Inadequate sleep increases stroke risk: evidence from a comprehensive meta-analysis of incidence and mortality.

The link between abnormal sleep duration and stroke outcomes remains contentious. This meta-analysis quantifies how both short and long sleep durations impact stroke incidence and mortality. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar up to November 1, 2024, to identify cohort studies evaluating sleep duration and stroke outcomes.

Imbalanced sleep increases mortality risk by 14-34%: a meta-analysis.

Sleep duration is a crucial factor influencing health outcomes, yet its relationship with mortality remains debated. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the association between short and long sleep duration and all-cause mortality in adults, including sex-specific differences. A systematic search was performed in multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science, up to October 2024.

Indirect Anti-Markovnikov Hydrofunctionalization of Terminal Alkenes via an Alkenyl Thianthrenium Intermediate.

The anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of terminal, unactivated olefins is an evergreen synthetic challenge in organic chemistry. Several direct and indirect anti-Markovnikov methods have been developed, ranging from the classical hydroboration/oxidation protocol to state-of-the-art photoredox catalytic, transition metal complex-catalyzed and enzymatic procedures. Despite the ever-expanding suite of synthetic capabilities, these methods still have limited generality in their substrate scope, especially with nucleophiles.

Nanomaterials Applied to Fuel Cells and Catalysts.

Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are accepted by consensus as being part of the future energy system, especially in hard-to-abate segments where electrification is not an efficient solution [...

Advanced Pt/TiSnO-C Composite Supported Electrocatalyst with Functionalized Carbon for Sustainable Energy Conversion Technologies.

Sn-doped TiO-carbon composites were identified as promising multifunctional supports for Pt electrocatalysts, in which the oxide component enhances resistance against corrosion and strong metal-support interactions at the Pt-oxide boundary ensure high stability for the Pt nanoparticles. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of preliminary functionalization of the carbon on the properties of Pt/TiSnO-C catalysts. The structural, compositional and morphological differences between the samples prepared using functionalized or unmodified carbon, as well as the effect of carbon pre-modification on the electrocatalytic behavior of the synthesized Pt catalysts, were investigated using TEM, XRD, XPS, nitrogen adsorption and electrochemical measurements.

Age-related differences in the relationship between confidence and false memory in a mnemonic discrimination task.

In addition to episodic memory loss there is an increase in false remembering in ageing especially when the discrimination between studied and new items is difficult in a recognition memory task. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying psychological mechanisms of this behavior, specifically, the possible role of false recollection. We used the Mnemonic Similarity Task, a widely used task in neuroscience research developed to assess the behavioral manifestation of hippocampal computations, pattern separation and pattern completion.

Regularly updated benchmark sets for statistically correct evaluations of AlphaFold applications.

AlphaFold2 changed structural biology by providing high-quality structure predictions for all possible proteins. Since its inception, a plethora of applications were built on AlphaFold2, expediting discoveries in virtually all areas related to protein science. In many cases, however, optimism seems to have made scientists forget about data leakage, a serious issue that needs to be addressed when evaluating machine learning methods.

DREDge: robust motion correction for high-density extracellular recordings across species.

High-density microelectrode arrays have opened new possibilities for systems neuroscience, but brain motion relative to the array poses challenges for downstream analyses. We introduce DREDge (Decentralized Registration of Electrophysiology Data), a robust algorithm for the registration of noisy, nonstationary extracellular electrophysiology recordings. In addition to estimating motion from action potential data, DREDge enables automated, high-temporal-resolution motion tracking in local field potential data.

Passenger physiology in self-driving vehicles during unexpected events.

While using fully autonomous vehicles is expected to radically change the way we live our daily lives, it is not yet available in most parts of the world, so we only have sporadic results on passenger reactions. Furthermore, we have very limited insights into how passengers react to an unexpected event during the ride. Previous physiological research has shown that passengers have lower levels of anxiety in the event of a human-driven condition compared to a self-driving condition.

Toxicokinetic Characterization of Isopropyl Glycidyl Ether in Rat by a Validated LC-APCI-MS/MS Method Using In-Source Derivatization.

Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IPGE) is a member of the large glycidyl ether family frequently used as a reactive diluent during the epoxy resin manufacturing process. Although the toxicity induced by this type of chemical has been investigated in many studies of different aspects (acute, subchronic, genotoxic, reproduction, etc.), there is still little known about their toxicokinetics.

Determinants of response and molecular dynamics in HER2+ER+ breast cancers from the NA-PHER2 trial receiving HER2-targeted and endocrine therapies.

Improved outcomes in HER2+ female breast cancer have resulted from chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapies. However, HER2+ER+ cancers exhibit lower response rates. The phase 2 NA-PHER2 trial (NCT02530424) investigated chemo-free preoperative HER2 blockade (trastuzumab + pertuzumab) and CDK4/6 inhibition (palbociclib) with or without endocrine therapy (fulvestrant) in HER2+ER+ breast cancer.

Intact habit learning in work addiction: Evidence from a probabilistic sequence learning task.

Work addiction (WA) is characterized by excessive and compulsive working patterns that detrimentally affect the individual's health and functioning. While prior studies have indicated an overreliance on habit learning in various addictions, this study is the first to examine its role in WA. 104 adults were categorized into low-risk and high-risk groups for WA based on their scores on the Work Addiction Risk Test.

Facile Synthesis of Pyridyl Rosamines as Potential Photosensitizers.

Rosamines represent one of the most promising groups of xanthene dyes. Their excellent photophysical properties allow their widespread application. Their use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy has recently gained considerable attention.

Novel Coumarin-Substituted Cyclophosphazene as a Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol.

