Family affluence and bullying victimisation affect life satisfaction in large-bodied adolescents: Evidence from 37 high-income countries.

Background: Adolescents with large body sizes often experience bullying which likely affects their overall well-being. Yet, there is limited research on how bullying victimisation affects overall life satisfaction among this cohort of adolescents, and how family affluence moderates this relationship.

Objective: This study investigates the moderation effects of family affluence in the association between bullying victimisation and life satisfaction among adolescents with large bodies.

Smokeless tobacco (snuff) and site-specific cancer risks in adult Black South African women: Findings from the Johannesburg Cancer Study.

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is an established carcinogen to the nasal cavity, lip, and oropharynx, however, few studies have examined cancer risks in older African women among whom SLT use is common. We investigated snuff use and the risk of site-specific cancers among 15,336 newly diagnosed female cancer patients in the Johannesburg Cancer Study, South Africa. We designed case-control comparisons across multiple cancer outcomes: (a) known SLT-associated cancers; (b) other tobacco-related cancers and (c) genital cancers owing to intravaginal snuff use.

New South Wales data linkage study reveals a shift in HCC mortality risk: Time for broader strategies.

Background: This study aims to examine the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods: We conducted a 15-year retrospective study (2001-2015) using data linkage of health records and cancer registry databases, to identify all HCC cases and analyse HCC-related and all-cause mortality rates. Location-based socioeconomic status (SES) was determined using the Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA).

Promoting physical activity among cancer survivors through general practice: a realist review.

Background: Multiple studies have shown that physical activity improves cancer survivorship, by decreasing risk of second primary cancers and chronic conditions. However, cancer survivor physical activity levels remain low. General practice presents more opportunities for lifestyle interventions, such as increasing physical activity.

Codesigning a Community Health Navigator program to assist patients to transition from hospital to community.

Background This study aimed to identify the potential roles for Community Health Navigators (CHNs) in addressing problems faced by patients on discharge from hospital to the community, and attitudes and factors which may influence their adoption. Methods Twenty-six qualitative interviews and an online codesign workshop were conducted with patients, nurses, general practice staff, health service managers, community health workers, general practitioners, medical specialists, and pharmacists in the Sydney Local Health District. Qualitative themes from the interviews and workshop transcripts were analysed inductively and subsequently grouped according to a socio-ecological model.

Considering Residents' Health and Well-Being in the Process of Social Housing Redevelopment: A Rapid Scoping Literature Review.

Many aging mid-twentieth-century social housing developments worldwide are set to undergo major redevelopment, aiming to improve residents' living conditions. Nevertheless, the associated processes, particularly the challenges of relocation during the demolition and reconstruction phase, can significantly disrupt communities and social networks. Understanding the multifaceted impacts of social housing redevelopment projects is crucial to inform planning, design, and consultation for these projects.

The intervention: Promoting healthy lifestyles during routine older people's mental healthcare.

Objective: Lifestyle is an important determinant of health. The intervention allows mental health clinicians to address lifestyle during routine mental health encounters.

Method: Clinicians were taught how to encourage consumers to learn more about lifestyle and health; consider their own lifestyle and health using a self-rated health and wellness questionnaire (HAWQ) and helped them decide which out of six health domains (physical, mental and social activity, healthy eating, mental wellbeing and positive thinking) should be improved in small, sustainable steps using a SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timed) goal-setting template.

A qualitative study of negative sociocultural experiences of accessing primary health care services among Africans from refugee backgrounds in Australia: implications for organisational health literacy.

Background: Primary health care is the first point of contact for patients from refugee backgrounds in the Australian health system. Sociocultural factors, including beliefs and value systems, are salient determinants of health literacy and access to primary health care services. Although African refugees in Australia have diverse sociocultural backgrounds, little is known about the influence of sociocultural factors on their experiences of accessing primary health care services.

Neighborhood environment and quality of life of older adults in eastern Nepal: findings from a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is a subjective measure reflecting individuals' evaluations based on their personal goals and values. While global research shows the role of neighborhood factors like ethnic diversity and socio-cultural dynamics on QoL, these are unexplored in the Nepali context. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between neighborhood environment and QoL among Nepali older adults in eastern Nepal.

