Multimorbidity latent classes in relation to 11-year mortality, risk factors and health-related quality of life in Malaysia: a prospective health and demographic surveillance system study.

Background: We aimed to identify specific multimorbidity latent classes among multi-ethnic community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 18 years in Malaysia. We further explored the risk factors associated with these patterns and examined the relationships between the multimorbidity patterns and 11-year all-cause mortality risk, as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: Using data from 18,101 individuals (aged 18-97 years) from the baseline Census 2012, Health Round 2013, and Verbal Autopsies 2012-2023 of the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) health and demographic surveillance system, latent class analysis was performed on 13 chronic health conditions to identify statistically and clinically meaningful groups.

Compliance of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies to Good Manufacturing Practices in Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Systems: The Case of Local Ethiopian Firms.

Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is a part of quality management that maintains product quality and manages it according to the criteria of fitness for use. The heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system comprises the equipment, technology, and procedure that ensure product quality through maintaining heat, ventilation, and coolness of pharmaceutical manufacturing firms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the GMP compliance of HVAC systems and assess the opportunities and challenges of improving these systems in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Ethiopia.

Experience and perceptions of mental ill-health in people with epilepsy in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Understanding the lived experience of mental health and illness in people with epilepsy has been little investigated in Africa and yet is essential to inform person-centered care. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences mental ill-health in the contexts of the lives of people with epilepsy in rural Ethiopia.

Methods: A phenomenological approach was employed using in-depth individual interviews with PWE.

Innovative technologies to address neglected tropical diseases in African settings with persistent sociopolitical instability.

The health, economic, and social burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Africa remains substantial, with elimination efforts hindered by persistent sociopolitical instability, including ongoing conflicts among political and ethnic groups that lead to internal displacement and migration. Here, we explore how innovative technologies can support Africa in addressing NTDs amidst such instability, through analysis of WHO and UNHCR data and a systematic literature review. Countries in Africa facing sociopolitical instability also bear a high burden of NTDs, with the continent ranking second globally in NTD burden (33%, 578 million people) and first in internal displacement (50%, 31.

Digital continuous glucose monitoring systems for patients with HIV-diabetes comorbidity in Ethiopia: a situational analysis.

In patients with HIV-diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity, invasive blood glucose testing can increase the risk of HIV-related blood contamination and discourage regular glucose monitoring. Digital continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may allow real-time glucose monitoring without the need for blood specimens. However, in high-burden HIV-DM countries, current glucose monitoring practices and their challenges are insufficiently explored to guide digital CGM research and developments.

Durlobactam to boost the clinical utility of standard of care β-lactams against lung disease.

β-Lactams present several desirable pharmacodynamic features leading to the rapid eradication of many bacterial pathogens. Imipenem (IPM) and cefoxitin (FOX) are injectable β-lactams recommended during the intensive treatment phase of pulmonary infections caused by (Mab). However, their potency against Mab is many-fold lower than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens for which they were optimized, putting into question their clinical utility.

Intimate partner violence against women among contraceptive users at a primary health care setting in Southern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.

Background: One in three women experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) worldwide which has remained major public health challenge. Women's reproductive health service utilization has been seriously impacted by IPV. There is a paucity of evidence on the magnitude of IPV among contraceptive users in southern Ethiopia.

Mapping lymphatic filariasis morbidities in 24 endemic districts of Ethiopia through the health extension program.

Background: The primary strategy for achieving the second goal of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP), aimed at alleviating the suffering of affected populations. A significant challenge in many LF-endemic areas is the effective registration and identification of individuals with LF, which is crucial for planning and ensuring access to MMDP services. This study seeks to map the geographical distribution of LF-related morbidities across 24 endemic districts in Ethiopia.

Multidrug tolerance conferred by loss-of-function mutations in anti-sigma factor RshA of .

Low-level drug resistance in noncanonical pathways can constitute steppingstones toward acquisition of high-level on-target resistance mutations in the clinic. To capture these intermediate steps in (Mab), we performed classic mutant selection experiments with moxifloxacin at twofold its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on solid medium. We found that low-level resistance emerged reproducibly as loss-of-function mutations in RshA (MAB_3542c), an anti-sigma factor that negatively regulates activity of SigH, which orchestrates a response to oxidative stress in mycobacteria.

Impaired glomerular filtration rate and associated factors among diabetic mellitus patients with hypertension in referral hospitals, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.

Impaired glomerular filtration rate is common health problem in diabetic mellitus patients (DM) with hypertension (HTN). It is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and poor quality of life. There is limited data on the prevalence and associated factors of impaired glomerular filtration among diabetic mellitus patients with hypertension in Ethiopia.

