Novel prospects in targeting neurodegenerative disorders via autophagy.

Protein aggregation occurs as a consequence of dysfunction in the normal cellular proteostasis, which leads to the accumulation of toxic fibrillar aggregates of certain proteins in the cell. Enhancing the activity of proteolytic pathways may serve as a way of clearing these aggregates in a cell, and consequently, autophagy has surfaced as a promising target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Several strategies involving small molecule compounds that stimulate autophagic pathway of cell have been discovered.

Role of MTH1 in oxidative stress and therapeutic targeting of cancer.

Cancer cells maintain high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to drive their growth, but ROS can trigger cell death through oxidative stress and DNA damage. To survive enhanced ROS levels, cancer cells activate their antioxidant defenses. One such defense is MTH1, an enzyme that prevents the incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA, thus preventing DNA damage and allowing cancer to proliferate.

Hispolon-loaded lipid nanocapsules for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparative study with solid lipid nanoparticles and suspension.

The present study aims to develop, optimize and assess hispolon (HPN) lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and suspension for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It included UPLC-MS/MS, solubility, optimization, characterization, stability, and studies. HPN-loaded LNCs were developed using phase-inversion and temperature cycling, while SLNs and suspension using hot homogenization and trituration methods.

An insight into impact of nanomaterials toxicity on human health.

In recent years, advances in nanotechnology have significantly influenced electronics manufacturing, industrial processes, and medical research. Various industries have seen a surge in the use of nanomaterials. However, several researchers have raised the alarm about the toxicological nature of nanomaterials, which appear to be quite different from their crude forms.

Pharmacological Features and Therapeutic Implications of Plumbagin in Cancer and Metabolic Disorders: A Narrative Review.

Plumbagin (PLB) is a naphthoquinone extracted from . In recent times, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential importance of naphthoquinones, both natural and artificial, in the pharmacological world. Numerous studies have indicated that PLB plays a vital role in combating cancers and other disorders.

Recent advancement in understanding of Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors, subtypes, and drug targets and potential therapeutics.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant neocortical degenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and secondary alterations in white matter tracts. Understanding the risk factors and mechanisms underlying AD is crucial for developing effective treatments. The risk factors associated with AD encompass a wide range of variables, including gender differences, family history, and genetic predispositions.

Aldehydes alter TGF-β signaling and induce obesity and cancer.

Obesity and fatty liver diseases-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-affect over one-third of the global population and are exacerbated in individuals with reduced functional aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), observed in approximately 560 million people. Current treatment to prevent disease progression to cancer remains inadequate, requiring innovative approaches. We observe that Aldh2 and Aldh2Sptbn1 mice develop phenotypes of human metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MASH with accumulation of endogenous aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE).

Turner Syndrome where are we?

Turner syndrome (TS) results from the loss of one X chromosome in phenotypic females, leading to a range of complications such as short stature, cardiovascular issues, autoimmune disorders, metabolic imbalances, osteoporosis, neurocognitive deficits, hearing loss, abnormalities in endocrine functions, infertility, disruptions in bone metabolism, and neurocognitive deficits. These diverse clinical manifestations necessitate a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Growth hormone therapy stands out as a fundamental treatment for addressing the challenges associated with TS.

Enriching Anticancer Drug Pipeline with Potential Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-8 Identified from Natural Products.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is highly expressed in various cancers and common complex human diseases, and an important therapeutic target for drug discovery and development. The CDK8 inhibitors are actively sought after, especially among natural products. We performed a virtual screening using the ZINC library comprising approximately 90,000 natural compounds.

Unraveling the molecular pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and its impact on female infertility: A bioinformatics and systems biology approach.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been linked with female infertility (FI). Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular hallmarks and underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This research article aimed to find the hub genes, pathways, transcription factors, and miRNA involved.

Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The review explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and summarizes current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy.

Interaction between antidepressant drug trazodone with double-stranded DNA: Multi-spectroscopic and computational analysis.

Trazodone (TZD) is an antidepressant drug used to treat major depressive and sleeping disorders. Elevated doses of trazodone are associated with central nervous system depression, which manifests as nausea, drowsiness, confusion, vertigo, exhaustion, etc. To develop a clinically viable active pharmaceutical compound with minimal adverse effects, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive knowledge of the drug's action mechanism on DNA.

Identification of novel biomarkers and potential molecular targets for uterine cancer using network-based approach.

A better understanding of incidences at the cellular level in uterine cancer is necessary for its effective treatment and favourable prognosis. Till date, it lacks appropriate molecular target-based treatment because of unknown molecular mechanisms that proceed to cancer and no drug has shown the required results of treatment with less severe side effects. Uterine Cancer is one of the top five cancer diagnoses and among the ten most common death-causing cancer in the United States of America.

Interaction of plant phenol vanillin with human hemoglobin: A spectroscopic and molecular docking study.

Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde widely used as a flavouring agent in the food industry. Vanillin has many health benefits and has gained attention in pharmacological industries also, due to its antioxidant properties and non-toxic nature. The interaction of vanillin with human hemoglobin (hHb), an abundant tetrameric heme protein, was investigated by several spectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling methods.

Plant bioactive compounds driven microRNAs (miRNAs): A potential source and novel strategy targeting gene and cancer therapeutics.

Irrespective of medical technology improvements, cancer ranks among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Although numerous cures and treatments exist, creating alternative cancer therapies with fewer adverse side effects is vital. Since ancient times, plant bioactive compounds have already been used as a remedy to heal cancer.

Targeting prostate cancer via therapeutic targeting of PIM-1 kinase by Naringenin and Quercetin.

PIM-1 kinase belongs to the Ser/Thr kinases family, an attractive therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Here, we screened about 100 natural substances to find potential PIM-1 inhibitors. Two natural compounds, Naringenin and Quercetin, were finally selected based on their PIM-1 inhibitory potential and binding affinities.

Investigating Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 3 Inhibitory Potential of Myricetin Using Integrated Computational and Spectroscopic Approaches.

Protein kinases are involved in various diseases and currently represent potential targets for drug discovery. These kinases play major roles in regulating the cellular machinery and control growth, homeostasis, and cell signaling. Dysregulation of kinase expression is associated with various disorders such as cancer and neurodegeneration.

Thymoquinone, artemisinin, and thymol attenuate proliferation of lung cancer cells as Sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitors.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) formed via catalytic actions of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) behaves as a pro-survival substance and activates downstream target molecules associated with various pathologies, including initiation, inflammation, and progression of cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the SphK1 inhibitory potentials of thymoquinone (TQ), Artemisinin (AR), and Thymol (TM) for the therapeutic management of lung cancer. We implemented docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, enzyme inhibition assay, and fluorescence measurement studies to estimate binding affinity and SphK1 inhibitory potential of TQ, AR, and TM.

Association of diabetes mellitus with risk of reproductive impairment in females: A comprehensive review.

Reproductive impairment is the most prevalent yet most ignored complication of diabetes mellitus. In diabetes, the problem associated with reproductive health is comprehensive in both males and females. Diabetic females have problems like delayed menarche, irregular menstrual cycle, subfertility, complications in pregnancy and early menopause.