15-year Borrelia prevalence and species distribution monitoring in Ixodes ricinus/inopinatus populations in the city of Hanover, Germany.

Lyme borreliosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochaetes, is the most common tick-borne disease (TBD) in the Northern Hemisphere.

colistin resistance gene sharing between from cohabiting dogs and humans, Lisbon, Portugal, 2018 to 2020.

BackgroundThe emergence of colistin resistance is a One Health antimicrobial resistance challenge worldwide. The close contact between companion animals and humans creates opportunities for transmission and dissemination of colistin-resistant bacteria.AimTo detect potential animal reservoirs of colistin-resistant and investigate the possible sharing of these bacteria between dogs, cats and their cohabiting humans in the community in Lisbon, Portugal.

Effects of adult and their antigens (total and trans-cuticular excretory-secretory antigen, cuticular somatic antigen) on intestinal nutrient transport .

constitutes a major problem in commercial pig farming worldwide. Lower weight gains in infected pigs probably result from impaired nutrient absorption. This study investigated intestinal nutrient transport in 4 groups of 6 pigs each, which were inoculated with 30 living adult , or antigen fractions consisting of (1) total excretory–secretory (ES) antigens of adult worms, (2) ES antigens secreted exclusively from the parasites' body surface (trans-cuticular ES) and (3) cuticular somatic antigens of , compared to placebo-treated controls.

Short-time cold atmospheric pressure plasma exposure can kill all life stages of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, under laboratory conditions.

In the present study, the acaricidal effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on poultry red mites of different developmental stages have been investigated under laboratory conditions using a dielectric barrier discharge system. A total of 1890 poultry red mites and 90 mite eggs, respectively, were exposed to the plasma under various parameter settings with a single plasma pulse generated using the gas mixture of the ambient air at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that all developmental stages of the poultry red mite could be killed by cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.

Characterization of a genomic Island carrying the (X4) gene in porcine co-harboring plasmid-borne and genes.

Tigecycline and carbapenems are last-resort antimicrobial agents to treat serious infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. However, the co-occurrence of tigecycline and carbapenem resistance determinants challenges the clinical efficacy of these antimicrobial agents. In this study, we report the co-existence of (X4), and genes in the porcine isolate 19110F47.

Potentials and challenges in the isolation and detection of ascarid eggs in complex environmental matrices.

Ascarid infections constitute a major concern for both human and animal health risk assessment. Although being effectively transmitted by soil, water and contaminated food, reliable detection of ascarid eggs in environmental media often remains challenging. However, contamination of the environment with ascarid ova has gained more attention as a decisive part of proper risk assessment in recent years.

Tolerability of Atovaquone-Proguanil Application in Common Buzzard Nestlings.

Differences in drug tolerability among vertebrate groups and species can create substantial challenges for wildlife and ex situ conservation programmes. Knowledge of tolerance in the use of new drugs is, therefore, important to avoid severe toxicity in species, which are both commonly admitted in veterinary clinics and are of conservation concern. Antimalarial drugs have been developed for use in human medicine, but treatment with different agents has also long been used in avian medicine, as haemosporidian infections play a major role in many avian species.

Efficacy of two topical combinations containing emodepside plus praziquantel, and emodepside plus praziquantel plus tigolaner, for the treatment of troglostrongylosis in experimentally infected cats.

Feline troglostrongylosis caused by is increasingly reported in European countries. Although the disease can be severe and potentially life-threatening, especially in kittens and young cats, effective treatment options are still limited. Two administrations of emodepside 2 weeks apart have shown promising results for the treatment of infection in single cases and in a field trial.

Oxazolidinones: mechanisms of resistance and mobile genetic elements involved.

The oxazolidinones (linezolid and tedizolid) are last-resort antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of severe infections in humans caused by MDR Gram-positive bacteria. They bind to the peptidyl transferase centre of the bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis. Even if the majority of Gram-positive bacteria remain susceptible to oxazolidinones, resistant isolates have been reported worldwide.

Excision and integration of unconventional circularizable structures involving the erm(B) gene in enterococci.

Traditionally, insertion sequences (ISs) play a major role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria through transposition and translocation, forming regions that contain multiple ARGs flanked by single or multiple copies of IS. In addition, unconventional circularizable structures (UCSs), lacking recombinase genes but being surrounded by directly repeated sequences (DRs) of various sizes which do not contain transposase genes, were reported to be involved in the dissemination of ARGs. In this study, a novel UCS was identified on plasmid pE508-2 in E.

A virulence factor as a therapeutic: the probiotic SF68 arginine deiminase inhibits innate immune signaling pathways.