Symptomatic vascular ring due to double aortic arch: A report of two cases.

Vascular ring anomalies, represented mainly by the double aortic arch (DAA), account for about 1% of congenital cardiovascular anomalies and are characterized by tracheoesophageal compression due to encircling vascular or ligamentous structures. These anomalies arise from the failure of the right fourth aortic arch to regress during embryonic development, leading to symptoms ranging from respiratory distress to dysphagia. Diagnostic imaging includes chest radiography, CT, MRI, and echocardiography, each with specific considerations, especially in pediatric patients.

Researchers experience and views on participants' comprehension of informed consent in clinical trials in Malawi: a descriptive qualitative study.

Background: Informed consent is the cornerstone of research ethics. One of its goals is that participants enter research with an understanding of what their participation entails. This paper is a study on how researchers understand the informed consent process.

Challenges and opportunities of translating animal research into human trials in Ethiopia.

Background And Objectives: Although the goal of translational research is to bring biomedical knowledge from the laboratory to clinical trial and therapeutic products for improving health, this goal has not been well achieved as often as desired because of many barriers documented in different countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of translating animal research into human trials in Ethiopia.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study, using in-depth interviews, was conducted in which preclinical and clinical trial researchers who have been involved in animal research or clinical trials as principal investigator were involved.

Quality assessment of common anti-malarial medicines marketed in Gambella, National Regional State, South Western-Ethiopia.

Background: Over the past years, there has been a growing concern that a considerable amount of anti-malarial supply in the underdeveloped world particularly in the private sector, is of poor quality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has received about 1500 reports that mentions instances of substandard and falsified products since 2013. The majority of the reports concerned antibiotics and anti-malarials.

Efficacy and safety of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials update.

Background: Most people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) need treatment to help reduce the risk of liver disease and limit disease transmission. Therapeutic vaccine (TV) candidates have been under study for their clinical effects on inducing HBV-specific host immune responses. This review aimed to systematically synthesize updated evidence on the efficacy and safety of TVs in patients with CHB.

The unmet mental health needs of adolescents with HIV in eastern Tanzania: Experiences of healthcare providers, adolescents, and caregivers.

Adolescents with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at greater risk for mental health problems than their HIV-negative counterparts. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the need for mental health services, including interventions for depression in adolescents with HIV (AWHIV), in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study's objective was to explore the unmet mental health needs of AWHIV to inform the development and implementation of a psychological intervention for depression in AWHIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Short-Term Training, a Useful Approach for Sustainable Pharmacovigilance Knowledge Development in Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and Rwanda.

Continuous professional development among stakeholders involved in drug safety monitoring and surveillance is imperative in strengthening pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. The "Pharmacovigilance infrastructure and post-marketing surveillance system capacity building for regional medicine regulatory harmonization in East Africa" (PROFORMA) project aims to enhance the national PV infrastructure, post-marketing surveillance systems and clinical trial regulatory capabilities in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya and Rwanda. To achieve this, training, including short-term training (STT) activities, at various levels is required.

Post-marketing quality surveillance of selected antibacterial agents marketed in porous borders; the case of Ethiopia-Sudan-Eritrea border.

Background: The presence of poor-quality medicines is becoming a public health threat in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. Antibiotics are among the most common anti-infective medicines that are highly prone to this problem.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of selected antibacterials that are marketed in Setit Humera and West Gondar Zones, North West Ethiopia, which are located on the Ethiopian side of the Ethiopia-Sudan-Eritrea border.

Incidence and predictors of attrition from HIV treatment among adults living with HIV in high-caseload facilities following implementation of universal test and treat strategy in Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The introduction of universal test and treat (UTT) strategy has demonstrated a reduction in attrition in some low-resource settings. UTT was introduced in Ethiopia in 2016. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and predictors of attrition from HIV treatment in Ethiopia.

Workplace gender-based violence among female staff in public higher education institutions in eastern Ethiopia: Institution-based cross-sectional study.

Despite the global and local efforts, gender-based violence at workplaces has remained a major public health challenge and pervasive human rights violation worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research evidence on gender-based violence in higher educational institutions (HEIs). The main aim of this study was to assess workplace gender-based violence and its associated factors among female staff in public HEIs in eastern Ethiopia.

Emerging technologies in pediatric radiology: current developments and future prospects.

Radiological imaging is a crucial diagnostic tool for the pediatric population. However, it is associated with several unique challenges in this age group compared to adults. These challenges mainly come from the fact that children are not small-sized adults and differ in development, anatomy, physiology, and pathology compared to adults.