Reshaping the path of mild cognitive impairment by refining exercise prescription: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to understand the "what," "for whom," and "how" of exercise to promote cognitive function.

Background: Targeted exercise training is a promising strategy for promoting cognitive function and preventing dementia in older age. Despite the utility of exercise as an intervention, variation still exists in exercise-induced cognitive gains and questions remain regarding the type of training (i.e.

Objective Sleep Quality and the Underlying Functional Neural Correlates Among Older Adults with Possible Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Poor sleep quality is common among older individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and may be a consequence of functional alterations in the brain; yet few studies have investigated the underlying neural correlates of actigraphy-measured sleep quality in this cohort.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between brain networks and sleep quality measured by actigraphy.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, sleep efficiency and sleep fragmentation were estimated using Motionwatch8 (MW8) over a period of 14 days in 36 community-dwelling older adults with possible MCI aged 65-85 years.

Do the relationships of physical activity and total sleep time with cognitive function vary by age and biological sex? A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) and total sleep time (TST) are each associated with cognition; however, whether these relationships vary by age and biological sex is unclear. We examined the relationships of PA or TST with cognition, and whether age and sex moderated these relationships, using baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; 2010-2015).

Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis of participants from the Comprehensive cohort of the CLSA with complete PA and sleep data (n = 20,307; age range 45-86 years).

Foundational Principles and Adaptation of the Healthy and Pathological Achilles Tendon in Response to Resistance Exercise: A Narrative Review and Clinical Implications.

Therapeutic exercise is widely considered a first line fundamental treatment option for managing tendinopathies. As the Achilles tendon is critical for locomotion, chronic Achilles tendinopathy can have a substantial impact on an individual's ability to work and on their participation in physical activity or sport and overall quality of life. The recalcitrant nature of Achilles tendinopathy coupled with substantial variation in clinician-prescribed therapeutic exercises may contribute to suboptimal outcomes.

'We just don't have this in us…': Understanding factors behind low levels of physical activity in South Asian immigrants in Metro-Vancouver, Canada.

Background: South Asian immigrants in western countries are at a high risk for metabolic syndrome and associated chronic disease. While a physically active lifestyle is crucial in decreasing this risk, physical activity (PA) levels among this group remain low. The objectives of this study were to explore social and cultural factors that influence PA behavior, investigate how immigration process intersects with PA behaviors to influence PA levels and to engage community in a discussion about what can be done to increase PA in the South Asian community.

Establishing the minimal clinically important difference of the EQ-5D-3L in older adults with a history of falls.

Purpose: Establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure-the EuroQol EQ-5 Dimensions-3 Level (EQ-5D-3L)-in older adults with a history of falls.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of 255 complete cases who were enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled trial (NCT01029171; NCT00323596); participants were randomized to the Otago Exercise Program (OEP; n = 126/172; Age:81.2 ± 6.

Myelin Content and Gait Impairment in Older Adults with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

We investigated whether myelin is associated with gait parameters in older adults with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Cross-sectional data from sixty-four participants with cSVD and mild cognitive impairment were analyzed. Myelin was assessed via MRI multi-echo gradient and spin echo T relaxation sequence, indexed as myelin water fraction (MWF).

The association of sleep and cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment.

We investigated whether device-measured sleep parameters are associated with cortical thickness in older adults with probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We performed a cross-sectional, exploratory analysis of sleep and structural MRI data. Sleep data were collected with MotionWatch8© actigraphy over 7 days.

Phase-dependent Brain Activation of the Frontal and Parietal Regions During Walking After Stroke - An fNIRS Study.

Background: Recovery of walking post-stroke is highly variable. Accurately measuring and documenting functional brain activation characteristics during walking can help guide rehabilitation. Previous work in this area has been limited to investigations of frontal brain regions and have not utilized recent technological and analytical advances for more accurate measurements.

Myelin and Physical Activity in Older Adults With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Myelin loss is a feature of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Although physical activity levels may exert protective effects over cSVD pathology, its specific relationship with myelin content in people living with the cSVD is unknown. Thus, we investigated whether physical activity levels are associated with myelin in community-dwelling older adults with cSVD and mild cognitive impairment.

The independent associations of physical activity and sleep with neural activity during an inhibitory task: cross-sectional results from the MONITOR-OA study.

Sleep and physical activity (PA) are important for the maintenance of executive functions. Whether these lifestyle factors independently contribute to associated neural correlates of executive functions is unknown. We therefore investigated the independent associations of PA and sleep with neural activity during executive performance using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Frontal, Sensorimotor, and Posterior Parietal Regions Are Involved in Dual-Task Walking After Stroke.

Background: Walking within the community requires the ability to walk while simultaneously completing other tasks. After a stroke, completing an additional task while walking is significantly impaired, and it is unclear how the functional activity of the brain may impact this.

Methods: Twenty individual in the chronic stage post-stroke participated in this study.

