Update on the clinical applications of SGLTis: Insight to benefits beyond hypoglycemic and cardiorenal protection.

Sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitor (SGLTi) drugs have been widely used in clinical practice. In addition to their benefits in hyperglycemia, heart failure (HF), and kidney disease, their effects on obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly named nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), abnormal lipid metabolism, hyperuricemia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), anemia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD, formerly named syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone [SIADH]) have been explored. In this review, we searched the data of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of SGLTis in patients with diabetes from the PubMed library between January 1, 2020, and February 1, 2024.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Young and Adolescents: Alike or Unlike Adult Hyperparathyroidism? - A Series from South India.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine condition but rare in the pediatric and adolescent populations. The presentations can be unique, accounting for significant morbidity in the case of untimely detection.

Aim: To study surgically treated pediatric PHPT retrospectively.

COVID-19 in adults: test menu for hospital blood science laboratories.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a respiratory illness caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Clinical Blood Sciences Laboratory (CBSL) plays a key role in supporting the monitoring and management of patients with COVID-19 disease.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive CBSL testing protocol to support the medical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A comparative effectiveness study of degludec and insulin glargine 300 U/mL in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To compare the real-world effectiveness of insulin degludec (degludec) and glargine 300 units/mL (glargine U300) in insulin-naïve adult patients with type 2 diabetes in routine US clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: CONFIRM is a non-interventional comparative effectiveness study following US patients across the continuum of care, through electronic medical records from multiple health systems and integrated delivery networks. Propensity-score matching controlled for confounding.

SPECTRUM.

Background: Optimal usage of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) requires adequate training of the users. Providing patients with a CGM system without such a training usually doesn't lead to the intended improvement in metabolic control.

Methods: In Germany we developed a structured training program ("SPECTRUM") to ensure a high quality standard for the use of CGM systems.

Management of postprandial glucose: Recommended targets and treatment with biphasic insulin.

Increases in glycaemia, particularly following meals, have been independently associated with diabetes complications, most notably cardiovascular disease. Control of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) therefore plays an important role in diabetes management. International diabetes guidelines acknowledge the value of PPG monitoring yet place relatively little emphasis on PPG control.

Health economics analysis of insulin aspart vs. regular human insulin in type 2 diabetes patients, based on observational real life evidence from general practices in Germany.

Background: A retrospective analysis of German general practice data demonstrated that insulin aspart (IA) was associated with a significantly reduced incidence of macrovascular events (MVE: stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease or coronary heart disease) vs. regular human insulin (RHI) in type 2 diabetes patients. Economic implications, balanced against potential improvements in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) resulting from lower risks of complications with IA in this setting have not yet been explored.

Diabetes and cancer: Could vitamin D provide the link?

Diabetes and cancer are common diseases that may co-exist in the same individual. There is significant evidence that patients with diabetes have increased risk of developing certain cancers, especially colorectal, pancreatic and primary hepatic cancer. There is also good evidence that low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk of diabetes and increased risk of colorectal, and possibly other, cancers.

Clinical Outcomes After Insulin Initiation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: 24-Month Results from INSTIGATE.

Introduction: To examine changes in insulin regimens and glycemic control during the 24 months after initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Data were collected over a 24-month period from patients requiring insulin initiation as part of usual care, in a prospective, observational study. Changes in insulin regimens and hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) were examined within countries (Germany, Greece, Spain) and overall.

Clinical outcomes after insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month data from the INSTIGATE observational study in five European countries.

Objectives: To examine insulin regimens and factors that affect glycaemic control at 6 months after initiation of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Research Design And Methods: Information on patients requiring insulin initiation as part of usual care was collected in a prospective, observational, open-label study in five European countries. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate factors associated with HbA1c achieved at 6 months.

Setting up an osteoporosis fracture liaison service: background and potential outcomes.

A large evidence base now exists for treatment interventions that will reduce fracture risk. However, the key area of practice now is how to get this evidence base into clinical practice. All health-care systems are subject to financial constraints, and therefore it is important that all areas of clinical practice can demonstrate that they are able to deliver care in a cost-effective manner.

Managing diabetes: what to do about cardiovascular disease.

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) 2-4-fold, making CHD the predominant cause of death in patients with diabetes. Currently identified risk factors include, among others, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Since studies show that intensive glycaemic control alone will not overcome the excess CHD risk, reducing blood pressure by any means and lipid levels by using statins and fibrates is effective in reducing CHD and associated mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Successful treatment of Graves disease in pregnancy with Lugol's iodine.

We report a case of Grave's disease in pregnancy complicated by intolerance of standard antithyroid drug therapy. We describe the success of prolonged use of organic iodine as a primary treatment prior to surgical intervention.