Service Providers' Attitudes Toward Mandatory Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence: The Impact of Professional Experience.

Mandatory reporting (MR) among service providers (SP) working with intimate partner violence (IPV) is controversial, and the research is scarce. The potential association of SPs experience with IPV and MR-IPV and their attitudes is the aim of the current study. A total of 374 SPs working with victims and perpetrators (help-seekers) of IPV participated in this study.

Special criminal sanctions for offenders with mental disorders: Tendencies and challenges in Bulgaria and Norway.

This paper provides a comparative discussion of the use of special criminal sanctions for offenders with mental disorders in Bulgaria and Norway. Such sanctions can be used in both countries for offenders that are acquitted by reason of their mental state at the time of the act to prevent them from reoffending. The overall focus is to discuss the tendencies and challenges regarding the institutionalization of people with mental disorders and the use of special criminal sanctions to this end.

"Without IPS I Think I Would Really Fall Apart": Individual Placement and Support as Experienced by People With Mental Illness-Phenomenological Peer Research Study.

Having a job is an important component of recovery from mental illness and a source of economic, social, and health benefits. Most people experiencing severe mental illness (SMI) want to work but are excluded from employment opportunities. Employment specialists (ESs) working in individual placement and support (IPS) teams help persons struggling with SMI obtain competitive employment.

Individual placement and support (IPS): duration of employment support and equity of access and outcome in routine clinical practice.

Aims And Method: To explore the duration of support, reach, effectiveness and equity in access to and outcome of individual placement and support (IPS) in routine clinical practice. A retrospective analysis of routine cross-sectional administrative data was performed for people using the IPS service ( = 539).

Results: A total of 46.

Longitudinal course of inflammatory-cognitive subgroups across first treatment severe mental illness and healthy controls.

Background: While inflammation is associated with cognitive impairment in severe mental illnesses (SMI), there is substantial heterogeneity and evidence of transdiagnostic subgroups across schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. There is however, limited knowledge about the longitudinal course of this relationship.

Methods: Systemic inflammation (C-Reactive Protein, CRP) and cognition (nine cognitive domains) was measured from baseline to 1 year follow-up in first treatment SZ and BD ( = 221), and healthy controls (HC, = 220).

Effect of pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on later psychiatric comorbidity: a population-based prospective long-term study.

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is frequent among persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether pharmacological treatment of ADHD influences the incidence of psychiatric comorbidity is uncertain.

Objective: To investigate associations and causal relations between pharmacological treatment of ADHD and incidence of subsequent comorbid psychiatric diagnoses.

Healthcare Professionals' Documentation in Supported Accommodation for People with Profound Intellectual Disabilities: An Educational Intervention Study.

Good-quality relationships in which individuals with profound intellectual disabilities (intelligence quotient, IQ < 20-25) are recognized by healthcare professionals (HPs) are essential for the quality of healthcare and promoting autonomy. This study examines the impact of an educational intervention on documentation of the interplay between HP and individuals receiving services in supported accommodation in Norway. An educational intervention study was designed to encourage HPs to document their approaches and interplay.

Educational attainment and mental health conditions: a within-sibship Mendelian randomization study.

Importance: Observational studies have demonstrated consistent protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) on the risk of suffering mental health conditions (MHC). Determining whether these beneficial effects are causal is challenging given the potential role of dynastic effects and demographic factors (assortative mating and population structure) in this association.

Objective: To evaluate to what extent the relationship between EA and various MHC is independent from dynastic effects and demographic factors.

Explaining the Unexplainable: Balancing Responsibility, Expectations, and Identity in Narratives of Sexual Recidivism.

When someone is caught and punished for a sexual offense, recidivism prevention is of high priority. While a growing body of qualitative research has investigated the desistance process of those who have sexually offended, few studies have examined the narratives of individuals who have sexually recidivated in order to understand how they make sense of their reoffending. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the recidivism process and broader life stories of 16 imprisoned men through semi-structured interviews.

Neurocognitive function and delusion severity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The role of basic neurocognitive function in delusions is unclear despite the association to difficulties in reasoning and decision-making. We investigated 812 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) using a broad neuropsychological test battery encompassing motor and mental processing speed, working memory, learning and memory, and executive function. Premorbid and current intellectual function was assessed with NART and WASI.

Interrater reliability of the violence risk assessment checklist for youth: a case vignette study.