Baseline health-related quality of life predicts falls: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Among older adults, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and falls are associated. Generic patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) assess individual's HRQoL. The role for PROMs, a potential tool for predicting subsequent falls, remains under-explored.

Encouraging older adults with pre-frailty and frailty to "MoveStrong": an analysis of secondary outcomes for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: This 8-week pilot stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial evaluated the MoveStrong program for teaching adults who have frailty/pre-frailty about balance and functional strength training and sufficient protein intake to prevent falls and improve mobility.

Methods: We recruited individuals aged 60 years and over, with a FRAIL scale score of 1 or higher and at least one chronic condition, who were not currently strength training. The program included 16 exercise physiologist-led hour-long group sessions and two dietitian-led hour-long nutrition sessions.

Verifying a C-arm-based roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis protocol for assessing tibial implant movement in total knee arthroplasty.

Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) is the "gold standard" technique for measuring sub-millimetric relative motion between implant and bone to quantify post-operative implant migration over time. The vast majority of RSA studies addressing implant motion in knee replacements, however, have been conducted using expensive biplanar radiography systems and commercial software that are not readily available at many institutions. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of performing RSA using ordinary, readily available C-arm fluoroscopes and open-source software to assess tibial component migration.

Muscle activity with 0.5 T upright MRI-DESS to measure T in biceps and triceps.

The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle activity of the biceps followed by isometric flexion changes T measured in the biceps. It is hypothesized that an increase in T will be observed in the biceps but not in the triceps after flexion exercise. Ten healthy volunteers were imaged with a one-channel neck coil while seated in a 0.

Rapidly adapting an effective health promoting intervention for older adults-choose to move-for virtual delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 (COVID) pandemic shifted way of life for all Canadians. 'Stay-at-home' public health directives counter transmission of COVID but may cause, or exacerbate, older adults' physical and social health challenges. To counter unintentional consequences of these directives, we rapidly adapted an effective health promoting intervention for older adults-Choose to Move (CTM)-to be delivered virtually throughout British Columbia (BC).

Effects of exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults with different types of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To assess the effect of exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults living with different types of dementia, as well as potential moderators of exercise efficacy.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline and CINAHL.

Effects of the Mobility-Fit Physical Activity Program on Strength and Mobility in Older Adults in Assisted Living: A Feasibility Study.

Physical activity programs focusing on fall prevention often overlook upper-limb strength, which is important for transferring, balance recovery, and arresting a fall. We developed and evaluated a physical activity program, Mobility-Fit for older adults in Assisted Living (AL) that includes upper-limb strengthening, agility, coordination, and balance exercises. Thirty participants (85 ± 6 years) were recruited from two AL facilities; 15 were assigned to Mobility-Fit (three times/week, 45 min/session for 12 weeks) and 15 maintained usual care.

Device-worn measures of sedentary time and physical activity in South Asian adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Metro-Vancouver, Canada.

Background: South Asians have high incidence of chronic disease. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary time are modifiable risk factors for chronic disease but their assessment in South Asians has been primarily based on self-report. This study presents directly-measured PA and sedentary time in South Asian adults in Canada.

Comparing the cost-effectiveness of the Otago Exercise Programme among older women and men: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Using stratified analyses, we examined the cost-effectiveness of the Otago Exercise Programme (OEP), from a health care system perspective, among older women and men who have previously fallen.

Methods: This study was a secondary stratified analysis (by women and men), of a 12-month prospective economic evaluation of a randomized clinical trial (OEP compared with usual care). Three hundred and forty four community-dwelling older adults (≥70; 172 OEP (110 women; 62 men), 172 usual care (119 women; 53 men)) who sustained a fall in the past 12 months and received a baseline assessment at the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic, Canada were included.

Determinants of implementing reablement into research or practice: A concept mapping study.

Purpose: Reablement is a health and social model of care gaining international prominence. It is included in some publicly funded healthcare systems in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden and other European countries. To advance reablement research and practice, we aimed to synthesize expert opinion on opportunities and challenges to delivering care with this model.

Exploring behavior change techniques for reablement: A scoping review.

Background: Reablement is a team-based person-centered health and social care model, most commonly available for community-dwelling older adults. Understanding the components of reablement and how it is delivered, received, and enacted facilitates best evidence and practice. Determining behavior change techniques (BCTs) or strategies is an important step to operationalize implementation of reablement.

Telehealth interventions for mobility after lower limb loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Mobility is a crucial component for healthy aging after lower limb loss (LLL). Telehealth technologies, for example, smart devices, are novel approaches for health programs delivery regardless of geographical boundaries.

Objectives: To assess the effect of telehealth interventions on mobility, quality of life, and antecedents of health behavior compared with a control condition (usual care or simpler telehealth interventions with fewer number of behavior change techniques [BCTs]) for community-dwelling adults (>50 years) with an LLL and the effect of mode of delivery and BCTs used in telehealth interventions on health outcomes.