Effect of vitamin E supplementation on immune status and alpha-tocopherol in plasma of piglets.

Twelve (Yorkshire) gilts were assigned to 2 dietary fat supplement groups starting at 57 d of gestation. Group 1 received no fat and Group 2 was supplemented with 5% Canola oil. Each group was supplemented with 0.

Effect of dose and modification of viscous properties of oat gum on plasma glucose and insulin following an oral glucose load.

An extract from oats known as oat gum (OG) is composed mainly of the polysaccharide (1-->3) (1-->4)-beta-D-glucan, which is highly viscous in aqueous solution. Viscous polysaccharides are known to attenuate postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses. The purposes of this study were to determine the dose-response to OG and establish quantitatively the effect of viscosity on plasma glucose and insulin levels of healthy humans consuming 50 g glucose.

Evaluation of culture systems containing bovine oviduct epithelial cells or granulosa cells to mature and maintain the developmental competence of bovine oocytes in vitro.

The effects of estrous cow serum (ECS), bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC), and bovine granulosa cells (GC) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) were evaluated. Selected OCCs were cultured for 24 to 26 h in microdroplets of culture medium (CM; TCM 199 + 25 mM HEPES + 100 mug gentamicin sulfate/ml) or in CM medium supplemented or conditioned with 20% ECS, BOEC +/- 20% ECS or GC + 20% ECS. Supplemented media were incubated for 2 h before addition of OCCs, whereas media were conditioned by incubation with 20% ECS or BOEC +/- 20% ECS for 6 d, or with 20% ECS +/- GC for 24 or 48 h before addition of OCCs.

Metabolism of tritiated D-alpha-tocopherol and D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate in intraruminally dosed sheep.

The comparative disposition (absorption, plasma disposition, tissue distribution) of D-alpha-tocopherol and of D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (forms of vitamin E) was investigated in 10 ruminally cannulated wethers. Tritiated tocopherols (4 microCi/kg BW) were administered directly into the rumen. Plasma and ruminal fluid activity were regularly measured from the time of administration to 96 h after administration.

Genetic variation of broiler feed consumption and efficiency corrected for differences in test body weights.

Feed consumption and feed efficiency data obtained over nine generations from three selected strains of broilers were adjusted for differences in either initial or initial and final test BW (at 28 and 42 d, respectively). Genetic and environmental variables were estimated for each strain using an animal model with restricted maximum likelihood procedures to avoid bias due to reduced genetic variation caused by selection. Variance component and heritability estimates before and after adjustment of these traits for differences in test weights were evaluated.

The influence of additive and nonadditive gene action on lifetime yields and profitability of dairy cattle.

Additive and nonadditive genetic effects on lifetime yields of milk and milk components and lifetime profitability were estimated from 5070 cattle in a Holstein pureline, an Ayrshire-based pureline, and 10 crossbred groups of these purelines. Lifetime yields of milk, fat, protein, and lactose and lifetime milk value and annualized discounted net returns were analyzed. Lifetime yields, lifetime milk value, and annualized discounted net returns of the Holstein x Ayrshire-based line F1 and an F1 x (F1 x F1) cross were not significantly different from those for the Holstein pureline.

Influence of low-level exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins on selected immunological and hematological parameters in young swine.

The effects of low dietary concentrations of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyl-DON, and zearalenone) on growth, immunological, and hematological parameters were determined in young pigs during a 28-day feeding experiment. Clean and naturally contaminated corn were incorporated into basal diets formulated to contain 0.00, 0.

Utilization of grass silage by cattle: effect of supplementation with different sources and amounts of protein.

Forty-eight crossbred beef steer calves, initial live weight of 260 kg, were used to examine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with fish meal (FM) or soybean meal (SBM) during a 210-d feeding period. The silage was available on an ad libitum basis either alone or supplemented with 100, 225, 350, or 500 g of FM or 600 g of SBM/d. Increasing levels of FM resulted in a linear increase in live weight gain (P < .

Estimates of relatedness and inbreeding in goose strains from DNA fingerprints.

The purpose of this study was to determine if DNA fingerprints (DFPs) could be used to estimate relatedness and inbreeding of strains of geese and to compare three methods of calculating relatedness indices. Strains included a control and selected strain from each of the Chinese and Synthetic (Chinese, Hungarian and Pilgrim) breeds. DFP patterns for each strain were based on individual DNA samples from six females, or on pooled DNA from 15 females different from those used for individual samples.

Ion transport and methane production in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.

In Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, the protonmotive force for the H+-translocating ATPase consists mainly of a transmembrane electrical gradient (Deltapsi). These cells do not establish a significant transmembrane pH gradient (inside alkaline) and, in fact, if the suspending medium is of pH >/= 7.0, the pH gradient may be reversed-i.

