423 results match your criteria: "Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences[Affiliation]"

Repeat expansions in gene in refractory chronic cough.

ERJ Open Res

January 2025

Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Introduction: Refractory chronic cough (RCC), persisting despite addressing contributory diagnoses, is likely underpinned by neurally mediated cough hypersensitivity. disorders are genetic neurodegenerative conditions caused by biallelic repeat expansion sequences, commonly presenting with cough, followed by neurological features including cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). The prevalence and identifying clinical characteristics of repeat-expansion disorders in patients with RCC are unknown.

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Introduction: Patients recovering from severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have a 30-day readmission rate of 20%. This study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate clinical, patient-reported and physiological effects of home high-flow therapy (HFT) in addition to usual medical therapy, in eucapnic patients recovering from AECOPD to support the design of a phase 3 trial.

Methods: A mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial (quantitative primacy, concurrently embedded qualitative evaluation) (ISRCTN15949009) recruiting consecutive non-obese patients hospitalised with AECOPD not requiring acute non-invasive ventilation.

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In this study we have used a highly immersive virtual reality (VR) cycling environment where incongruence between virtual hill gradient (created by visual gradient and bike tilt angle) and actual workload (pedalling resistance) can experimentally manipulate perception of exercise effort. This therefore may provide a method to examine the role of effort perception in cardiorespiratory control during exercise. Twelve healthy untrained participants (7 men, age 26 ± 5 years) were studied during five visits.

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Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR).

J Nutr Health Aging

January 2025

Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, MA, United States.

Article Synopsis
  • Aging leads to physiological changes and increased disease vulnerability, culminating in higher mortality rates as individuals get older.
  • Regular physical activity (PA) and exercise can counteract aging effects, improve health span, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
  • Personalized exercise plans, including various forms of training like aerobic and resistance exercises, are essential for maintaining health and functionality in older adults, particularly those with age-related issues.
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The value of 'data-enabled', digital healthcare is evolving rapidly, as demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its successful implementation remains complex and challenging. Harmonisation (within/between healthcare systems) of infrastructure and implementation strategies has the potential to promote safe, equitable and accessible digital healthcare, but guidance for implementation is lacking. Using respiratory technologies as an example, our scoping review process will capture and review the published research between 12th December 2013 to 12th December 2023.

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Early endovascular reperfusion during extracorporeal support for massive pulmonary embolism.

Br J Anaesth

December 2024

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address:

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Article Synopsis
  • The growing interest in plant-based protein foods raises questions about the move towards strictly plant-based diets, considering their effects on human health and environmental sustainability.
  • The sustainability of food systems, particularly with a rising global population, needs careful evaluation to balance dietary protein requirements, especially in an aging population facing chronic diseases.
  • A comprehensive review examines the muscle-building potential of various non-animal protein sources, emphasizing the balance between diet quality and environmental impacts, while also addressing global malnutrition and local nutritional needs.
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Background: Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is one of the side effects of mechanical ventilation during ARDS; a prerequisite for averting it is the quantification of its risk factors associated with a given ventilatory setting. Many clinical variables have been proposed as predictors of VILI, of which driving pressure is the most widely used. In this study, we compared the performance of driving pressure, four times the driving pressure added to respiratory rate (4DPRR) and mechanical power ratio.

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Prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation: who, what, when and how?

Breathe (Sheff)

October 2024

Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation is an important part of the management of respiratory failure patients. Patients can be classified into those who wean on the first attempt (simple weaning), those who require up to three attempts (difficult weaning) and those who require more than three attempts (prolonged weaning). The process of weaning includes adequately treating the underlying cause of respiratory failure, assessing the readiness to wean, evaluating the response to a reduction in ventilatory support, and eventually liberation from mechanical ventilation and extubation or decannulation.

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Introduction: The increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases highlights the urgent need for practical interventions to mitigate their associated public health burden. Whey protein supplementation has emerged as a potential intervention for improving markers of cardiometabolic health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of whey protein ingestion on cardiometabolic profile in adults.

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Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a supportive therapy for acute respiratory failure with increased risk of packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion. Blood cell salvage (BCS) aims to reduce blood transfusion, but its efficacy is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the effect of BCS at the time of removal of the ECMO circuit (ECMO decannulation) on PRBC transfused.

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Introduction: Chronic cough is considered a disorder of neuronal hypersensitivity in which patients frequently report abnormal laryngeal and chest sensations, and excessive triggers. To facilitate clinical assessment, we developed the Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (CHQ).

Methods: Candidate questionnaire items were developed following interviews with patients with refractory chronic cough (n=10, United Kingdom), and review by a multidisciplinary team.

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Introduction: Regional anaesthesia provides important clinical benefits to patients but is underutilised. A barrier to widespread adoption may be the focus of regional anaesthesia research on novel techniques rather than evaluating and optimising existing approaches. Research priorities in regional anaesthesia identified by anaesthetists have been published, but the views of patients, carers and other healthcare professionals have not been considered previously.

