'Dancing with emotions': An Interpretive Descriptive study of facilitators recognition and response to students' emotions during simulation.

Introduction: Immersive simulations can evoke a range of emotions in students. However, little is known about how facilitators recognise and respond to students' emotions during simulations. This study aims to understand how simulation facilitators perceive and respond to students' emotions during simulation-in order to optimise learning.

Validation of arteriovenous access stage (AVAS) classification: a prospective, international multicentre study.

Background: The arteriovenous access stage (AVAS) classification provides evaluation of upper extremity vessels for vascular access (VA) suitability. It divides patients into classes within three main groups: suitable for native fistula (AVAS1) or prosthetic graft (AVAS2), and patients not suitable for conventional native or prosthetic VA (AVAS3). We validated this system on a prospective dataset.

How do medical students' expectations shape their experiences of well-being programmes?

Introduction: Medical schools have a duty of care to support their students' health and well-being. Student support studies have tended to focus on outcomes in respect of effectiveness and satisfaction. In contrast, little is known about how student expectations of support may shape their experiences and engagement with support mechanisms, as well as the relationships students have with those offering support (including the institution itself).

Undergraduate acute care clinical competencies for managing acute care cases in adult patients within a South African in-hospital environment: A modified Delphi Study.

Introduction: With the increase of global population, there has been an increased demand for acute care services both locally and globally. In the absence of an acute care competency-based curriculum in South Africa, this study sought to identify the core competencies required by undergraduate medical students to safely manage adult patients within an acute care setting in a South African hospital environment.

Methodology: The modified Delphi study comprised of three rounds.

How I Do It: Process Control in Medical Student Experiences of Surgery.

Objective: Extreme variation exists in teaching and clinical exposure for medical students, both from specialty-to-specialty but also between universities. There is mounting literature highlighting the need to reform and standardize surgical education to allow for unified graduate competency. In line with the recommendations from the GMC and the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCSEng), Queens University Belfast (QUB) significantly revised their undergraduate medical programme.

The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) used as the benchmark in validation of 101 quality-of-life instruments: A systematic review.

Background: The validation of psychometric measures requires use of other established and standardized validated measures. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) is the most widely used tool to measure the burden of skin diseases and assess effectiveness of interventions based on patients' perspective.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to systematically analyse peer-reviewed publications describing use of the DLQI in validation of other patient-reported outcome (PRO) and quality-of-life (QoL) measures.

Ethnic Diversity and Distinctive Features of Familial Versus Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Insights From the UK FCS National Registry.

Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. This study aimed to study the genotype distribution of FCS-causing genes in the United Kingdom, genotype-phenotype correlation, and clinical differences between FCS and multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS).

Methods: The study included 154 patients (FCS, 74; MCS, 80) from the UK FCS national registry and the UK arm of the FCS International Quality Improvement and Service Evaluation Project.

Understanding Residents' and Supervisors' Views on Developing Support-Autonomy Balance Through Supervision Methods in Postgraduate Dental Training: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Supervisors continuously need to decide when to provide clinical opportunities for unsupervised patient care to facilitate residents' development in the complex clinical learning context. The aim of this study is to explore residents' and supervisors' views and understanding of the influence of clinical supervision on affording a balanced support-autonomy from the cognitive apprenticeship (CA) theoretical lens.

Methods: Residents and supervisors, representing all disciplines, participated in five focus groups and four semi-structured individual interviews.

How can we use distance education to teach medicine in conflict-affected countries?

Rates of global conflict have increased by over 40% from 2020 to 2023, increasing the demands on healthcare systems and impacting healthcare training, education and workforce. There is a need for innovative educational support from the international community. Distance education is a sustainable avenue that is not as contingent on travel, political, or financial restrictions.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Impact on Quality of Life (QoL) of Persons with ME/CFS.

: We previously reported on the impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) on the QoL of persons with ME/CFS and their family members. Here, we present the findings of the impact on the QoL of individuals with ME/CFS whose family members did not participate in the survey. : A prospective multinational online survey was disseminated via patient charities, support groups and social media.

Beyond Anticoagulation: A Comprehensive Review of Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) in Inflammation and Protease-Activated Receptor Signaling.

Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have revolutionized anticoagulant therapy, offering improved safety and efficacy over traditional agents like warfarin. This review comprehensively examines the dual roles of NOACs-apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran-not only as anticoagulants, but also as modulators of inflammation via protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling. We highlight the unique pharmacotherapeutic properties of each NOAC, supported by key clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in preventing thromboembolic events.

Cross-cultural validation of the genetic counseling outcome scale in Korea.

The Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS-24) was developed to measure patient-reported outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic counseling and testing services. In the current study, the Korean version of GCOS (K-GCOS) was developed to reflect the sociocultural characteristics of Korea, and its clinical applicability was assessed. Overall, 231 Koreans, including patients with genetic diseases and their family members, participated and completed the K-GCOS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).

