Everyday associations between older adults' physical activity, negative affect, and cortisol.

Objective: Experimental research has demonstrated that individuals with higher physical activity levels show reduced cortisol responses to psychosocial stress. The present study takes this research out of the lab and it extends these findings by investigating whether older adults' physical activity also moderates everyday-life within-person associations between momentary negative affect and concurrent salivary cortisol.

Methods: A sample of 162 older adults aged 60 to 87 years (M age = 71 years; 50% women; 57% Caucasian) completed affect assessments and provided concurrent salivary cortisol samples 4 times per day over 7 consecutive days.

Men's perceptions of living with osteoporosis: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Background: One in five men will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime. However, osteoporosis is widely perceived as a women's disease and few studies focus specifically on men. Our objective was to identify qualitative evidence to understand men's perceptions of osteoporosis and fracture.

Sex-Specific Relationship Between Long-Term Maintenance of Physical Activity and Cognition in the Health ABC Study: Potential Role of Hippocampal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volume.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a promising strategy for the promotion of brain health, although substantial variation exists in the effects of PA at the individual level. Given the greater prevalence and faster progression of Alzheimer's disease in women compared to men, and known sex differences in brain architecture, analysis of sex differences in the relationship between PA, cognition, and brain region volumes is warranted.

Methods: To address this, we conducted secondary analyses of data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study.

The mechanical and biochemical properties of tail tendon in a rat model of obesity: Effect of moderate exercise and prebiotic fibre supplementation.

The worldwide trajectory of increasing obesity rates is a major health problem precipitating a rise in the prevalence of a variety of co-morbidities and chronic diseases. Tendinopathy, in weight and non-weight bearing tendons, in individuals with overweight or obesity has been linked to metabolic dysfunction resulting from obesity. Exercise and dietary fibre supplementation (DFS) are common countermeasures to combat obesity and therefore it seems reasonable to assume that they might protect tendons from structural and mechanical damage in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model.

Discharge destination following hip fracture in Canada among previously community-dwelling older adults, 2004-2012: database study.

Unlabelled: Little is known about post-acute care following hip fracture surgery. We investigated discharge destinations from surgical hospitals for nine Canadian provinces. We identified significant heterogeneity in discharge patterns across provinces suggesting different post-acute recovery pathways.

Does patellar alignment or trochlear morphology predict worsening of patellofemoral disease within the first 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?

Purpose: We described patellofemoral alignment and trochlear morphology at one and five years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and evaluated the associations between alignment and trochlear morphology (at one year) and worsening patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) features by five years. We also evaluated the associations between alignment and morphology to self-reported pain and function (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, KOOS) at five years.

Materials And Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, we followed 73 participants (mean age 29[9] years, 40% women) from one- to five-years after ACLR.

Development and Evaluation of a Post-Hip Fracture Instructional Workshop for Caregivers.

Background And Purpose: A hip fracture is an unexpected traumatic event. Caregivers of patients with an acute hip fracture have only short time to learn the new skills of postoperative care and handling of the patient. This sudden responsibility changes the life of the caregivers who perceive a higher level of preoccupation about the care of their family member/friend.

Translation, inter-rater reliability, agreement, and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the cumulated ambulation score in patients after hip fracture.

To translate the Cumulated Ambulation Score into Spanish, and to examine its inter-rater reliability, agreement and internal consistency. Two occupational therapists independently used the Spanish version of the Cumulated Ambulation Score (three activities scored from 0-2 points) to assess 60 consecutive patients with hip fracture within the first post-surgery week at a traumatology service of a public hospital. We used linear weighted kappa (κ) statistics to determine inter-rater reliability, percent agreement to assess measurement error, Cronbach's α coefficient to establish the internal consistency, and the McNemar-Bowker test to evaluate for systematic between-rater differences.

Blood pressure measurement and the prevalence of postprandial hypotension.

Background: Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is a serious condition that has been shown to be an independent risk factor for falls, fractures and death.

Purpose: The prevalence of this problem in older adults with a past history of falls has shown a wide variability in the literature; the present study seeks to examine how the frequency with which blood pressure is measured impacts the prevalence and severity of PPH.

Methods: Older adults were recruited sequentially from a geriatric medicine falls clinic for meal testing (n=95).

Getting at Mode Share: Comparing 3 Methods of Travel Mode Measurement for School Travel Research.

Background: Mode share is an important metric for active school travel programs. Common methods for measuring mode share include Hands Up surveys and family surveys, but these require teacher and parental involvement. We used these methods as part of an evaluation of a school-based bicycle training program, and added a novel observational count approach.

Hypermineralization in the femoral neck of the elderly.

Hip fragility depends on the decline in bone mass as well as changes in bone microstructure and the properties of bone mineral and organic matrix. Although it is well-established that low bone mass or osteoporosis is a key factor in hip fracture risk, it is striking to observe that 92% of 24 patients who have sustained an intracapsular hip fracture showed hypermineralization at the superior-anterior quadrant, a critical region associated with increased hip fracture risk. In-depth material studies on a total of 12 human cadaver femurs revealed increased degree of mineralization in the hypermineralized tissue: calcium weight percentage as measured by quantitative backscattered electron imaging increased by approximately 15% compared with lamellar bone; mineral-to-matrix ratio obtained by Raman microspectroscopy imaging also increased.