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Explorations of strategies for inclusion for newly qualified physiotherapists from racially minoritised groups in a large, urban NHS Trust, UK.

Physiotherapy

July 2024

School of Allied Health Professions, Public Health and Social Work, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objectives: The study aimed to i) understand the experiences of newly qualified physiotherapists from racially minoritised backgrounds in a large hospital physiotherapy department and ii) co-create and implement inclusive strategies to affect work culture.

Design: The project used an action research design with co-creation principles and was in 3 phases. Phase 1 explored the experiences of inclusion for newly qualified racially minoritised staff, using focus groups and transcripts analysed thematically.

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Article Synopsis
  • Chronic cough is a common medical issue that affects patients' quality of life but is often poorly managed due to reliance on outdated treatment methods and lengthy waiting times for care.
  • Current approaches treat chronic cough as a symptom of other conditions, leading to unnecessary costs and potential harm, rather than recognizing it as a distinct disease.
  • Newer guidelines suggest that chronic cough should be viewed as its own condition, which could improve patient understanding, treatment focus, healthcare organization, and research advancements.
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The Clinical Approach to Chronic Cough.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract

November 2024

Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Chronic cough remains a significant clinical challenge, affecting approximately 10% of the population and leading to significant impairment in psychological, social, and physical quality of life. In recent years, efforts have intensified to elucidate the mechanisms underlying chronic cough and to focus on investigating and treating refractory chronic cough (RCC). A "treatable trait" approach, which focuses on identifying and addressing the specific associated causes of chronic cough, has gained traction.

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Chronic cough is a complex disorder that affects up to 5-10% of the general population. It can be challenging to manage as there are few effective treatments, although several novel antitussives are in clinical development. The endpoints used to assess their efficacy in clinical trials should be optimal; most large clinical trials currently use objective measures as the primary outcome, especially cough frequency.

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Load-dependence of the activation of myosin filaments in heart muscle.

J Physiol

December 2024

Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.

Contraction of heart muscle requires activation of both the actin and myosin filaments. The mechanism of myosin filament activation is unknown, but the leading candidate hypothesis is direct mechano-sensing by the filaments. Here, we tested this hypothesis by activating intact trabeculae from rat heart by electrical stimulation under different loads and measuring myosin filament activation by X-ray diffraction.

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Dose-dependency of a combined EPA:DHA mixture on incorporation, washout, and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes.

Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids

April 2024

University of Stirling, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, Stirling, United Kingdom.

We demonstrate divergent incorporation and washout patterns for EPA and DHA following high and low-dose EPA+DHA incubation in C2C12 myotubes, with higher concentrations favoring n-3 PUFA incorporation. Lower n-3 PUFA concentrations increased MPS without further upregulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Our study provides novel insights into the temporal incorporation and washout dynamics of EPA and DHA and, specifically, their combined effect on MPS, thereby advancing knowledge regarding dietary n-3 PUFA prescription to promote skeletal muscle health in humans.

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Background: Recently, cough reflex hypersensitivity has been proposed as a common underlying feature of chronic cough in adults. However, symptoms and clinical characteristics of cough hypersensitivity have not been studied amongst phenotypes of chronic cough. This study aimed to compare symptom features, such as cough triggers and associated throat sensations, of cough hypersensitivity in patients with asthmatic chronic cough and those with refractory chronic cough (RCC).

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Background: Quality of life is impaired in patients with sarcoidosis. The King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ) is a brief questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life in patients with sarcoidosis, comprising subdomains of General Health Status (GHS), Lung, Medication, Skin and Eyes. The aim of this study was to enhance the validation of the KSQ, incorporating longitudinal validation and known-groups validity in a cohort with mild sarcoidosis.

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Article Synopsis
  • Anastomoses between pulmonary arteries and veins, which are common in adults, can lead to blood bypassing alveoli, causing hypoxaemia, especially in conditions like COVID-19 and influenza A.
  • A case of severe hypoxaemia linked to influenza A was poorly responsive to oxygen treatment and worsened with CPAP, indicating a significant intrapulmonary shunt contributing to the issue.
  • Understanding these shunts in viral infections can improve respiratory treatment strategies and help identify new therapeutic approaches to prevent the need for intubation.
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Acute exercise boosts NAD metabolism of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Brain Behav Immun

January 2025

Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) coenzymes are the central electron carriers in biological energy metabolism. Low NAD levels are proposed as a hallmark of ageing and several diseases, which has given rise to therapeutic strategies that aim to tackle these conditions by boosting NAD levels. As a lifestyle factor with preventive and therapeutic effects, exercise increases NAD levels across various tissues, but so far human trials are mostly focused on skeletal muscle.

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Article Synopsis
  • Second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) devices may be safer than endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in reducing major airway complications during abdominopelvic surgery, according to a comparison of 51 studies involving over 5,100 patients.
  • While SGAs show promise in decreasing issues like postoperative sore throat, coughing, and nausea, they also increase the risk of inadequate ventilation.
  • Overall, while SGAs present some advantages for patient-centered outcomes, further research is needed to confirm their efficacy and safety compared to ETTs.
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