"Someone to talk to": A qualitative study of oncology trainees' experience of mentorship around moral distress.

Background: Moral distress is an intrinsic part of healthcare, particularly prevalent in oncology practitioners. Previous studies have suggested mentorship may play a role in combatting moral distress; however, there is a lack of good evidence aimed at understanding trainees' experience with either mentorship or moral distress, including the intersection between the two.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre study in the hermeneutic phenomenological approach at a Canadian academic cancer centre.

'Having skin in the game': guiding principles for incorporating moulage into OSCEs.

Background: Dermatological conditions are a common reason for patients to seek healthcare advice. However, they are often under-represented in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). Given the visual nature of skin conditions, simulation is suited to recreate such skin conditions in assessments such as OSCEs.

Association between JAK2 variable allele frequency and risk of thrombotic events in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of chronic disorders of the bone marrow characterised by the overproduction of clonal myeloid stem cells. The most common driver mutation found in MPNs is a point mutation on exon 14 of the JAK2 gene, JAK2. Various studies have suggested that measuring the variable allele frequency (VAF) of JAK2 may provide useful insight regarding diagnosis, treatment, risks and outcomes in MPN patients.

Power failure; an uncomfortable teaching initiative?

Background: Introducing medical students to the concept of Cultural Humility, we devised a teaching initiative for students to consider how power manifests through the use of language in clinical communication, with a focus on General Practice. Cultural Humility is a pedagogical framework, introduced by Tervalon and Murray-Garcia, to address what they consider as the limitations of the Cultural Competence model.

Approach: Our teaching initiative specifically focused on power in clinical communication, both oral consultations and written notes.

Exploring constructions of female surgeons' intersecting identities and their impacts: a qualitative interview study with clinicians and patients in Ireland and Scotland.

Introduction: While many studies have explored surgeons' personal and professional identities separately, our study is the first to examine intersecting female surgical identities. We explore intersecting surgical identities constructed by self and others (colleagues and patients) within two healthcare systems and their perceived impacts answering the research question: How do female surgeons' constructed identities intersect, and what influences do those intersections have on their surgical lives?

Methods: We employed qualitative methodology drawing on semi-structured biographical narrative interviews underpinned by social constructionism. We employed intersectionality theory as an analytical lens.

Understanding cultural dynamics shaping clinical reasoning skills: A dialogical exploration.

Our study examined the influence of national cultural predispositions on training medical professionals and doctor-patient dynamics using a dialogical approach, guided by Hofstede's framework. This framework provided valuable insights into how cultural tendencies shape the learning and application of clinical reasoning skills in different cultural contexts. We found that dimensions such as power distance and individualism versus collectivism significantly influenced clinical reasoning, while other dimensions had more nuanced effects.

A phenomenological exploration of experience of Syrian dentists with online Course "Traumatic dental injuries".

Background: Several learning modalities have been implemented to improve learning about Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) worldwide. Free online courses about TDIs might be an effective and convenient approach for equipping Syrian dentists with essential competencies during the Syrian crisis. Therefore, this qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological method was undertaken to explore the lived experience of Syrian dentists enrolled in an online course about TDIs and investigate areas requiring improvement.

Enabling and inhibiting doctors transitions: introducing the social identity resource and belonginess model (SIRB).

The transition into postgraduate medical training is complex, requiring an integration into the workplace, adjustment to new identities, and understanding of the social and organisational structure of healthcare. Studies suggest that social resources, including a sense of belonging, inclusivity from social groups, and having strong social identities can facilitate positive transitions. However, little is known about the role these resources play in junior doctors' transitions into the healthcare community.

Intervention at an early threshold for post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Very few adequately powered studies exploring early thresholds for intervention in the management of post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) in preterm infants have identified consistent neurodevelopmental advantages at 12-30 months. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of early versus conservative thresholds for intervention, primarily aimed at normalizing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, in the management of PHVD in preterm infants.

Methods: Multiple databases were searched for eligible papers, and prospective randomized trials involving preterm infants were selected.

Treatment of a STAT5b::RARα positive case of APL in a patient not eligible for intensive chemotherapy.

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with a STAT5b::RARα gene fusion is an extremely rare subtype of APL characterised by resistance to conventional therapies and extremely poor prognosis. This case highlights that whilst APL with variant RARα translocations are rare, they do pose significant challenges both diagnostically and in their clinical management. This case, in the first instance, demonstrates the importance of using a combination of molecular techniques including next generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnosis particularly in morphological and immunophenotypic typical APL which appears negative by confirmatory testing.

Advancing cough research: Methodological insights into cough challenge in guinea pig models using double chamber vs whole-body plethysmography.

Objective: This study compares two methods of citric acid-induced cough in guinea pigs in whole-body plethysmography (WBP) and double chamber plethysmography (DCP) to evaluate their efficacy.

Methods: Sixteen specific pathogen-free (SPF) and sixteen conventionally-bred (CON) animals were exposed to 0.4 M citric acid aerosol.