Multi-Night Electroencephalography Reveals Positive Association Between Sleep Efficiency and Hippocampal Subfield and Entorhinal Cortex Volumes in Healthy Aging.

Age-related atrophy of the human hippocampus and the enthorinal cortex starts accelerating at around age 60. Due to the contributions of these regions to many cognitive functions seamlessly used in everyday life, this can heavily impact the lives of elderly people. The hippocampus is not a unitary structure, and mechanisms of its age-related decline appear to differentially affect its subfields.

Solution equilibrium and redox properties of metal complexes with 2-formylpyridine guanylhydrazone derivatives: Effect of morpholine and piperazine substitutions.

Schiff bases derived from aminoguanidine are extensively investigated for their structural versatility. The tridentate 2-formylpyridine guanylhydrazones act as analogues of 2-formyl or 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones, where the thioamide unit is replaced by the guanidyl group. Six derivatives of 2-formylpyridine guanylhydrazone were synthesized and their proton dissociation and complex formation processes with Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions were studied using pH-potentiometry, UV-visible, NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic methods.

A Machine Learning Model to Harmonize Volumetric Brain MRI Data for Quantitative Neuroradiologic Assessment of Alzheimer Disease.

Purpose To extend a previously developed machine learning algorithm for harmonizing brain volumetric data of individuals undergoing neuroradiologic assessment of Alzheimer disease not encountered during model training. Materials and Methods Neuroharmony is a recently developed method that uses image quality metrics as predictors to remove scanner-related effects in brain-volumetric data using random forest regression. To account for the interactions between Alzheimer disease pathology and image quality metrics during harmonization, the authors developed a multiclass extension of Neuroharmony for individuals with and without cognitive impairment.

Unexpected Reaction of Dialkyl α-Hydroxy-benzylphosphonates with Dialkyl Phosphites and a Few Related Reactions.

The condensation of dialkyl α-hydroxy-benzylphosphonates with dialkyl phosphites and that of α-hydroxybenzyl-diphenylphosphine oxide with diphenylphosphine oxide unexpectedly gave the corresponding phosphorylated α-hydroxy derivatives. This new reaction proved to be general. The formation of the two products may be similar and involves the attack of the hydroxy group of the α-hydroxyphosphonate or α-hydroxyphosphine oxide on the phosphorus atom of the trivalent tautomer form (YPOH) of the YP(O)H reagent (Y= MeO, EtO, or Ph) going with the elimination of an alcohol and water molecule, respectively.

Understanding the Preclinical Efficacy of Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a therapeutic modality that guides chemotherapies to tumoral cells by using antibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The antibody and the chemotherapy or payload are attached by a chemical structure called the linker. The strategy for the development of this type of drug was based on several rational pillars, including the use of a very potent payload and the use of specific antibodies acting only on antigens expressed on tumoral cells.

The Formation of γ-Valerolactone from Renewable Levulinic Acid over Ni-Cu Fly Ash Zeolite Catalysts.

Zeolites with different structures (P1, sodalite, and X) were synthesized from coal fly ash by applying ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal and fusion-hydrothermal synthesis. Bimetallic catalysts, containing 5 wt.% Ni and 2.

Rank-Related Differences in Dogs' Behaviours in Frustrating Situations.

Dogs are strongly dependent on humans, not only for sustenance, but they also form asymmetrical bonds with us where they rely on assistance from the human partner in the case of difficult situations. At the same time, cohabiting dogs form hierarchies, and their rank strongly influences their behaviour in various social interactions. In this study, we investigated whether high- and low-ranking dogs would behave differently in non-social and social contexts where a formerly available reward suddenly becomes inaccessible.

Lamellarity of ultrasound assisted formations of dipalmitoyl-lecithin vesicles.

Formation of unilamellae of fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was induced by a horn sonicator from multilamellar vesicles and followed by time-resolved synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering and direct visual morphological investigations by the means of transmission electron-microscopy combined with freeze-fracture. Without incubation the ultrasonication causes continuous increasing in temperature and transformation from the gel to rippled gel structures, then reaching the main transition, the formfactor of unilamellar structure appeared. The ultrasonication resulted in different layer formations at the characteristic temperatures of the gel (20 °C), rippled gel (38 °C), and liquid crystalline (45 °C) phases of the system.

Bioinspired Synthesis of (-)-Hunterine A: Deciphering the Key Step in the Biogenetic Pathway.

A concise, bioinspired, and enantioselective synthesis of (-)-hunterine A, an odd 6/7/6/6/5 pentacyclic natural product, is described. The key step in the synthesis of this complex structure is an interim-template directed 6-exo selective epoxide ring-opening reaction, which is interwoven with a hydrolysis step of the indolenine hemiaminal template to create the unusual 7-membered azepine bridge motif. Our work not only refines the previously proposed biogenetic pathway, but also reveals the possible stereochemical prerequisite of the unique skeletal rearrangement, which provides a vantage point for understanding how (-)-hunterine A is likely to be generated in nature.

Increase in slow frequency and decrease in alpha and beta power during post-learning rest predict long-term memory success.

