Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish.

Intravenous (IV) injection is widely recognized as the most effective and commonly utilized method for achieving systemic delivery of substances in mammalian research models. However, its application in adult zebrafish for drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and regenerative and cancer studies has been limited due to the challenges posed by their small body size and intricate blood vessels. To overcome these limitations, alternative injection techniques such as intracardiac and retro-orbital (RO) injection have been explored in the past for stem cell transplantation in adult zebrafish.

Multi-level analysis of gut microbiome extracellular vesicles-host interaction reveals a connection to gut-brain axis signaling.

Unlabelled: Microbiota-released extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have emerged as a key player in intercellular signaling. However, their involvement in the gut-brain axis has been poorly investigated. We hypothesize that MEVs cross host cellular barriers and deliver their cargoes of bioactive compounds to the brain.

How to Use Macrophages Against Cancer.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant influence of immune cells on cancer development and treatment. This study specifically examines tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), detailing their characteristics and roles in tumorigenesis and analyzing the impact of the ratio of TAM subtypes on patient survival and prognosis. It is established that TAMs interact with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, thereby influencing the efficacy of these treatments.

Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 S1 adenovirus-based vaccine elicits robust systemic and mucosal immunity and protects against disease in animals.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance and need for accessible safe, effective, and versatile vaccine platforms. While approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been instrumental in saving lives and reducing healthcare and economic burdens, the induction of mucosal immunity remains an unmet need. Here, we engineered and evaluated a non-replicating adenovirus 5 (rAd5)-based vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit (rAd5-SARS2-S1).

Divergent lineage trajectories and genetic landscapes in human gastric intestinal metaplasia organoids associated with early neoplastic progression.

Background: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous stage spanning a morphological spectrum that is poorly represented by human cell line models.

Objective: We aim to establish and characterise human IM cell models to better understand IM progression along the cancer spectrum.

Design: A large human gastric IM organoid (IMO) cohort (n=28), their clonal derivatives and normal gastric organoids (n=42) for comparison were established.

Quantifying Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions for Engineering Useful CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Editing Variants.

Numerous high-specificity Cas9 variants have been engineered for precision genome editing. These variants typically harbor multiple mutations designed to alter the Cas9-single guide RNA (sgRNA)-DNA complex interactions for reduced off-target cleavage. By dissecting the contributions of individual mutations, we attempt to derive principles for designing high-specificity Cas9 variants.

A phase III randomised trial on the addition of a contact X-ray brachytherapy boost to standard neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for organ preservation in early rectal adenocarcinoma: 5 year results of the OPERA trial.

Background: The OPERA trial has shown that a contact X-ray brachytherapy 50 kV (CXB) boost with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) can increase organ preservation (OP) rate for early rectal adenocarcinoma (ADK) of low-mid rectum. We report the results after 5 years of follow-up.

Patients And Methods: OPERA was a multicentre, phase III trial that included operable patients (pts), with cT2-cT3b low-mid rectal ADK, tumours <5 cm, cN0 or cN1 <8 mm.

N6-Methyladenosine modification activates the serine synthesis pathway to mediate therapeutic resistance in liver cancer.

Metabolic adaptation serves as a significant driving force for cancer growth and poses a substantial obstacle for cancer therapies. Herein, we unraveled the role of m6A-mediated serine synthesis pathway (SSP) regulation in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and therapeutic resistance. We demonstrated that treatment of highly specific m6A inhibitor (STM2457) effectively inhibited HCC cell line growth and suppressed spontaneous HCC formation in mice driven by liver-specific Tp53 knockout and Myc overexpression.

Preventing Cardiac Damage in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer and Lymphoma: The PROACT Clinical Trial.

Background: Cardiotoxicity is a concern for cancer survivors undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. Enalapril has been explored for its potential to mitigate cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. The dose-dependent cardiotoxicity effects of anthracyclines can be detected early through the biomarker cardiac troponin.

Isolated melanoma metastasis in a patient with large congenital nevus without detectable primary melanoma: a case report and review of literature.

Giant congenital pigmented nevi constitute an extremely diverse group of skin lesions with varying morphologies. These nevi are often associated with many clinical implications, such as increased risk of melanoma and the presence of neurocutaneous melanosis, with melanoma being the primary concern. We present a rare case of a 62-year-old patient with a giant congenital birthmark who reported to the oncology department due to a tumor in the lower abdomen detected during an ultrasound examination.

