Impact of tetracycline on the toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles towards the freshwater algal species, Scenedesmus obliquus.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are the most risk assessed nanoparticles in the aquatic environment due to their increased usage in the various sectors from electronics to consumer products. The natural aquatic system also comprises of numerous toxicants like antibiotics, whose impact on the toxicity of nanoparticles are less assessed. Hence, it is essential to determine the effect of other toxicants on the TiO NP toxicity.

Toxicity and trophic transfer of P25 TiO NPs from Dunaliella salina to Artemia salina: Effect of dietary and waterborne exposure.

The recent increase in nanoparticle (P25 TiO NPs) usage has led to concerns regarding their potential implications on environment and human health. The food chain is the central pathway for nanoparticle transfer from lower to high trophic level organisms. The current study relies on the investigation of toxicity and trophic transfer potential of TiO NPs from marine algae Dunaliella salina to marine crustacean Artemia salina.

In vivo safety evaluation of antibacterial silver chloride nanoparticles from Streptomyces exfoliatus ICN25 in zebrafish embryos.

Silver chloride nanoparticles were synthesized from the cell-free culture supernatant of Streptomyces strain using green synthesis approach with good yield. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, IR, SEM, AFM and XRD techniques. These nanoparticles exhibited broad spectrum of antibacterial activity towards Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin sensitive S.

HR-LC-MS based analysis of two antibacterial metabolites from a marine sponge symbiont Streptomyces pharmamarensis ICN40.

On the effort to screen antibiotics against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an actinomycete strain which can produce bactericidal compound was isolated from a marine sponge of Kanyakumari Coast, India. Two anti-MRSA compounds (PVI401 and PVI402) were isolated from the fermentation plates of Streptomyces pharmamarensis ICN40. TLC bioautography analysis yielded two active spots with Rf value of 0.

A facile gold nanoparticle-based ELISA system for detection of osteopontin in saliva: Towards oral cancer diagnostics.

In the current study, we emphasize that osteopontin is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of osteopontin levels was confirmed by mRNA quantification studies and immunohistochemistry analysis. Based on this, a gold nanoparticle-based ELISA system was developed for non-invasive osteopontin detection.

SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation during phosphate homeostasis in plants: Looking beyond the tip of the iceberg.

Availability of phosphate (Pi) is often limited in rhizospheres in different agroclimatic zones and adversely affects growth and development of plants. To circumvent this impasse, there is an urgent need and global consensus to develop Pi use efficient crops. To achieve this goal, it is essential to identify the molecular entities that exert regulatory influences on the sensing and signaling cascade governing Pi homeostasis.

Toxicity, uptake, and accumulation of nano and bulk cerium oxide particles in Artemia salina.

Although the toxicological impact of metal oxide nanoparticles has been studied for the last few decades on aquatic organisms, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. The fate, behavior, and biological activity of nanoparticles are dependent on physicochemical factors like size, shape, surface area, and stability in the medium. This study deals with the effect of nano and bulk CeO particles on marine microcrustacean, Artemia salina.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Novel Probiotic Bacteria Bacillus vireti 01 on Antioxidant Defence System of Freshwater Prawn Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The aim of the present work was to isolate probiotic bacteria from the intestinal tract of healthy freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and to examine the effect of the isolated probiotic Bacillus vireti 01 in controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. This is probably the first report on the isolation of probiotic B. vireti 01 from the intestine of M.

Partial characterization of a biosurfactant extracted from Pseudomonas sp. B0406 that enhances the solubility of pesticides.

Biodegradation of some organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides is difficult because of their low solubility in water and, therefore, their low bioavailability. To overcome the hydrophobicity problem and the limited pesticide availability, biosurfactants play a major role. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an extract from Pseudomonas sp.

Biological nanopesticides: a greener approach towards the mosquito vector control.

Mosquitoes, being a vector for some potentially dreadful diseases, pose a considerable threat to people all around the world. The control over the growth and propagation of mosquitoes comprises conventional pesticides, insect growth regulators and other microbial control agents. However, the usage of these common chemicals and conventional pesticides eventually has a negative impact on human health as well as the environment, which therefore becomes a major concern.

The stability and fate of synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles in freshwater microcosm system.

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles are used for the degradation of organic compounds and the immobilization of metals and metalloids. The lack of information on the effect of nZVI in freshwater system necessitated the risk assessment of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in lake water environment. The present study deals with the stability and fate of synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the upper and lower layers of freshwater microcosm system at a concentration of 1000 mg L.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles promote HSA fibrillation in vitro.

Physicochemical characterization of CeONPs using UV-vis, FTIR and XRD have confirmed the characteristic identity and fluorite phase of their crystalline nature. The interaction studies between cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) and HSA were investigated using fluorescence emission and synchronous spectra, UV-vis absorbance, FTIR, FT-Raman and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters and Stern-Volmer plot has conveyed the existence of the ground state complex raised due to static quenching.

In planta genotoxicity of nZVI: influence of colloidal stability on uptake, DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell death.

Nanoremediation of soil, ground and surface water using nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) has facilitated their direct environmental exposure posing ecotoxicological concerns. Numerous studies elucidate their phytotoxicity in terms of growth and their fate within the plant system. However, their potential genotoxicity and cytotoxicity mechanisms are not known in plants.

