Sex and age-related day-to-day variability in the skin microcirculation during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia.

Introduction: Little is known about the day-to-day variability of different skin microcirculation parameters, and how this variability is influenced by age and sex. The aim was to examine the day-to-day variability of microcirculatory parameters in relation to age and sex.

Methods: The cutaneous microcirculation was measured using a fiber optic probe integrating laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to measure oxygen saturation, red blood cell (RBC) tissue fraction, speed-resolved and conventional perfusion.

Public evidence on AI products for digital pathology.

Novel products applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods to digital pathology images are touted to have many uses and benefits. However, publicly available information for products can be variable, with few sources of independent evidence. This review aimed to identify public evidence for AI-based products for digital pathology.

Clinical Impact of an AI Decision Support System for Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage in CT Scans.

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value and clinical impact of a clinically implemented artificial neural network software model. The software detects intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) from head computed tomography (CT) scans and artificial intelligence (AI)-identified positive cases are then annotated in the work list for early radiologist evaluation. The index test was AI detection by the program Zebra Medical Vision-HealthICH+.

Associations between physical activity and ankle-brachial index: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

Background: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the ankle and brachial systolic blood pressures. In the clinical setting, low ABI (< 0.9) is an indicator of peripheral atherosclerosis, while high ABI (> 1.

Development of a multi-scanner facility for data acquisition for digital pathology artificial intelligence.

Whole slide imaging (WSI) of pathology glass slides using high-resolution scanners has enabled the large-scale application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology, to support the detection and diagnosis of disease, potentially increasing efficiency and accuracy in tissue diagnosis. Despite the promise of AI, it has limitations. 'Brittleness' or sensitivity to variation in inputs necessitates that large amounts of data are used for training.

Life's Essential 8 is inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a score that includes modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure and sleep health) and four health factors (non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure and body mass index) are included. These modifiable risk factors promote inflammation, and inflammation is one of the biological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease development.

Plasma copeptin and markers of arterial disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes, a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: There is currently limited understanding of the relationship between copeptin, the midregional portion of proadrenomedullin (MRproADM) and the midregional fragment of the N-terminal of proatrial natriuretic peptide (MRproANP), and arterial disorders. Toe brachial index (TBI) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) are established parameters for detecting arterial disorders. This study evaluated whether copeptin, MRproADM, and MRproANP were associated with TBI and aPWV in patients with type 2 diabetes with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Artificial intelligence in digital pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.

Ensuring diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) before introduction into clinical practice is essential. Growing numbers of studies using AI for digital pathology have been reported over recent years. The aim of this work is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of AI in digital pathology images for any disease.

Limited angular remodelling after in-situ fixation for slipped capital femoral epiphysis : A study on radiographs from the Swedish pediatric orthopaedic quality registry for SCFE.

Background: In Sweden, most children with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) are operated on with a single smooth pin or a short-threaded screw, allowing further growth of the femoral neck. Using the Swedish Pediatric Orthopaedic Quality registry, SPOQ, we investigated whether angular remodelling occurs adjacent to the proximal femoral epiphysis after fixation of SCFE using implants, allowing continued growth of the femoral neck.

Methods: During 2008-2010 a total national population of 155 children were reported to the SPOQ registry.

Body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy and cardiovascular health in middle age: A cohort study.

Objective: To examine associations between body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) with cardiovascular health in middle age using the 'Life's Essential 8' (LE8) concept of the American Heart Association (AHA).

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

MRI with generalized diffusion encoding reveals damaged white matter in patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 and with persisting symptoms at follow-up.

There is mounting evidence of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the central nervous system, with patients experiencing diverse symptoms, often suggesting brain involvement. Conventional brain MRI of these patients shows unspecific patterns, with no clear connection of the symptomatology to brain tissue abnormalities, whereas diffusion tensor studies and volumetric analyses detect measurable changes in the brain after COVID-19. Diffusion MRI exploits the random motion of water molecules to achieve unique sensitivity to structures at the microscopic level, and new sequences employing generalized diffusion encoding provide structural information which are sensitive to intravoxel features.

Life's Essential 8 and Life's Simple 7 in Relation to Coronary Atherosclerosis: Results From the Population-Based SCAPIS Project.