Tube voltage in chest and abdomen DR imaging: Which settings return maximal non-prewhitening model observer with eye filter (NPWE) detectability?

Background: The non-prewhitening computational model observer with eye filter (NPWE) has been shown to reasonably predict human observer performance in general radiography and is an appropriate substitute when real clinical trials are not feasible. In this study, the NPWE model observer is used to detect specific tasks (circular designer nodules) ranging between 1 and 30 mm in diameter using chest and abdomen phantom images acquired across the diagnostic energy range (60-125 kVp) with and without an anti-scatter grid.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to derive tube voltage (kVp) settings that return maximal NPWE detectability (d') of designer nodules, for digital radiography (DR) chest and abdomen imaging.

Lipid nanoparticle encapsulation of a Delta spike-CD40L DNA vaccine improves effectiveness against Omicron challenge in Syrian hamsters.

The effectiveness of mRNA vaccines largely depends on their lipid nanoparticle (LNP) component. Herein, we investigate the effectiveness of DLin-KC2-DMA (KC2) and SM-102-based LNPs for the intramuscular delivery of a plasmid encoding B.1.

The IDH1-R132H mutation aggravates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by promoting ferroptosis through disrupting NDUFA1 and FSP1 interaction.

The IDH1-R132H mutation is implicated in the development of various tumors. Whether cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic agent, induces more significant renal toxicity in individuals with the IDH1-R132H mutation remains unclear. In this study, we observed that the IDH1-R132H mutation exacerbates mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and dysfunction in renal tubules, rendering the kidneys more susceptible to cisplatin-induced ferroptosis.

Correction: Deep learning based automated epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase status prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.

Giraffe: A tool for comprehensive processing and visualization of multiple long-read sequencing data.

Third-generation sequencing techniques have become increasingly popular due to their capacity to produce long, high-quality reads. Effective comparative analysis across various samples and sequencing platforms is essential for understanding biological mechanisms and establishing benchmark baselines. However, existing tools for long-read sequencing predominantly focus on quality control (QC) and processing for individual samples, complicating the comparison of multiple datasets.

An Inducible Luminescent System to Explore Parkinson's Disease-Associated Genes.

With emerging genetic association studies, new genes and pathways are revealed as causative factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, many of these PD genes are poorly characterized in terms of their function, subcellular localization, and interaction with other components in cellular pathways. This represents a major obstacle towards a better understanding of the molecular causes of PD, with deeper molecular studies often hindered by a lack of high-quality, validated antibodies for detecting the corresponding proteins of interest.

The immune microenvironment of steatotic hepatocellular carcinoma: Current findings and future prospects.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major type of primary liver cancer, is notorious for its resistance to systemic treatments. The field has made a great leap in the past decade, with the number of FDA-approved therapies for advanced HCC increasing from 1 to 9. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors remain the most common first-line option as monotherapy treatment, the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially when used in combination with anti-VEGF/VEGFR in HCC will likely transform the treatment landscape.

Novel recombinant vaccinia virus-vectored vaccine affords complete protection against homologous infection in mice.

The rising prevalence of Lyme disease (LD) in North America and Europe has emerged as a pressing public health concern. Despite the availability of veterinary LD vaccines, no vaccine is currently available for human use. Outer surface protein C (OspC) found on the outer membrane of the causative agent, , has been identified as a promising target for LD vaccine development due to its sustained expression during mammalian infection.

Superoxide-responsive quinone methide precursors (QMP-SOs) to study superoxide biology by proximity labeling and chemoproteomics.

Superoxide is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) with complex roles in biological systems. It can contribute to the development of serious diseases, from aging to cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. However, it can also serve as a signaling molecule for important life processes.

Information preferences of patients with chronic blood cancer: A qualitative investigation.

Background: Haematological malignancies (blood cancers) often follow chronic trajectories that can span many months or years. Management of these diseases typically involves periods of 'Watch & Wait', whereby patients are monitored by the hospital and only treated at progression, if or when this occurs, which might be never or on multiple occasions. Such remitting-relapsing pathways are unpredictable and can cause anxiety and distress.