Induced abortion according to immigrants' birthplace: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Most abortions occur due to unintended pregnancy. Unintended pregnancies are linked to poor health outcomes. Canada receives immigrants from countries with disparate sexual and reproductive health contexts which may influence abortion rates post-migration.

Perspectives of HIV-positive and -negative people who use drugs regarding the criminalization of HIV non-disclosure in Canada: a qualitative study.

Background: While previous research has identified how criminalization of HIV non-disclosure can have deleterious effects on those living with HIV, the perspectives of people who use drugs - a population disproportionately affected by HIV- should be more meaningfully considered in these discussions.

Methods: Using constant comparative techniques, data from 60 interviews with men and women living with and without HIV and who use drugs in Vancouver were analyzed to explore their perceptions about Canada's HIV non-disclosure legal framework.

Results: Participants' perspectives on the framework involved three themes: understandings of HIV risk; HIV-related stigma; and their own experiences with HIV.

Harms of third party criminalisation under end-demand legislation: undermining sex workers' safety and rights.

After Canada's laws criminalising sex work were struck down by the Supreme Court for violating sex workers' rights and new end-demand legislation was passed in 2014. These new laws however continue to criminalise sex work third parties (i.e.

Urban gentrification and declining access to HIV/STI, sexual health, and outreach services amongst women sex workers between 2010-2014: Results of a community-based longitudinal cohort.

Despite increasing gentrification across North American cities, little is known about impacts on work and living environments and health access for marginalized women. Drawing upon prospective cohort and external spatial data, we examined changes in land use and sex workers' work/living environments in relation to gentrification exposure in Metro Vancouver (2010-2014), and modeled independent effects of gentrification exposure on reduced utilization of HIV/STI testing, sexual health, and sex worker support services. These decreases occurred despite efforts to scale-up HIV services for marginalized populations.

Ethics and the treatment as prevention strategy among transgender women living with HIV in Argentina.

While numerous ethical concerns have been voiced regarding HIV service scale-up strategies targeting key populations, few studies have examined these from the perspective of affected groups. This study therefore sought to understand transgender women's experiences and perspectives of targeted HIV services scale-up in the context of Argentina's Treatment as Prevention strategy. In 2016, 25 purposively selected transgender women living with HIV were interviewed by a peer research associate.

Identifying Health Differences Between Transgender and Cisgender Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Using a Community-Based Approach.

In this article, we describe a community-based research (CBR) approach to making a national online survey of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) inclusive of transgender GBMSM by working with members of the transgender community at all stages of the research process. This collaboration resulted in 209 transgender GBMSM completing our survey and we contrasted their health experiences with 7439 cisgender GBMSM. We found that transgender GBMSM were less likely than cisgender GBMSM to report intercourse without a condom (AOR 0.

Structural barriers to condom access in a community-based cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: influence of policing, violence and end-demand criminalisation.

Objectives: Sex workers (SWs) face a disproportionate burden of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs), violence and other human rights violations. While recent HIV prevention research has largely focused on the HIV cascade, condoms remain a cornerstone of HIV prevention, requiring further research attention. Given serious concerns regarding barriers to condom use, including policing, violence and 'end-demand' sex work criminalisation, we evaluated structural correlates of difficulty accessing condoms among SWs in Vancouver over an 8-year period.

From silos to buckets: a qualitative study of how sexual health clinics address their clients' mental health needs.

Objectives: To describe the current constraints, facilitators, and future prospects for addressing mental health and substance use (MHSU) concerns within sexual health clinics in two cities in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 22 providers (14 nurses, 3 physicians, 3 administrators, 2 other health professionals) from six sexual health clinics.

Results: Providers consistently affirmed that MHSU-related concerns co-occur with sexual health concerns among clients presenting to sexual health clinics.

Violence and other social structural factors linked to incarceration for women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver: need for trauma-informed HIV care in prisons and post-Release.

Despite women living with HIV (WLWH) being disproportionately criminalized and overrepresented within correctional facilities, there remains limited longitudinal research with WLWH examining factors that make WLWH vulnerable to incarceration. Data are drawn from SHAWNA () a community-based research cohort with cisgender and transgender WLWH in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and an exchangeable working correlation matrix was used to prospectively model correlates of recent incarceration exposure over a seven-year period.

Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men.

Objective: Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE), or "conversion therapy," are pseudoscientific practices intended to suppress or deny sexual attraction to members of the same gender/sex. There are currently no data available to inform estimates of the prevalence of SOCE exposure in Canada. The objective of this study is therefore to describe the prevalence, social-demographic correlates, and health consequences of SOCE among Canadian sexual minority men.

Lack of full citizenship rights linked to heightened client condom refusal among im/migrant sex workers in Metro Vancouver (2010-2018).

In Canada, im/migrant sex workers face stigma, health access barriers, and overlapping marginalisation, with end-demand law reforms in 2014 postulated to exacerbate these inequities. Yet, little quantitative evidence on how immigration status shapes HIV/STI risk exists. Drawing on community-based longitudinal cohort data (AESHA, 2010-2018), we used multivariable confounder models with logistic regression to model (1) the independent effect of precarious immigration status (any status revocable under criminal charges: permanent residency/temporary residency/undocumented) on client condom refusal, and (2) the moderating effect of precarious status on the relationship between condom refusal and exposure to end-demand law reform (2015-2018).

Police-related barriers to harm reduction linked to non-fatal overdose amongst sex workers who use drugs: Results of a community-based cohort in Metro Vancouver, Canada.

Background: High rates of overdose and overdose-related mortality in North America represent a pressing health and social concern. Women sex workers face severe health and social inequities, which have been linked to structural factors including negative police interactions; however, little is known regarding the burden of overdose or how policing impacts overdose risk amongst sex workers who use drugs. Given this, we aimed to explore the independent effects of experiencing police-related barriers to harm reduction on non-fatal overdose amongst women sex workers who use drugs in Metro Vancouver, Canada over a 7.

Exploring ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: A qualitative analysis of preliminary findings among an Indigenous community in Canada.

Introduction And Aims: A previous observational study of ayahuasca-assisted therapy demonstrated statistically significant reductions in self-reported problematic cocaine use among members of an Indigenous community in Canada. This paper aims to qualitatively explore the impact of ayahuasca-assisted therapy on addiction and other substance use-related outcomes and elucidate the lived experiences of participants.

Design And Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 adult Indigenous participants of the ayahuasca-assisted 'Working with Addiction and Stress' ceremonial retreats (June-September 2011).

Barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B vaccination among sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for integrated HIV, STI, and viral hepatitis services.

Objectives: Sex workers (SWs) face an increased burden of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, yet little is known regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention and care. This study was performed to characterize cross-sectional and prospective correlates of HBV vaccination among SWs in Vancouver.

Methods: Questionnaire data were drawn from a community-based cohort of SWs (2010-2017).

Recent Incarceration as a Primary Barrier to Virologic Suppression Among Women Living with HIV: Results from a Longitudinal Community-Based Cohort in a Canadian Setting.

Women living with HIV (WLWH) are disproportionately represented among incarcerated populations yet there is a paucity of research on how incarceration shapes HIV treatment outcomes for women. Data is drawn from SHAWNA (Sexual health and HIV/AIDS: Women's Longitudinal Needs Assessment), a longitudinal community-based open research cohort with cis and trans WLWH in Metro Vancouver, Canada (2010-2017). Multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) longitudinally modeled the effect of incarceration on virologic suppression (HIV plasma VL < 50 copies/mL), adjusting for potential confounders.

Third Parties (Venue Owners, Managers, Security, etc.) and Access to Occupational Health and Safety Among Sex Workers in a Canadian Setting: 2010-2016.

Objective: To determine the impact of engagement with third parties (i.e., managers, receptionists, or owners of in-call venues; advertisers; security; spotters; and others) on sex workers' occupational health access.

Women, incarceration and HIV: a systematic review of HIV treatment access, continuity of care and health outcomes across incarceration trajectories.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on gendered implications of incarceration for HIV outcomes and engagement in care for women living with HIV (WLWH).

Design: We systematically searched seven bibliographic databases, for peer-reviewed English-language studies, published between 2007 and 2017 reporting on incarceration, women (transgender inclusive) and HIV.

Methods: Articles were included for evaluation if they reported outcomes for at least one of three measures of interest: viral load, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence or engagement in care among WLWH along incarceration trajectories.