Background: Facilities providing health- and social services for youth are commonly faced with the need for assessment and management of violent behavior. These providers often experience shortage of resources, compromising the feasibility of conducting comprehensive violence risk assessments. The Violence Risk Assessment Checklist for Youth aged 12-18 (V-RISK-Y) is a 12-item violence risk screening instrument developed to rapidly identify youth at high risk for violent behavior in situations requiring expedient evaluation of violence risk.

Cognitive and inflammatory heterogeneity in severe mental illness: Translating findings from blood to brain.

Recent findings link cognitive impairment and inflammatory-immune dysregulation in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, heterogeneity and translation between the periphery and central (blood-to-brain) mechanisms remains a challenge. Starting with a large SZ, BD and healthy control cohort (n = 1235), we aimed to i) identify candidate peripheral markers (n = 25) associated with cognitive domains (n = 9) and elucidate heterogenous immune-cognitive patterns, ii) evaluate the regulation of candidate markers using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells (n = 10), and iii) evaluate candidate marker messenger RNA expression in leukocytes using microarray in available data from a subsample of the main cohort (n = 776), and in available RNA-sequencing deconvolution analysis of postmortem brain samples (n = 474) from the CommonMind Consortium (CMC).

Mental health, challenging behaviour, diagnosis, and access to employment for people with intellectual disabilities in Norway.

Background: Studies have found that presence of challenging behaviours and mental health problems limits employment for people with intellectual disabilities. This study investigates the associations between age, gender, living condition, level of intellectual disability, diagnoses, behaviour, mental health, and employment in adults with intellectual disabilities in Norway.

Method: A cross-sectional community-based survey including 214 adult participants (56% men) with intellectual disabilities.

Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder.

The hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and affiliation, with a subregional pattern reflecting the functional division between the hypothalamic nuclei. We explored the relationship between hypothalamic subunit volumes in violent offenders with (PSY-V) and without (NPV) a psychotic disorder, and the association with psychopathy traits.

The cost of saying no: general practitioners' gatekeeping role in sickness absence certification.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) have an important gatekeeping role in the Norwegian sickness insurance system. This role includes limiting access to paid sick leave when this is not justified according to sick leave criteria. 85% of GPs in Norway operate within a fee-for-service system that incentivises short consultations and high service provision.

Sex differences in social cognition among individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy control participants: a secondary analysis of published data.

Purpose: Sex differences are present among individuals experiencing schizophrenia. Whether these differences extend to social cognition is unclear. In this study, we investigated sex differences in emotion perception, social perception and theory of mind (ToM).

Risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to a psychiatric acute ward: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Associations between psychiatric disorders and mortality have been extensively studied, but limited evidence exists regarding influence of clinical characteristics on mortality risk, at the time of acute psychiatric hospitalization.

Methods: A prospective total-cohort study included all patients consecutively admitted to Haukeland University Hospital's psychiatric acute ward in Bergen, Norway between 2005 and 2014 (n = 6125). Clinical interviews were conducted at the first admission within the study period, and patients were subsequently followed for up to 15 years in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

The societal impact of individual placement and support implementation on employment outcomes for young adults receiving temporary health-related welfare benefits: a difference-in-differences study.

Background: Individual placement and support (IPS) is an evidence-based practice that helps individuals with mental illness gain and retain employment. IPS was implemented for young adults at a municipality level through a cross-sectoral collaboration between specialist mental healthcare, primary mental healthcare, and the government funded employment service (NAV). We investigated whether IPS implementation had a causal effect on employment outcomes for all young adults in receipt of a temporary health-related rehabilitation (work assessment allowance, WAA) welfare benefit, measured at the societal level compared to municipalities that did not implement IPS.

Intra- and inter-individual cognitive variability in schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorder: an investigation across multiple cognitive domains.

There is substantial cognitive heterogeneity among patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorders (BD). More knowledge about the magnitude and clinical correlates of performance variability could improve our understanding of cognitive impairments. Using double generalized linear models (DGLMs) we investigated cognitive mean and variability differences between patients with SZ (n = 905) and BD spectrum disorders (n = 522), and healthy controls (HC, n = 1170) on twenty-two variables.

Perfectionism as a predictor of change in digital self-guided interventions for public speaking anxiety in adolescents: A secondary analysis of a four-armed randomized controlled trial.

Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) interventions targeting adolescents exist; however, not all gain improvement. This exploratory study investigated whether PSA interventions resulted in a decrease in perfectionism and whether pre-treatment level and changes in perfectionism moderated the effects on PSA and social anxiety. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents from junior high schools randomized to four groups: 1) VR only ( = 20), 2) VR + online exposure program ( = 20), 3) online psychoeducation and online exposure program ( = 40), 4) waitlist and online psychoeducation program ( = 20).