The probiotic bacterial strain SF68 has been shown to alleviate symptoms of intestinal inflammation in human clinical trials and animal feed supplementation studies. To identify factors involved in immunomodulatory effects on host cells, SF68 and other commensal and clinical isolates were screened using intestinal epithelial cell lines harboring reporter fusions for NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) activation to determine the responses of host cell innate immune signaling pathways when challenged with bacterial protein and cell components. Cell-free, whole-cell lysates of SF68 showed a reversible, inhibitory effect on both NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) signaling pathway activation in intestinal epithelial cells and abrogated the response to bacterial and other Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands.

Dictyocaulus viviparus bulk tank milk seropositivity is correlated with meteorological variables.

Control of infections with Dictyocaulus viviparus is difficult due to its volatile epidemiology. In the absence of predictive models, 'vigilance and treatment' is today's mainstay for control. In order to evaluate the potential of predictive model development to support a more preventative approach, this longitudinal study aimed at understanding the influence of weather factors on D.

Draft Genome Sequences of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains DSMZ 8862 and DSMZ 8866, Used as Feed Additives.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains DSMZ 8862 and DSMZ 8866, which are currently being used as authorized feed additives in the European Union under regulation (EC) number 1831/2003. The draft genome sequences contain 3,334 kbp (DSMZ 8862) and 2,992 kbp (DSMZ 8866) in 15 and 8 contigs, respectively.

A machine learning approach using partitioning around medoids clustering and random forest classification to model groups of farms in regard to production parameters and bulk tank milk antibody status of two major internal parasites in dairy cows.

Fasciola hepatica and Ostertagia ostertagi are internal parasites of cattle compromising physiology, productivity, and well-being. Parasites are complex in their effect on hosts, sometimes making it difficult to identify clear directions of associations between infection and production parameters. Therefore, unsupervised approaches not assuming a structure reduce the risk of introducing bias to the analysis.

MRSA Infection in the Thigh Muscle Leads to Systemic Disease, Strong Inflammation, and Loss of Human Monocytes in Humanized Mice.

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant ) is the second-leading cause of deaths by antibiotic-resistant bacteria globally, with more than 100,000 attributable deaths annually. Despite the high urgency to develop a vaccine to control this pathogen, all clinical trials with pre-clinically effective candidates failed so far. The recent development of "humanized" mice might help to edge the pre-clinical evaluation closer to the clinical situation and thus close this gap.

Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto collected from dogs in the steppe and high plateau regions of Algeria.

Epidemiology and distributions of canine tick-borne diseases as well as their veterinary and zoonotic significance are poorly understood in Algeria. The present study describes a molecular investigation of important tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto collected from domestic dogs in steppe and high plateau areas of central and eastern Algeria. In total, 1,043 ticks were collected from 147 dogs, including 756 ticks from 124 dogs in the steppe region of Djelfa and 287 ticks from 23 dogs in the high plateau area of Bordj Bou Arreridj.

Effectiveness of Anthelmintic Treatments in Small Ruminants in Germany.

Widespread anthelmintic resistance is a concern for small ruminant health and production worldwide. The current situation regarding anthelmintic efficacy is, however, not very well studied in Germany. Thus, a nationwide field study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of 253 treatments performed in 223 small ruminant flocks by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) using pooled samples and a modified McMaster method.

Age-dependent rise in IFN-γ competence undermines effective type 2 responses to nematode infection.

The efficient induction of type 2 immune responses is central to the control of helminth infections. Previous studies demonstrated that strong Th1 responses driven by intracellular pathogens as well as a bias for type 1 activity in senescent mice impedes the generation of Th2 responses and the control of intestinal nematode infections. Here, we show that the spontaneous differentiation of Th1 cells and their expansion with age restrains type 2 immunity to infection with the small intestinal nematode H.

A 15-year monitoring of Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp.) in questing ticks in the city of Hanover, Germany.

Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp.) are regarded as potentially emerging tick-borne pathogens and may change in abundance in response to global climate change. However, continuous monitoring on their prevalence in questing ticks is only available for the northern German city of Hanover.

Salmonella Central Carbon Metabolism Enhances Bactericidal Killing by Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics.

The efficacy of killing by bactericidal antibiotics has been reported to depend in large part on the ATP levels, with low levels of ATP leading to increased persistence after antibiotic challenge. Here, we show that an operon deletion strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lacking the ATP synthase was at least 10-fold more sensitive to killing by the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and yet showed either increased survival or no significant difference compared with the wild-type strain when challenged with aminoglycoside or β-lactam antibiotics, respectively. The increased cell killing and reduced bacterial survival (persistence) after fluoroquinolone challenge were found to involve metabolic compensation for the loss of the ATP synthase through central carbon metabolism reactions and increased NAD(P)H levels.

Identification of virus infections of European eels intended for stocking measures.

The spread of viral diseases in eels is suggested to severely affect the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) panmictic population. The European Commission has initiated the Eel Recovery Plan (Council Regulation No. 1100/2007) to try to return the European eel stock to more sustainable levels within that measures eel restocking.