Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Symptoms and Prevalence of Insomnia in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia are the two most common sleep disorders. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered first-line treatment for OSA. In the present study, we assess the effect of CPAP on symptoms and prevalence of insomnia in patients with OSA.

Diagnostic value of actigraphy in hypersomnolence disorders.

Objective: Differentiating between the central hypersomnias presents a challenge to the diagnosis of patients with hypersomnolence. Actitigraphy may support efforts to distinguish them. We aimed to evaluate: 1) the ability of actigraphy to quantify sleep continuity measures in comparison with polysomnography in patients with hypersomnolence; 2) whether actigraphy can distinguish patients with hypersomnolence with normal hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with narcolepsy type 1 and from sleep-healthy controls; and 3) the distinct activity profiles and circadian rhythms of patients with narcolepsy type 1, patients with hypersomnolence with normal hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid, and sleep-healthy controls.

Circadian typology and implications for adolescent sleep health. Results from a large, cross-sectional, school-based study.

Study Objectives: To investigate circadian typology in a large, representative sample of Norwegian adolescents, and its implications for sleep health.

Methods: The sample included 3920 1 year high school students aged 16-17 years. Respondents completed a web-based survey, including the short version of the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and items on sleep-related behaviors (eg electronic media usage in bed, consumption of caffeinated beverages), sleep beliefs and daytime sleepiness.

Imagery rehearsal therapy and/or mianserin in treatment of refugees diagnosed with PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Sleep disturbances are frequently part of the symptomatology in refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been suggested that targeting sleep disturbances may enhance the outcome of PTSD treatment. However, randomized studies on the effect of treatment focusing on sleep disturbances in refugees with PTSD are lacking.

Obstructive sleep apnoea in adult patients post-tonsillectomy.

Background: The impact of removing the upper airway lymphoid tissue and in particular, tonsillectomy, in adults with OSA has not been demonstrated in large populations.

Aims: To compare the severity of OSA and the prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory co-morbidities between patients with OSA who had undergone previous tonsillectomy and those who had not.

Methods: The 19,711 participants in this study came from the European sleep apnea database (ESADA) which comprises data from unselected adult patients aged 18-80 years with a history of symptoms suggestive of OSA referred to sleep centers throughout Europe.

Sleep in older adolescents. Results from a large cross-sectional, population-based study.

The aim of the present study was to describe sleep patterns in a large and representative sample of Norwegian adolescents. The sample included 4,010 first-year high school students, aged 16-17 years (54% female), who completed a web-based survey on sleep patterns. The process of going to sleep was addressed as a two-step sequence of (a) shuteye latency (interval from bedtime to shuteye time) and (b) sleep onset latency (interval from shuteye time to sleep onset).

Developing an Alternative Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Assess Daytime Sleepiness in Adults with Physical or Mental Disabilities.

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequent symptom with many possible causes, and many of these can be treated. EDS and its underlying causes have been associated with various negative health consequences. Recognition of EDS is thus an important public health concern.

The Association between Diurnal Sleep Patterns and Emotions in Infants and Toddlers Attending Nursery.

Background: Childcare programs often include mandatory naptime during the day. Loss of daytime sleep could lead to a moderate-to-large decrease in self-regulation, emotion processing, and learning in early childhood. Nevertheless, daytime sleep has been less accurately studied than nighttime sleep.

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: The objective was to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized a decrease in symptoms at follow-up, but that improvement relied on CPAP adherence.

Methods: The sample comprised 468 patients (mean age 55.

RF-EMF exposure effects on sleep - Age doesn't matter in men!

Background: Although there are several human experimental studies on short-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on sleep, the role of effect modification by sex or age in this context has not yet been considered. In an earlier study, we observed sex differences in RF-EMF effects in elderly subjects. The present study investigated possible RF-EMF effect modifications by age in men.

Long-term positive airway pressure therapy is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: data from the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA).

Background And Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia. The current study examined the effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment on lipid status in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA).

Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 1564 OSA subjects (74% male, mean age 54 ± 11y, body mass index (BMI) 32.

Inverse relationship of subjective daytime sleepiness to mortality in heart failure patients with sleep apnoea.

Aims: Patients with sleep apnoea (SA) and heart failure (HF) are less sleepy than SA patients without HF. HF and SA both increase sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA). SNA can augment alertness.

An experimental study on effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on sleep in healthy elderly males and females: Gender matters!