Stability of nano-sized permethrin in its colloidal state and its effect on the physiological and biochemical profile of Culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae.

The occurrence of pesticidal pollution in the environment and the resistance in the mosquito species makes an urge for the safer and an effective pesticide. Permethrin, a poorly water-soluble pyrethroid pesticide, was formulated into a hydrodispersible nanopowder through rapid solvent evaporation of pesticide-loaded oil in water microemulsion. Stability studies confirmed that the nanopermethrin dispersion was stable in paddy field water for 5 days with the mean particle sizes of 175.

Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina.

The present study deals with the toxicity assessment of two differently synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, chemical and biological) as well as Fe ions on Artemia salina at three different initial concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of these particles. The assessment was done till 96 h at time intervals of 24 h. EC value was calculated to evaluate the 50% mortality of Artemia salina at all exposure time durations.

Comparative study on toxicity of ZnO and TiO nanoparticles on Artemia salina: effect of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation.

This study evaluated the toxicity potential of ZnO and TiO nanoparticles under pre-UV-A irradiation and visible light condition on Artemia salina. The nanoparticle suspension was prepared in seawater medium and exposed under pre-UV-A (0.23 mW/cm) and visible light (0.

Toxicity, accumulation, and trophic transfer of chemically and biologically synthesized nano zero valent iron in a two species freshwater food chain.

The impact of bio-remediation agent nZVI on environment is still inadequately understood, especially on aquatic food web. The study presented here has therefore considered both chemical (CS) and biological (BS) synthetic origins of nZVI and their effects on both algae and daphnia. The study is unique in its attempt to explore the possibility of trophic transfer from algae to its immediate higher niche (daphnia as the model).

Significance of surface functionalization of Gold Nanorods for reduced effect on IgG stability and minimization of cytotoxicity.

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) used for biomedical applications could be encountered by biomolecules in the bloodstream, of which IgG is the most abundant antibody. With a view to mitigate their side effect on encountered proteins, the effect of Au concentration (5-40μM) and functionalization (CTAB-positive;PSS-negative; PEG-neutral) of AuNRs was investigated on the stability of a model protein, IgG (1μM). Electron microscopic images and particle size analyses indicated least aggregation behavior for PEG-AuNRs, which can be correlated to their neutral charge (from zeta potential analyses) or stearic hindrance of PEG chains.

Environmental benignity of a pesticide in soft colloidal hydrodispersive nanometric form with improved toxic precision towards the target organisms than non-target organisms.

Mosquito-borne diseases are of major concern as they cause devastating health effects, morbidity, and mortality in the human population. Conventional pesticides have failed to curb the mosquito population due to the development of insensitivity in mosquitoes. Hence, higher dosages of pesticides along with their toxic solubilizers have been employed, which have led to raise in pesticide pollution load, environmental toxicity, and human health concerns.

Role of PAMAM-OH dendrimers against the fibrillation pathway of biomolecules.

The binding behavior of nanoparticle with proteins determines its biocompatibility. This study reports the interaction of ten different biomolecules (proteins-BSA, HSA, haemoglobin, gamma globulin, transferrin and enzymes-hog and bacillus amylase, lysozyme from chicken and human and laccases from Tramates versicolor) with a surface group hydroxylated Poly AMido AMide dendrimer (PAMAM) of generation 5. The study has utilized various spectroscopic methods like UV-vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence emission, Synchronous, 3-D spectroscopy and Circular Dichroism to detect the binding induced structural changes in biomolecules that occur upon interaction with mounting concentration of the dendrimers.

Fluorescence Based Study for Melamine Detection Using Gold Colloidal Solutions.

A comparative study on detection of melamine with different sized citrate capped AuNPs namely 15 nm (AuNPs-I), 30 nm (AuNPs-II), and 40 nm (AuNPs-III) was carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy. The AuNPs emitted strong fluorescence at 421 nm with different intensity at 116.122, 220.

Cytogenetic evaluation of gold nanorods using Allium cepa test.

The current study reveals the impact of gold nanorods (NRs) capped with CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) or PEG (polyethylene glycol) on Allium cepa. The morphology and surface charge of CTAB- and PEG-capped gold NRs were characterized by electron microscopic and zeta potential analyses. The chromosomal aberrations like clumped chromosome, chromosomal break, chromosomal bridge, diagonal anaphase, disturbed metaphase, laggard chromosome, and sticky chromosome were observed in the root tip cells exposed to different concentrations (0.

Stability assessment of hydro dispersive nanometric permethrin and its biosafety study towards the beneficial bacterial isolate from paddy rhizome.

Nanopesticides such as nanopermethrin can serve as an alternative to conventional pesticides causing eco-toxicity. The nanoformulation of this pyrethroid pesticide was carried out by solvent evaporation of pesticide-loaded microemulsion. The Z average for the nanopermethrin dispersion in paddy field water was found to be 169.

Essential oil micro- and nanoemulsions: promising roles in antimicrobial therapy targeting human pathogens.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major health concern worldwide. A narrowing of the antibiotic development pipeline and a resurgence in public opinion towards 'natural' therapies have renewed the interest in using essential oils as antimicrobial agents. The drawbacks of bulk dosing of essential oils can be mitigated by formulating them as micro- and nanoemulsions.