Exploring the association between number, severity, location of fracture, and occiput-to-wall distance.

Unlabelled: This study of women with a suspected vertebral fracture determined the association between vertebral fracture characteristics and posture. The number of fractures was associated with posture. Severity of fracture was associated with posture when adjusting for pain.

Sleep and cognitive function in chronic stroke: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Poor sleep is common following stroke, limits stroke recovery, and can contribute to further cognitive decline post-stroke. However, it is unclear what aspects of sleep are different in older adults with stroke compared with those without, and whether the relationship between sleep and cognitive function differs by stroke history. We investigated whether older adults with stroke experience poorer sleep quality than older adults without stroke, and whether poor sleep quality attenuates cognitive performance among older adults with a history of stroke.

"These Few Blocks, These Are My Village": The Physical Activity and Mobility of Foreign-Born Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: The self-reported health of foreign-born older adults (FBOAs) is lower than that of nonimmigrant peers. Physical activity (PA) and mobility enhance health in older age, yet we know very little about the PA and mobility of FBOAs. In this analysis we sought to determine: (a) What factors facilitate PA amongst FBOAs? and (b) How do gender, culture, and personal biography affect participants' PA and mobility?

Research Design And Methods: We worked closely with community partners to conduct a mixed-method study in Vancouver, Canada.

Transverse tendon stiffness is reduced in people with Achilles tendinopathy: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The objective of the current cross-sectional study was to examine Achilles tendon transverse stiffness in a group of recreational runners with Achilles tendinopathy, in comparison to an asymptomatic group of runners with similar training history. We also aimed to determine the between-week intra-individual reliability of this measurement technique.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Changes in Clinical Status after Completion of an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Programme Incorporating Pain Neurophysiology Education.

The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical outcomes of people who completed a 6-week outpatient interdisciplinary pain management programme and to determine whether a change in pain knowledge predicts these clinical outcomes (pain interference, pain severity, depression, and opioid intake). A single-group, pretest-posttest analysis was conducted on data from 102 participants; five -tests and three hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out. Participants experienced significant improvements in pain knowledge, pain interference, pain severity, depression, and opioid intake between intake assessment and discharge, but change in pain knowledge did not significantly predict any clinical outcomes.

Cerebral Amyloid-β Deposition Is Associated with Impaired Gait Speed and Lower Extremity Function.

Background: Impaired physical function (i.e., slowing of gait, muscle weakness, and poor mobility) is common in older adults with cognitive impairment and dementia.

Measurement instruments for quantifying physical resilience in aging: a scoping review protocol.

Background: Physical resilience is the ability to optimize or recover motor function in the face of disease, injury, or aging-related decline. Greater knowledge of how some individuals regain or maintain function despite pathology may help identify protective factors and approaches that promote healthy aging. To date, a scoping review on physical resilience has not been conducted.

Alignment differs between patellofemoral osteoarthritis cases and matched controls: An upright 3D MRI study.

Patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and clinically important knee OA subgroup. Malalignment may be an important risk factor for PF OA. However, little is known about alignment in PF OA, particularly in an upright, weightbearing environment.

Program implementation and effectiveness of a national workplace physical activity intervention: UPnGO with ParticipACTION.

Intervention: UPnGO with ParticipACTION (UPnGO) is a 6-week workplace physical activity (PA) initiative aiming to increase habitual PA (steps) during the workday. Core intervention components included (1) self-monitoring of steps and action planning behaviours using a Web/mobile app with incentives and (2) organizational support, which included senior management's role modeling and endorsement of the program.

Research Question: What is the effectiveness and levels of implementation of the UPnGO intervention? What is the relationship between effectiveness and levels of implementation?

Methods: A single-arm, pre-/post-test study design was used.

Everyday solitude, affective experiences, and well-being in old age: the role of culture versus immigration.

Being alone is often equated with loneliness. Yet, recent findings suggest that the objective state of being alone (i.e.

Effects of a falls prevention exercise programme on health-related quality of life in older home care recipients: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: falls have serious consequences for quality of life (QOL) and contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. Home care is an important arena to address falls prevention and QOL, but this vulnerable group of older adults is underrepresented in health research. This study explores the effects of a falls prevention exercise programme on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), physical function and falls self-efficacy in older fallers receiving home care.

Assessment of healthy trapeziometacarpal cartilage properties using indentation testing and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Background: The trapeziometacarpal joint is a common site for osteoarthritis development in the hand. When osteoarthritis is present, it results in significant functional disabilities due to the broad range of activities performed by this joint. However, our understanding of osteoarthritis initiation and progression at this joint is limited because of the current lack of knowledge regarding the properties and structure of the corresponding cartilage layers.

Exercise and the Aging Brain: Considerations for Sex Differences.

Engaging in targeted exercise interventions is a promising, non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of aging and disease on brain health. However, despite its therapeutic potential, a large amount of variation exists in exercise efficacy in older adults aged 55 and older. In this review, we present the argument that biological sex may be an important moderator of the relationship between physical activity and cognition.