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), commonly known as picric acid (PA), hold widespread application in industries such as dyestuff production, wood preservation, explosives manufacturing, insect control, and photographic development. In this study, the organic-inorganic hybrid 4,4',4″,4‴,4″″,4‴″-((1,3,5,2λ5,4λ5,6λ5-triazatriphosphinine-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexayl)hexakis(oxy))hexakis(2-chromen-2-one) () was synthesized via the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin (4-HC) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). The structure of Cpz-4-HC was fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), H-, C-, and P NMR, and HRMS.

Sequence-dependent predictive coding during the learning and rewiring of skills.

In the constantly changing environment that characterizes our daily lives, the ability to predict and adapt to new circumstances is crucial. This study examines the influence of sequence and knowledge adaptiveness on predictive coding in skill learning and rewiring. Participants were exposed to two different visuomotor sequences with overlapping probabilities.

New Cytotoxic Derivatives by the Phosphorylation and Phosphinoylation of Diethyl α-Amino-α-Aryl-Methylphosphonates.

In order to make available new derivatives, diethyl α-amino-α-aryl-methylphosphonates were subjected to phosphorylation, phosphinoylation and even thiophosphinoylation by reaction with phosphoryl chlorides, diphenylphosphinoyl chloride, and with the mixture of diphenylchlorophosphine and elemental sulfur, respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of the diphenylphosphinoyl and the diphenylthiophosphinoyl derivatives revealed molecular and supramolecular similarities, as well as a few differences too. An essential conformation change, along with packing differences are attributable to a change of one heteroatom: an oxygen for a sulfur in one of the P=X function.

Revitalizing Li-S batteries: the power of electrolyte additives.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have garnered significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage solutions due to their high energy density and cost efficiency. However, the broad adoption of Li-S batteries is impeded by several critical issues. These include the intrinsically low conductivities of sulfur (S) and lithium sulfide (LiS), the polysulfide shuttle effect, and dendrite formation on the lithium (Li) electrode, among other challenges.

Alpha rhythm and Alzheimer's disease: Has Hans Berger's dream come true?

In this "centenary" paper, an expert panel revisited Hans Berger's groundbreaking discovery of human restingstate electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) in 1924, his foresight of substantial clinical applications in patients with "senile dementia," and new developments in the field, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia in pathological aging. Clinical guidelines issued in 2024 by the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the European Neuroscience Societies did not endorse routine use of rsEEG biomarkers in the clinical workup of older adults with cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the expert panel highlighted decades of research from independent workgroups and different techniques showing consistent evidence that abnormalities in rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha rhythms (< 30 Hz) observed in AD patients correlate with wellestablished AD biomarkers of neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline.

Predictors of subjective memory functioning in young adults.

Background: The characteristics of subjective memory and the underlying cause of subjective memory complaints are well-established in the older population, but less is known about memory functioning and self-perceived memory deficiency in young adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential contributing factors of subjective memory complaints in young adults, such as objective cognitive performance, negative affective state, well-being and subjective sleep quality.

Methods: 125 participants over the age of 18 years were recruited in the study (average age was 21 years (SD = 2.

Target Agnostic Photoaffinity Labelling by Sulfonylhydrazones.

Photoaffinity labeling is a widely used methodology for interrogating small molecule-protein interactions. However, these applications are limited by the few photo-crosslinkers that typically modify the affinity and the binding mode of the original ligand. Here, we report the development of new target agnostic photoaffinity warheads, sulfohydrazones that form a reactive carbene upon UV irradiation.

The Effect of Targeted Memory Reactivation on Dogs' Visuospatial Memory.

The role of sleep in memory consolidation is a widely discussed but still debated area of research. In light of the fact that memory consolidation during sleep is an evolutionary adaptive function, investigating the same phenomenon in nonhuman model species is highly relevant for its understanding. One such species, which has acquired human-analog sociocognitive skills through convergent evolution, is the domestic dog.

Studies on a Urea-Complexed Iron(III) Dichromate, a Precursor of Chromium-Rich Nanospinel Catalysts Prepared for the Reductive Transformation of Carbon Dioxide.

Energy-saving and cost-efficient reaction routes to prepare highly active catalysts for CO hydrogenation or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are enormously important. In this paper, we report a detailed study of a dichromate salt of [Fe(urea)], a member of the [(urea)] complex family ( = Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, V, or Ti) with oxidizing anions, which is a promising precursor of a Cr-rich mixed chromium iron oxide catalyst prepared at a low temperature in the solid phase. The single-crystal X-ray structure, various (infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and Raman) spectroscopic studies, and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis/mass spectrometry) of [hexakis(urea-)iron(III)] dichromate {[Fe(urea-O)](CrO)} and its decomposition products confirmed the presence of a quasi-intramolecular redox reaction between the urea ligands and dichromate anions.

MetaAnalysisOnline.com: Web-Based Tool for the Rapid Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Epidemiological Studies.

Background: A meta-analysis is a quantitative, formal study design in epidemiology and clinical medicine that systematically integrates and quantitatively synthesizes findings from multiple independent studies. This approach not only enhances statistical power but also enables the exploration of effects across diverse populations and helps resolve controversies arising from conflicting studies.

Objective: This study aims to develop and implement a user-friendly tool for conducting meta-analyses, addressing the need for an accessible platform that simplifies the complex statistical procedures required for evidence synthesis while maintaining methodological rigor.

CO methanation on Mg-doped Ni-Cu/Co modified mesoporous SiO derived from rice husks.

Mesoporous silica (SiO) was prepared using a simple procedure from rice husks without the application of a template. Incipient wetness impregnation method was employed to prepare magnesium-doped nickel-copper- and nickel-cobalt-containing SiO catalysts. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR-TGA), and NMR and XPS spectroscopies.