "sleepover" shifts as well as more traditional "standup" night shifts. While research has investigated the consequences of night and on-call work for sleep in other industries, the sleep of RSW has not been evaluated.

Method: In a single-provider case study, six employees completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), a 2-week sleep diary, and a 30 min interview, and four also completed the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM).

Preferential attention towards the eye-region amongst individuals with insomnia.

People with insomnia often perceive their own facial appearance as more tired compared with the appearance of others. Evidence also highlights the eye-region in projecting tiredness cues to perceivers, and tiredness judgements often rely on preferential attention towards this region. Using a novel eye-tracking paradigm, this study examined: (i) whether individuals with insomnia display preferential attention towards the eye-region, relative to nose and mouth regions, whilst observing faces compared with normal-sleepers; and (ii) whether an attentional bias towards the eye-region amongst individuals with insomnia is self-specific or general in nature.

Caffeine Consumption and Sleep Quality in Australian Adults.

Caffeine is commonly consumed to help offset fatigue, however, it can have several negative effects on sleep quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality in adults using a newly validated caffeine food frequency questionnaire (C-FFQ). In this cross sectional study, 80 adults (M ± SD: 38.

Effect of experimental change in children's sleep duration on television viewing and physical activity.

Background: Paediatric observational studies demonstrate associations between sleep, television viewing and potential changes in daytime activity levels.

Objective(s): To determine whether experimental changes in sleep lead to changes in children's sedentary and physical activities.

Methods: Using a within-subject counterbalanced design, 37 children 8-11 years old completed a 3-week study.

Longitudinal Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Association between Diurnal Preference and Sleep Quality in Young Adult Twins and Siblings.

Overlapping genetic influences have been implicated in diurnal preference and subjective sleep quality. Our overall aim was to examine overlapping concurrent and longitudinal genetic and environmental effects on diurnal preference and sleep quality over ~5 years. Behavioral genetic analyses were performed on data from the longitudinal British G1219 study of young adult twins and nontwin siblings.

Estimating the dim light melatonin onset of adolescents within a 6-h sampling window: the impact of sampling rate and threshold method.

Objective/background: Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs) often manifest during the adolescent years. Measurement of circadian phase such as the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) improves diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, but financial and time costs limit the use of DLMO phase assessments in clinic. The current analysis aims to inform a cost-effective and efficient protocol to measure the DLMO in older adolescents by reducing the number of samples and total sampling duration.

Stage 2 Sleep EEG Sigma Activity and Motor Learning in Childhood ADHD: A Pilot Study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in motor learning and sleep. In healthy adults, overnight improvements in motor skills are associated with sleep spindle activity in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). This association is poorly characterized in children, particularly in pediatric ADHD.

Time to wake up: reactive countermeasures to sleep inertia.

Sleep inertia is the period of impaired performance and grogginess experienced after waking. This period of impairment is of concern to workers who are on-call, or nap during work hours, and need to perform safety-critical tasks soon after waking. While several studies have investigated the best sleep timing and length to minimise sleep inertia effects, few have focused on countermeasures -especially those that can be implemented after waking (i.

Sleep Loss and Affective Functioning: More Than Just Mood.

Empirical evidence supports an intimate link between sleep and affective functioning. While the bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and mood is well documented, limited research targets other aspects of affective functioning, such as emotion and emotion regulation, or considers their interrelationships. The present review summarizes research examining the relationship between sleep and emotion, emotion regulation, and mood, and presents a theoretical model representing the relationships between these constructs.

Sleep inertia during a simulated 6-h on/6-h off fixed split duty schedule.

Sleep inertia is a safety concern for shift workers returning to work soon after waking up. Split duty schedules offer an alternative to longer shift periods, but introduce additional wake-ups and may therefore increase risk of sleep inertia. This study investigated sleep inertia across a split duty schedule.

The impact of short night-time naps on performance, sleepiness and mood during a simulated night shift.

Short naps on night shift are recommended in some industries. There is a paucity of evidence to verify the sustained recovery benefits of short naps in the last few hours of the night shift. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the sustained recovery benefits of 30 and 10-min nap opportunities during a simulated night shift.

Caffeine administration at night during extended wakefulness effectively mitigates performance impairment but not subjective assessments of fatigue and sleepiness.

The current study investigated the effects of repeated caffeine administration on performance and subjective reports of sleepiness and fatigue during 50h extended wakefulness. Twenty-four, non-smokers aged 22.5±2.

Misperception of tiredness in young adults with insomnia.

People with insomnia often exhibit interpretive biases to cues associated with their condition. This study examined whether individuals with insomnia display an interpretive bias, such that they misperceive facial attributes of tiredness in a disorder-consistent manner. The efficacy of providing feedback related to the accuracy of participants' perception on later judgements of tiredness was further examined.

The effect of split sleep schedules (6h-on/6h-off) on neurobehavioural performance, sleep and sleepiness.

Shorter, more frequent rosters, such as 6h-on/6h-off split shifts, may offer promise to sleep, subjective sleepiness and performance by limiting shift length and by offering opportunities for all workers to obtain some sleep across the biological night. However, there exists a paucity of studies that have examined these shifts using objective measures of sleep and performance. The present study examined neurobehavioural performance, sleepiness and sleep during 6h-on/6h-off split sleep schedules.

Does Suspected Sleep Disordered Breathing Impact on the Sleep and Performance of Firefighting Volunteers during a Simulated Fire Ground Campaign?

Adequate sleep is fundamental to workplace performance. For volunteer firefighters who work in safety critical roles, poor performance at work can be life threatening. Extended shifts and sleeping conditions negatively impact sleep during multi-day fire suppression campaigns.