Combustion and toxic gas production from disposable barbecues in enclosures.

The production of carbon monoxide from disposable barbecues in an enclosed room has been investigated. Hazard calculations have shown that lethal concentrations of CO and CO2 can be produced easily. Burning rates and the relative formation of CO and CO2 depend on the ambient oxygen concentration.

Volumetric Properties of the {[Cmim][MeSO] + (1 - )MeOH} System at Temperatures from (283.15 to 333.15) K and Pressures from (0.1 to 35) MPa.

Densities of pure 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate, [Cmim][MeSO], and its mixtures with methanol have been measured. Measurements were made with an accuracy of ±0.2 kg·m, using a vibrating-tube densimeter, over the temperature and pressure ranges (283.

Analysis of toxic effluents released from PVC carpet under different fire conditions.

A large number of investigations have been reported on minimising the PAH and PCDD/F yields during controlled combustion, such as incineration. This study is an attempt to quantify acute and chronic toxicants including PAH and PCDD/F in conditions relating to unwanted fires. This paper investigates distribution patterns of fire effluents between gas and aerosol phase, and the different particle size-ranges produced under different fire conditions.

Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes discriminate between Rubus- and Spiraeoideae-infective genotypes of Erwinia amylovora.

Comparative genomic analysis revealed differences in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis gene cluster between the Rubus-infecting strain ATCC BAA-2158 and the Spiraeoideae-infecting strain CFBP 1430 of Erwinia amylovora. These differences corroborate rpoB-based phylogenetic clustering of E. amylovora into four different groups and enable the discrimination of Spiraeoideae- and Rubus-infecting strains.

Removal of sulphur mustard, sarin and simulants on impregnated silica nanoparticles.

Silica nanoparticles of diameter, 24-75 nm and surface area, 875 m(2)/g were synthesized using aero-gel route. Thereafter, nanoparticles were impregnated with reactive chemicals, and used as reactive adsorbent to study the removal of toxic nerve and blister chemical warfare agents and their simulants from solutions. Trichloroisocyanuric acid impregnated silica nanoparticles showed the best performance and indicated physisorption followed by chemisorption/degradation of toxicants.

Degradable polyethylene: fantasy or reality.

Plastic waste disposal is one of the serious environmental issues being tackled by our society today. Polyethylene, particularly in packaging films, has received criticism as it tends to accumulate over a period of time, leaving behind an undesirable visual footprint. Degradable polyethylene, which would enter the eco-cycle harmlessly through biodegradation would be a desirable solution to this problem.

Small-scale experiments of self-sustaining decomposition of NPK fertilizer and application to events aboard the Ostedijk in 2007.

Small-scale experiments to investigate the self-sustaining decomposition (SSD) behaviour of NPK 16.16.16 fertilizer have been undertaken.

Adsorption of diethylchlorophosphate on metal oxide nanoparticles under static conditions.

Nanoparticles of MgO, Al(2)O(3), CaO and SiO(2) were synthesized using aerogel route, and characterized by N(2)-BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA and FT-IR techniques. Characterization indicated 2-75 nm diameter nanoparticles with 135-887 m(2)/g surface area and microporous-mesoporous characteristics. Prepared nanoparticles were tested for their adsorptive potential by conducting studies on kinetics of adsorption of diethylchlorophosphate under static conditions.

Kinetics of adsorptive removal of DEClP and GB on impregnated Al2O3 nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles of AP-Al(2)O(3) (aero-gel produced alumina) have been produced by an alkoxide based synthesis involving aluminum powder, methanol, toluene and water. Thus produced alumina nanoparticles were characterized and the data indicated the formation of nanoparticles of alumina in the size range of 2-30 nm with high surface area (375 m(2)/g). Thereafter, these nanoparticles were impregnated with reactive chemicals.

Fire retardant effects of polymer nanocomposites.

Among the many and varied applications of nanotechnology, the dispersion of nanoscopic fillers to form polymer nanocomposites with improved fire behaviour illustrates the potential and diversity of nanoscience. Different polymers decompose in different ways and fire retardants act to inhibit the decomposition or flaming combustion processes. Polymer nanocomposites form barriers between the fuel and air, reducing the rate of burning, but beyond that there is little consistency in their effects.

Ability of the Fire Propagation Apparatus to characterise the heat release rate of energetic materials.

Energetic materials encompass a wide range of chemical compounds. They react very rapidly releasing large amounts of energy. One of their peculiarities is that they carry an oxidizer and do not require oxygen from the air as their primary reaction partner.

Sorption of lead, mercury and cadmium ions in multi-component system using carbon aerogel as adsorbent.

In the present study, adsorption of three metal ions Pb(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II) on carbon aerogel a new form of activated carbon has been investigated in mono- and multi-component (binary and tertiary) system. Batch experiments were also carried out for mono- and multi-component systems with varying metal ion concentration (mg/l) to investigate the competitive adsorption characteristics. Many adsorbents have been studied for their adsorption properties pertaining to mono-component solutions of metal ions.

Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by treated sawdust (Acacia arabica).

The removal of Cr(VI), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Cu(II), by treated sawdust has been found to be concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorption capacity for treated sawdust, i.

Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions by mustard husk.

The adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions on mustard husk has been found to be concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behavior of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions on mustard husk satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions, i.

Removal of lead(II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: batch and column studies.

In the present study, a deeper understanding of adsorption behavior of Pb(II) from aqueous systems onto activated carbon and treated activated carbon has been attempted via static and column mode studies under various conditions. It probes mainly two adsorbents that is, activated carbon (AC) and modified activated carbon (AC-S). Characterization of both the adsorbents was one of the key focal areas of the present study.

A pilot scale evaluation for adsorptive removal of lead (II) using treated granular activated carbon.

Wastewaters discharged from the defence serviceable industries pose a serious environmental hazard due to their heavy metal load. The present study focused on optimizing the operational variables viz, hydraulic loading rate, bed height and feed concentration through bench scale study and using that for assessing the efficiency of pilot scale system with sulphur loaded carbon (AC-S) as the adsorbent in the removal of Pb (II). Static mode adsorption studies were also carried out for Pb (II) removal using treated (AC-S) and untreated carbon (AC).

Oxidation of cyanide in aqueous solution by chemical and photochemical process.

Cyanide waste is found predominantly in industrial effluents generated from metallurgical operations. The toxicity of cyanide creates serious environmental problems. In this paper, oxidation of cyanide in aqueous solution was investigated using chemical and photochemical process.