The adhesion mechanism of mucoadhesive tablets with dissimilar chain flexibility on viscoelastic hydrogels.

Mucosal membranes with strong variability in their viscoelastic properties line numerous organs and are often targeted by mucoadhesive formulations, e.g., highly swellable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and slightly cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) tablets.

The Enzyme Effect: Broadening the Horizon of MS Optimization to Nontryptic Digestion in Proteomics.

In recent years, alternative enzymes with varied specificities have gained importance in MS-based bottom-up proteomics, offering orthogonal information about biological samples and advantages in certain applications. However, most mass spectrometric workflows are optimized for tryptic digests. This raises the questions of whether enzyme specificity impacts mass spectrometry and if current methods for nontryptic digests are suboptimal.

The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.

Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia pose a significant global health, social, and economic challenge. While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has historically been viewed as the leading cause of dementia, recent evidence reveals the considerable impact of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), which now accounts for nearly half of all dementia cases. The Mediterranean diet-characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil-has been widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits and may also reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

A Flexible, Implantable, Bioelectronic Electroporation Device for Targeted Ablation of Seizure Foci in the Mouse Brain.

The primary method of treatment for patients suffering from drug-resistant focal-onset epilepsy is resective surgery, which adversely impacts neurocognitive function. Radio frequency (RF) ablation and laser ablation are the methods with the most promise, achieving seizure-free rates similar to resection but with less negative impact on neurocognitive function. However, there remains a number of concerns and open technical questions about these two methods of thermal ablation, with the primary ones: (1) heating; (2) hemorrhage and bleeding; and (3) poor directionality.

Direct Vascular Effects of Angiotensin II (A Systematic Short Review).

The octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) is a circulating hormone as well as a locally formed agonist synthesized by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) of endothelial cells. It forms a powerful mechanism to control the amount and pressure of body fluids. All main effects are directed to save body salt and water and ensure blood pressure under basic conditions and in emergencies.

More than just a happy talk? Evidence for functional pitch and utterance length modifications in infant-, spouse-, and dog-directed communication.

By comparing infant-directed speech to spouse- and dog-directed talk, we aimed to investigate how pitch and utterance length are modulated by speakers considering the speech context and the partner's expected needs and capabilities. We found that mean pitch was modulated in line with the partner's attentional needs, while pitch range and utterance length were modulated according to the partner's expected linguistic competence. In a situation with a nursery rhyme, speakers used the highest pitch and widest pitch range with all partners suggesting that infant-directed context greatly influences these acoustic features.

Prognostic impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) expression on cancer survival and its implications for GLP-1R agonist therapy: an integrative analysis across multiple tumor types.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda), albiglutide (Tanzeum), dulaglutide (Trulicity), lixisenatide (Lyxumia, Adlyxin), semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy), and tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound), are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. While these agents are well known for their metabolic benefits, there is growing interest in their potential effects on cancer biology. However, the role of GLP-1R agonists in cancer remains complex and not fully understood, particularly across different tumor types.

Impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on stroke risk.

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and dietary patterns have emerged as a significant modifiable factor in stroke prevention. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, olive oil, and fish, has been widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits. However, its specific impact on stroke risk requires further elucidation.

The protein cargo of extracellular vesicles correlates with the epigenetic aging clock of exercise sensitive DNAmFitAge.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in inter-organ communication, which becomes particularly relevant during aging and exercise. DNA methylation-based aging clocks reflect lifestyle and environmental factors, while regular exercise is known to induce adaptive responses, including epigenetic adaptations. Twenty individuals with High-fitness (aged 57.

Identification of new reference genes with stable expression patterns for cell cycle experiments in human leukemia cell lines.

Cell cycle-dependent gene expression analysis is particularly important as numerous genes show tightly regulated expression patterns at different phases of the cell cycle. For cancer cells, analysis of cell cycle-related events is of paramount significance since tumorigenesis is characteristically coupled to cell cycle perturbations. RT-qPCR is a highly sensitive technique to investigate cell cycle-dependent transcriptional regulation.

Optically Controlled Drug Delivery Through Microscale Brain-Machine Interfaces Using Integrated Upconverting Nanoparticles.

The aim of this work is to incorporate lanthanide-cored upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) into the surface of microengineered biomedical implants to create a spatially controlled and optically releasable model drug delivery device in an integrated fashion. Our approach enables silicone-based microelectrocorticography (ECoG) implants holding platinum/iridium recording sites to serve as a stable host of UCNPs. Nanoparticles excitable in the near-infrared (lower energy) regime and emitting visible (higher energy) light are utilized in a study.

Investigation of Host-Guest Interactions in 2-Ureido-4-ferrocenylpyrimidine Derivatives.

In the present study, synthesis, conformational behavior, host-guest complex formation, and electrochemical properties of novel 6-substituted-2-ureido-4-ferrocenylpyrimidines were explored. A comprehensive NMR spectroscopic investigation was carried out to confirm the structure and conformational equilibrium of the ureidopyrimidines through studying the temperature- and concentration dependence of NMR spectra. Low-temperature NMR measurements were used to clarify structural changes inflicted by a 2,6-diaminopyridine guest.