Objective: To examine the associations between the American Heart Association scores ("Life's Essential 8" [LE8] and "Life's Simple 7" [LS7]) and 2 subclinical coronary atherosclerosis indicators: coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)-stenosis and coronary artery calcium (CAC).

Patients And Methods: We included a population-based sample, aged 50 to 64 years, recruited between 2013 and 2018 from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (n=24,819, 50.3% women).

Magnetically controlled growing rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis: analysis of 52 consecutive cases demonstrates improvement of coronal deformity.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report the radiographic results and complications of magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) treatment in patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

Methods: Patient records and radiographs from a consecutive series of patients treated with MCGR for EOS at two Swedish institutions were reviewed retrospectively. Radiographic analysis included Cobb angle, T1-T12 height, T1-S1 height, thoracic kyphosis, and lung height.

Liver Investigation: Testing Marker Utility in Steatohepatitis (LITMUS): Assessment & validation of imaging modality performance across the NAFLD spectrum in a prospectively recruited cohort study (the LITMUS imaging study): Study protocol.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome with global prevalence reaching epidemic levels. Despite the high disease burden in the population only a small proportion of those with NAFLD will develop progressive liver disease, for which there is currently no approved pharmacotherapy. Identifying those who are at risk of progressive NAFLD currently requires a liver biopsy which is problematic.

Self-Reporting Theranostic: Nano Tool for Arterial Thrombosis.

Arterial thrombosis (AT) originates through platelet-mediated thrombus formation in the blood vessel and can lead to heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. Restricting the thrombus growth and its simultaneous monitoring by visualisation is an unmet clinical need for a better AT prognosis. As a proof-of-concept, we have engineered a nanoparticle-based theranostic (combined therapy and monitoring) platform that has the potential to monitor and restrain the growth of a thrombus concurrently.

Arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries at different stages of dysglycaemia.

Aim: Our aim was to investigate in a large population-based cohort study whether increased arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries differ at different stages of dysglycaemia.

Methods: Data were obtained from SCAPIS, a population-based cohort of participants 50-64 years. The study population of 9379 participants was categorised according to glycaemic status: normoglycaemic, pre-diabetes (fasting glucose: 6.

Low prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in the general Swedish population: Results from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) in the general Swedish middle-aged population. To address this aim, we utilised data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) which is a large Swedish population-based study (=30,154) that combined comprehensive state-of-the-art imaging technology with clinical examinations and included all iCVH components. A total iCVH score was calculated as the number of iCVH metrics at an ideal level for the seven components and classified as: ideal (⩾5 ideal components), intermediate (3-4 ideal components) and poor (⩽2 ideal components).

Survey of liver pathologists to assess attitudes towards digital pathology and artificial intelligence.

Aims: A survey of members of the UK Liver Pathology Group (UKLPG) was conducted, comprising consultant histopathologists from across the UK who report liver specimens and participate in the UK National Liver Pathology External Quality Assurance scheme. The aim of this study was to understand attitudes and priorities of liver pathologists towards digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods: The survey was distributed to all full consultant members of the UKLPG via email.

Computed tomography-measured body composition and survival in rectal cancer patients: a Swedish cohort study.

Background: The association between body composition and survival in rectal cancer patients is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT)-measured body composition on survival in rectal cancer patients, stratifying our analyses by sex, tumour location, tumour stage and radiotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 173 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

Reporting of Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in Pathology Abstracts: Compliance with STARD for Abstracts Guidelines.

Artificial intelligence (AI) research is transforming the range tools and technologies available to pathologists, leading to potentially faster, personalized and more accurate diagnoses for patients. However, to see the use of tools for patient benefit and achieve this safely, the implementation of any algorithm must be underpinned by high quality evidence from research that is understandable, replicable, usable and inclusive of details needed for critical appraisal of potential bias. Evidence suggests that reporting guidelines can improve the completeness of reporting of research, especially with good awareness of guidelines.

Fibromyalgia: Associations Between Fat Infiltration, Physical Capacity, and Clinical Variables.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of fibromyalgia (FM) and generally most studies report increased Body Mass Index (BMI) in FM. Obesity in FM is associated with a worse clinical presentation. FM patients have low physical conditioning and obesity further exacerbates these aspects.