Formation of episodic memories is linked to cortico-hippocampal interactions during learning, practice, and post-learning rest, although the role of cortical activity itself in such processes remains elusive. Behaviorally, long-term retention of episodic memories has been shown to be aided by several different practice strategies involving memory reencounters, such as repeated retrieval and repeated study. In a two-session resting state electroencephalography (EEG) experiment, using data from 68 participants, we investigated the electrophysiological predictors of long-term memory success in situations where such reencounters occurred after learning.

High throughput in-line content uniformity measurement of tablets based on real-time UV imaging.

This paper presents a precursor of a novel, high-throughput, in-line system, which utilizes ultraviolet (UV) imaging in order to predict the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content of tablets in real-time, non-destructive manner. Pimobendan, cardiovascular drug used in veterinary medicine was chosen as a fluorescent model API. Two experiments were carried out using different measurement setups, where the tablets were moving at different speeds.

Encapsulation of a drug into electrospun fibers spun from water soluble polymers to control solubility and release.

Electrospun fibers prepared from water-soluble polymers (PVP, PVA, and HPMC) were loaded with pregabalin, a BCS I drug, to address its fast release and adverse effects. The drug dissolved partially (1.8-2.

Alternative weighting schemes for fine-tuned extended similarity indices.

Extended similarity indices (i.e., generalization of pairwise similarity) have recently gained importance because of their simplicity, fast computation and superiority in tasks like diversity picking.

Organometallic Half-Sandwich Complexes of 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Derived Mannich Bases with Enhanced Solubility: Targeting Multidrug Resistant Cancer.

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. Herein, four novel organometallic complexes, with the general formula [Ru(η--cymene)(HL)Cl]Cl and [Rh(η-CMe)(HL)Cl]Cl, were developed to target multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells, where HL denotes 8-hydroxyquinoline-derived Mannich bases (HQCl-pyr and HQCl-pip). The aim of the complexation was to obtain compounds with improved drug-like properties.

Assessment of DFT Functionals for Predicting the Magnetic Exchange Coupling Constants of Nonalternant Hydrocarbon Diradicals: The Role of Hartree-Fock Exchange.

The magnetic nature of nonalternant hydrocarbon (Azulene) bridged nitronyl nitroxide (AzNN) and imino-nitroxide (AzIN) diradicals are investigated with 38 different DFT functionals to find out a correct functional to predict the magnetic nature of these diradicals. The effect of Hartree-Fock exchange (HFX) in the hybrid functionals are investigated for the prediction of magnetic nature of the nonalternant hydrocarbon bridged diradicals. The utility of Borden and Davidson's proposal of disjoint and nondisjoint SOMOs for the prediction of magnetic nature of alternant hydrocarbon bridged diradicals is assessed for the nonalternant hydrocarbon based diradicals.

REST-dependent glioma progression occurs independently of the repression of the long non-coding RNA HAR1A.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), HAR1A is emerging as a putative tumour suppressor. In non-neoplastic brain cells, REST suppresses HAR1A expression. In gliomas REST acts as an oncogene and is a potential therapeutic target.

Proprioceptive Training Improves Postural Stability and Reduces Pain in Cervicogenic Headache Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Headache is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Neck proprioception, pain, and postural control are interconnected in both healthy individuals and those with chronic neck pain. This study examines the effects of proprioceptive training using a gaze direction recognition task on postural stability and pain in cervicogenic headache patients.

Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity.

Tuberculosis (TB) presents significant medical challenges, largely due to the genetic diversity of , which enhances the resilience and resistance of the pathogen to first-line treatments. In response to the global rise of drug-resistant TB, second-line antitubercular drugs like bedaquiline (BDQ), linezolid (LZD), and clofazimine (CFZ) have become critical treatment options. Understanding the molecular changes these drugs induce is essential for optimizing TB therapy.

Visual mismatch negativity is more than the sum of microsequences.

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), the difference between the event-related potentials (ERPs) to repeated (standard) events and changing (deviant) events, can be caused either by diminished activity to the repeated ones (stimulus-specific adaptation, SSA), increased activity to the new ones, or both effects. To determine which of these effects contribute to the emergence of vMMN, we investigated the effect of repetition on visual ERPs. To this end, we measured electrical brain activity to task-irrelevant stimuli both in case of stimulus onset (continuously present objects, ON-events) and stimulus offset (frequently or infrequently disappearing parts of the objects, OFF-events).

Impact of N-decyl-nicotineamide bromide on copper corrosion inhibition in acidic sulfate containing environment: Electrochemical and piezoelectrochemical insights.

This work investigates the inhibition effect and adsorption properties of a new tailor-made synthesized model molecule of ionic liquids, namely N-decyl nicotinamide bromide [CNic]Br in an acidic 0.1 M NaSO solution (pH = 2.7) against the corrosion of copper.

Effect of Water Networks On Ligand Binding: Computational Predictions vs Experiments.

Rational drug design focuses on the explanation and prediction of complex formation between therapeutic targets and small-molecule ligands. As a third and often overlooked interacting partner, water molecules play a critical role in the thermodynamics of protein-ligand binding, impacting both the entropy and enthalpy components of the binding free energy and by extension, on-target affinity and bioactivity. The community has realized the importance of binding site waters, as evidenced by the number of computational tools to predict the structure and thermodynamics of their networks.