The Effect of Processing Techniques on the Classification Accuracy of Brain-Computer Interface Systems.

: Accurately classifying Electroencephalography (EEG) signals is essential for the effective operation of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), which is needed for reliable neurorehabilitation applications. However, many factors in the processing pipeline can influence classification performance. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of different processing steps on classification accuracy in EEG-based BCI systems.

Corrigendum: Editorial: Early development of sound processing in the service of speech and music perception.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.

Supramolecular Control of the Photoisomerization of a Coumarin-Based Photoswitch.

The complex formation of the cationic stilbene-type photoswitch CP with the anionic macrocycles carboxylato-pillar[5]arene (WP5) and carboxylato-pillar[6]arene (WP6) has been investigated in aqueous solution by optical spectroscopic, NMR and isothermal calorimetric experiments and theoretical calculations. Subsequently, the photoisomerization reactions of the supramolecular complexes formed have been studied. CP consists of a 7-diethylamino-coumarin fluorophore and an -methylpyridinium unit, which are connected via an ethene bridge.

Instable Microdeformation and Strain Recovery in Amorphous LiPON Thin Layer.

Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is a crucial electrolyte for all-solid-state thin-film batteries due to its sufficient ionic conductivity. Understanding the mechanical behavior of LiPON films is crucial for further technological development. Previous studies noted unexpected ductility and strain recovery in amorphous LiPON during sharp-ended tip indentations revealing pile-up formation and densification as the main deformation mechanisms.

On the longevity and inherent hermeticity of silicon-ICs: evaluation of bare-die and PDMS-coated ICs after accelerated aging and implantation studies.

Silicon integrated circuits (ICs) are central to the next-generation miniature active neural implants, whether packaged in soft polymers for flexible bioelectronics or implanted as bare die for neural probes. These emerging applications bring the IC closer to the corrosive body environment, raising reliability concerns, particularly for chronic use. Here, we evaluate the inherent hermeticity of bare die ICs, and examine the potential of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a moisture-permeable elastomer, as a standalone encapsulation material.

Experimental and Computational Synthesis of TiO Sol-Gel Coatings.

During the experimental formation of sol-gel coatings, the colloid dispersions go through a drying process, and the structure of the coatings is formed as a result of complex chemical, colloidal, and capillary interactions. While computer simulations provide guidelines to tune and even design the nanomaterials synthesis, simulations of coating structure formation are hitherto unknown in the literature. Based on real experiments, we establish here a ReaxFF reactive force field-based molecular dynamics simulation protocol in order to investigate and determine the role of the experimental conditions on the pore structure formation in the coatings.

Nonionic Amphiphilic Copolymers of Poly(poly(ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate) Brushes with Methyl Methacrylate Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization as Dry Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Next Generation Li-ion Battery Applications.

Amphiphilic copolymers of comb-like poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) synthesized by one-pot atom transfer radical polymerization were mixed with lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt to formulate dry solid polymer electrolytes (DSPE) for semisolid-state Li-ion battery applications. The PEO-type side chain length (EO monomer's number) in the PEGMA macromonomer units was varied, and its influence on the mechanical and electrochemical characteristics was investigated. It was found that the copolymers, due to the presence of PMMA segments, possess viscoelastic behavior and less change in mechanical properties than a PEO homopolymer with 100 kDa molecular weight in the investigated temperature range.

High density laminar recordings reveal cell type and layer specific responses to infrared neural stimulation in the rat neocortex.

Infrared neural stimulation has consistently shown that temperature is a critical neuronal state variable. However, a comprehensive understanding of the biophysical background is essential. In this study, using high-density laminar electrode recordings, we investigated the impact of pulsed and continuous-wave infrared illumination on cortical neurons in anesthetized rats ([Formula: see text]).

Selective Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline and Piperidine Scaffolds by Oxidative Ring Opening/Ring Closing Protocols of Substituted Indenes and Cyclopentenes.

Novel tetrahydroisoquinoline and piperidine derivatives were selectively synthesized from substituted indenes or cyclopentenes. The process starts with an oxidative cleavage of the ring olefin bond, which gives reactive diformyl intermediates. By a ring-closing step using chiral (R) or (S) α-methylbenzylamine under a reductive amination protocol facilitated ring formation with ring expansion of the corresponding nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

Selective Reduction of Esters to Access Aldehydes Using Fiddler Crab-Type Boranes.

The partial reduction of esters to aldehydes is a fundamentally important transformation for the synthesis of numerous fine chemicals and consumer goods. However, despite the many efforts, limitations have persisted, such as competing overreduction, low reproducibility, use of exigent reaction conditions and hazardous chemicals. Here, we report a novel catalyst family with a unique steric design which promotes the catalytic partial reduction of esters with unprecedented, near-perfect selectivity and efficiency.

Unbiased Drug Target Prediction Reveals Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Inducers, HDAC and RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma Subtypes.

Background: The utilization of PD1 and CTLA4 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of malignant melanoma (MM). However, resistance to targeted and immune-checkpoint-based therapies still poses a significant problem.

Objective: Here, we mine large-scale MM proteogenomic data to identify druggable targets and forecast treatment efficacy and resistance.