Predictive Modeling of Alkaline Phosphatase Inactivation in a High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurizer.

In order to support regulations directed towards ensuring the safety of heat processed dairy products, data on inactivation of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in whole milk in a pilot plant high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurizer were obtained. A Computer program was designed to calculate the integrated lethal effect, or pasteurization effect (PE), at temperatures of 60 to 74°C and with holding tubes for 3 to 60 s. An equation was derived which related values of PE to log % residual activity (r of 0.

Factors Influencing the Survival and Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on the Surface of Canadian Retail Wieners.

A study of survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes on Canadian retail wieners was undertaken to assess the potential hazard of this product. All-beef, poultry or beef/pork wieners from a total of six processing plants were surface-inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes , and stored under vacuum at 5°C for up to 28 days.

Comparative metabolism of deltamethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in chickens.

A comparative metabolism of [benzyl 14C]deltamethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBacid) was carried out in chickens. The effect of oral and intravenous route of administration was also investigated. There was no difference in the metabolic profile of [14C] portion of deltamethrin and 3-PBacid.

Identification of the Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors involved in the CAMP reaction.

There is a need to identify the virulence factors involved in the synergistic lysis of erythrocytes (CAMP reaction) by Listeria monocytogenes and either Staphylococcus aureus or Corynebacterium equi, in order to assess the relationship between the CAMP reaction and virulence of L. monocytogenes. The ability of various L.

Backfat and carcass composition of piglets fed milk replacers containing vegetable oil compared with sow-reared piglets.

The carcass composition of piglets fed artificial milk was compared to sow-reared piglets. The artificial milk diets contained 25%, by weight, soybean oil or mixtures of canola and high erucic acid rapeseed oil. Both the total lipid and nitrogen (apparent) digestibility of the artificial milk diets was high, even when the dietary oil contained high levels of erucic acid.

Effects of low-level dietary deoxynivalenol on haematological and clinical parameters of the pig.

The subacute toxic effects of dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) were examined in grower pigs during a 32 day feeding period. DON was incorporated into the feed at 0, 1, and 3 mg/kg, added as either the purified toxin (P) or as naturally contaminated corn (N). Growth performance and blood biochemical and haematological parameters were monitored throughout the study.

Pharmacokinetic fate and pathological effects of 14C-fumonisin B1 in laying hens.

Presence of fumonisin B1 (FB1), a major metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, in corn is of great concern to both human and animal health because of its wide range of toxicity. The pharmacokinetics of FB1 was studied in laying hens following oral and intravenous administration of 14C-labelled FB1. After iv dosing (2.

Pharmacokinetic fate of 14C-labelled fumonisin B1 in swine.

The pharmacokinetics of the mycotoxin fumonisn B1 (FB1) were investigated in pigs. Animals were administered 14C-FB1 intravenously (IV; 0.25 microCi, 0.

Development of whole and demi-embryos of mice in culture and in vivo after supercooled storage.

Demi-embryos (produced by destroying 1 or 2 blastomeres of 2- or 4-cell embryos, respectively) and intact mouse embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage, stored at -5 degrees C for 48 h, then cultured for 24 h and transferred into pseudopregnant recipients. Supercooled storage did not impair the developmental potential of whole or demi-embryos in vitro, nor was there a difference between whole and demi-embryos with respect to growth in vitro. Similarly, there was no effect of supercooling on development of intact or demi embryos after transfer into pseudopregnant recipient mice, but fewer recipients of demi-embryos remained pregnant (P < 0.

A novel molecular fingerprint probe based on the endogenous avian retroviral element (EAV) of chickens.

We have developed a novel molecular probe that is useful for DNA fingerprint analysis in chickens. The probe is based on the middle-repetitive, chicken endogenous retroviral (EAV) element. It consists of 1503 bp of the 3' portion of the EAV element, extending from the down-stream end of the envelope gene to the beginning of the downstream long terminal repeat (LTR).

Effect of dietary contents of cholecalciferol, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on blood concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, total calcium and eggshell quality.

1. Withdrawal of cholecalciferol (D3) supplement from a layers diet drastically reduced blood 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3), 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) and egg specific gravity (SG) within two weeks, followed by a decrease in blood total calcium (Ca). 2.

Cleavage of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by chicken microsomal preparations.

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid, labelled at either the 3-phenoxy[U-ring C-14] or carbonyl C-14, produced the corresponding labelled transitory metabolite 4'-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid when incubated with chicken liver microsomal preparation. The other radioactive reaction product identified from the metabolism of the carbonyl-labelled 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was labelled 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, whereas metabolism of the [U-ring] labelled 3-phenoxybenzoic acid produced labelled hydroquinone in addition to 4'-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Formation of both 4'-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and its subsequent conversion to 3-hydroxybenzoic andhydroquinone were NADPH and oxygen dependent.