Is cost a barrier to general practice for Australians with mental illness?

What is known about the topic? Cost is thought to be a barrier to access to primary care for people with mental illness. What does this paper add? Nearly three-quarters of clients of one mental health services do not report cost to be a barrier to primary care. What are the implications for practitioners? Efforts to help people with mental illness engage in primary care may be best directed towards areas other than the cost of access.

Diagnosing and managing prescription opioid use disorder in patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain in Australian general practice settings: a qualitative study using the theory of Planned Behaviour.

Background: Chronic pain is a debilitating and common health issue. General Practitioners (GPs) often prescribe opioids to treat chronic pain, despite limited evidence of benefit and increasing evidence of harms, including prescription Opioid Use Disorder (pOUD). Australian GPs are worried about the harms of long-term opioids, but few are involved in the treatment of pOUD.

Responding to health literacy of refugees in Australian primary health care settings: a qualitative study of barriers and potential solutions.

Background: Organisational health literacy is a promising area of research that enables a focus on how systems and services can be designed in ways that are responsive to populations with varying states and levels of health literacy, knowledge, and practices, including African refugees. The challenge is how organisations and professionals do this in practice, and research in this area is in its early stages. This qualitative study examined barriers to implementing health literacy responsive care practices in primary health care settings in Australia.

The role of gender in health insurance enrollment among geriatric caregivers: results from the 2022 informal caregiving, health, and healthcare survey in Ghana.

Background: Female informal caregivers of older adults experience a higher burden of physical and mental health problems compared to their male counterparts due to the greater intensity of care they provide. This is likely to result in an imbalance in health needs, including health insurance enrollment, between male and female informal caregivers of older adults. However, to date, no study is available on the role of gender in health insurance enrollment among informal caregivers of older adults in Ghana.

Factors affecting 12-month unplanned readmissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: the effect of mental disorders in an Australian cohort.

Background: Many individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience frequent hospitalization and readmissions, which is burdensome on the health system. This study aims to investigate factors associated with unplanned readmissions and mortality following a COPD-related hospitalization over a 12-month period in Australia, focusing on mental disorders and accounting for the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using linked hospitalization and mortality records identified individuals aged ≥40 years who had at least one hospital admission with a principal diagnosis of COPD between 2014 and 2020 in New South Wales, Australia.

Health economic analysis of polygenic risk score use in primary prevention of coronary artery disease - A system dynamics model.

Background: Primary prevention programs utilising traditional risk scores fail to identify all individuals who suffer acute cardiovascular events. We aimed to model the impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating a Polygenic risk scores (PRS) into the cardiovascular disease CVD primary prevention program in Australia, using a whole-of-system model.

Methods: System dynamics models, encompassing acute and chronic CVD care in the Australian healthcare setting, assessing the cost-effectiveness of incorporating a CAD-PRS in the primary prevention setting.

Critical Success Factors for Intersectoral Collaboration: Homelessness and COVID-19 - Case Studies and Learnings from an Australian City.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally impacted people experiencing homelessness, including people sleeping rough, people in temporary accommodation and those living in boarding houses. This paper reports on intersectoral responses across six health and social care agencies in Inner Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Prior to the pandemic the six agencies had established an , in recognition of the need for intersectoral collaboration to address the complex health needs of people experiencing homelessness.

Assisting young people aged 12-25 years to cease e-cigarette use in general practice.

Background: Increasing numbers of young people (adolescents aged 12-17 years and young adults aged 18-25 years) are using e-cigarettes. Although the extent of the health effects is currently unknown, young people are at risk of developing nicotine dependence and, as a result, find it difficult to cease use of e-cigarettes. They might seek help from their general practitioner (GP) to do so.

Problematic social media use mediates the effect of cyberbullying victimisation on psychosomatic complaints in adolescents.

Adolescent psychosomatic complaints remain a public health issue globally. Studies suggest that cyberbullying victimisation, particularly on social media, could heighten the risk of psychosomatic complaints. However, the mechanisms underlying the associations between cyberbullying victimisation and psychosomatic complaints remain unclear.