Background: Results from human experimental studies investigating possible effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on sleep are heterogeneous. So far, there is no study on possible sex-differences in RF-EMF effects.

Objectives: The present study aimed at analyzing differences in RF-EMF effects on the macrostructure of sleep between healthy elderly males and females.

Long-term variability of the apnea-hypopnea index in a patient with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

Night-to-night variability (NNV) of the degree of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) over the long term is not well investigated. In our case, we investigated the NNV of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) with regard to sleep structure. Unattended polysomnography (PSG) at home was used to determine the AHI in the course of 4 weeks in a single patient with a mild-to-moderate OSA, by using the Somnocheck R&K system.

Pupillary light responses in type 1 and type 2 diabetics with and without retinopathy.

Objective: We assessed the function of rod/cones and melanopsin in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: We performed pupillometry on 22 healthy controls and four diabetic groups: 12 T1DM patients without NPDR and 12 with moderate NPDR, and 16 T2DM patients without NPDR and 12 with moderate NPDR. Monocular stimulations of 20 seconds with red (λ = 633 nm) and blue light (λ = 463 nm) at ~15 log quanta/cm /second were performed.

Prevention of leakage due to mouth opening through applying an oral shield device (Sominpax™) during nasal CPAP therapy of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background/objective: The first line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), for which a variety of masks are available. While nasal masks (NM) are the first choice; oronasal masks (ONM) are also frequently used to prevent mouth dryness resulting from mouth opening. Our cross-sectional, prospective, randomized, un-blinded study addressed the efficacy of wearing an oral shield in addition to NM in preventing mouth leakage METHODS: Patients with OSA and established therapy using NM and complaining about mouth dryness (n = 29) underwent three polysomnographies (PSGs) using NM, ONM or a nose mask in combination with an oral shield (NMS).

The European Academy for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: An initiative of the European Insomnia Network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment.

Insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide, confers marked risks for both physical and mental health. Furthermore, insomnia is associated with considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. Recent guidelines in the US and Europe unequivocally conclude that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) should be the first-line treatment for the disorder.

Habitual Sleep, Social Jetlag, and Reaction Time in Youths With Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder. A Case-Control Study.

The aim of this study was to explore habitual sleep, social jetlag, and day-to-day variations in sleep (measured as intra-individual standard deviation, ISD) in youths with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD), compared to healthy controls. We also aimed to investigate time of day effects in performance. The sample comprised 40 youths with DSWPD (70.

Relationship of stroke volume to different patterns of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure.

Study Objectives: In patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), stroke volume (SV) falls during hyperpnea of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA). We have identified two distinct patterns of hyperpnea: positive, in which end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) remains at or above functional residual capacity (FRC), and negative, in which EELV falls below FRC. The increase in expiratory intrathoracic pressure generated by the latter should have effects on the heart analogous to external chest compression.

Objective Relationship Between Sleep Apnea and Frequency of Snoring Assessed by Machine Learning.

Study Objectives: Snoring is perceived to be directly proportional to sleep apnea severity, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but this notion has not been thoroughly and objectively evaluated, despite its popularity in clinical practice. This might lead to overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of OSA. The goal of this study is to examine this notion and objectively quantify the relationship between sleep apnea and snoring detected using advanced signal processing algorithms.

Use of the Clinical Global Impression scale in sleep apnea patients - Results from the ESADA database.

Objective/background: The Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) reflects the clinician's assessment of the disease impact on patient's global functioning. We assessed predictors of CGI scale rating in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Patients/methods: Consecutive patients with suspected OSA (n = 7581) were identified in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA).

Higher physiological vulnerability to hypoxic exposure with advancing age in the human brain.

The aging brain is associated with atrophy along with functional and metabolic changes. In this study, we examined age-related changes in resting brain functions and the vulnerability of brain physiology to hypoxic exposure in humans in vivo. Brain functions were examined in 81 healthy humans (aged 18-62 years) by acquisitions of gray and white matter volumes, cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, and concentrations of lactate, N-acetylaspartate, and glutamate+glutamine using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.

Assessment of diurnal melatonin, cortisol, activity, and sleep-wake cycle in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To assess the diurnal melatonin, cortisol, and activity/rest levels, as well as sleep quality, in patients with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: We included 25 diabetic patients with DR and 29 without DR. A total of 21 healthy subjects constituted the control group.