Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on Treating Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer After CDK4/6 Inhibitors.

Introduction: The optimal treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after progression on cyclin-dependent 4/6 kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase-II/-III randomized trials of ER + MBC post CDK4/6i + ET progression. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using generic inverse variance and odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method for adverse events (AEs) with Review-Manager version-5.

What enabled the successful implementation of a quality certification initiative in Bhavnagar, Gujarat? A policy analysis case study.

High-quality health systems are key to improving population health outcomes globally. In India, the National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) is a certification policy adopted by the government to improve the quality of care in public health facilities. This policy aims to assess public health facilities through a set of comprehensive, pre-defined standards derived from global best practices.

Development and Preliminary Validation of a Novel Instrument to Assess Re-Injury Associated Anxiety Following Traumatic Orofacial and Dental Injury in Young Boxers.

Background/aim: An injury sustained during sports activity can lead to the development of reinjury anxiety and hamper performance. Although tools exist to assess re-injury anxiety, a domain of interest in the field of sports medicine, research in the psychological impact of an orofacial injury is rudimentary. The present study envisaged to develop an instrument to assess the presence of reinjury anxiety following orofacial and dental injury in boxers aged between 10 and 16 years.

Diagnosing anaemia via smartphone colorimetry of the eye in a population of pregnant women.

Objective Screening for disease using a smartphone camera is an emerging tool for conditions such as jaundice and anaemia, which are associated with a colour change (yellowing in jaundice; pallor in anaemia) of the external tissues. Based on this, we aimed to test a technique to non-invasively screen for anaemia in a population highly affected by anaemia: pregnant women in India. In this group, anaemia can have severe health consequences for both the mother and child.

Association of anemia with poor housing quality among older Indian adults: Multilevel modeling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional study in India.

Introduction: Anemia is an important public health disorder. There is a significant chunk of India's population residing in poor housing quality with inadequate sanitation and hygiene, which might lead to higher anemia prevalence. The objective was to determine the association between anemia with poor housing quality among the older Indian adult population (≥45 years) as per residence.

Digital Monitoring of Anemia Control Measures in a District Using Anemia Mukt Bharat Health Management Information System Indicators.

Introduction: Anemia is a severe public health problem in India, affecting more than 50% of individuals across most age groups. The Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) program, with a target of a three-percentage point reduction in anemia prevalence per year, developed a monitoring mechanism based on a set of 18 indicators and six key performance indicators (KPIs) derived from routine reporting in the Health Management Information System (HMIS). The study's objective was to assess the status of anemia control measures in the district of Faridabad, Haryana, India, using AMB HMIS indicators from April 2018 to March 2019.

Leveraging Medico-Legal Interventions as a Last Resort to Save the Lives of High-Risk Mothers and Children: Case Studies From Rural Haryana, India.

Vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and young children, can face barriers to timely and essential healthcare, primarily due to their dependence on caregivers. Medico-legal interventions are effective tools to protect high-risk populations when traditional methods fail. Based on my experience as a Medical Officer In-Charge of a Primary Health Center in rural Haryana, India, I present three case studies where legal assistance was used to ensure necessary medical care.

Intravenous iron sucrose when administered to moderately anemic pregnant women raises the hemoglobin concentration and replenishes body iron at 6 months.

Introduction: Intravenous iron sucrose (IVIS) is a rapidly acting, safe, and effective treatment for moderate anemia among pregnant women. The effectiveness of IVIS at 6 months post IVIS infusion was unknown. We, therefore, assessed the mean increase in hemoglobin concentration and body iron replenishment status at 6 months after the last dose of IVIS infusion.

Learning Curve for Dynamic Navigation Procedure during Endodontic Management of Permanent Maxillary Anterior Teeth with Pulp Canal Calcification: A Risk-Adjusted Cumulative Summation Analysis of a Single Operator's Experience.

Introduction: The dynamic navigation system (DNS) in endodontics presents a significant learning curve. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the number of cases required to achieve consistent performance in DNS-assisted treatment of maxillary anterior teeth with pulp canal calcification.

Methods: A series of DNS procedures were performed on 45 calcified maxillary anterior teeth with pulp necrosis by a single endodontist who had no prior clinical DNS experience.

Standardisation of Blood Pressure Measurement Among Patients Attending an Urban Primary Health Centre: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential for detecting, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring hypertensive individuals. This qualitative improvement initiative study is aimed at improving adherence to standardised BP measurement protocols in an urban primary health centre in Delhi, India. This study was conducted using a checklist based on World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines.

Diabetes distress and associated factors among adults with diabetes mellitus residing in a metropolitan city of India: a community-based study.

Background: Diabetes distress "refers to the negative emotional or affective experiences resulting from the challenge of living with the demands of diabetes." Despite recommendations to screen for distress at regular intervals, it usually remains undiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes distress among adults living with diabetes, determine the factors associated with distress, the association between selfcare and distress, glycemic control and distress and compare the health-related quality of life among those with and without distress.

Essential programme on immunization in WHO South-East Asia: A five-decade journey of saving millions of lives & ending diseases.

Vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective interventions designed by science which has helped in preventing millions of deaths, especially in children. The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was established by World Health Organization (WHO) in 1974 to develop immunization programmes throughout the world with polio, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis and whooping cough. The WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR) has a disproportionately high burden of infectious diseases and has greatly benefitted from the EPI as compared to other regions with more than 90 per cent of the population having access to vaccines.

Impact of school closure during COVID-19 pandemic on school-going children in a rural population of Haryana: A qualitative study.

Background: The Government of India undertook several measures for COVID-19 pandemic, of which school closure was one. This led to sudden shift of teaching methods from classroom-based to online mode. This study aimed to understand the effects of school closure on children during lockdown period.

Anaemia and selected micronutrient deficiencies among young women in rural North India - A community-based study.

Introduction: Anaemia is a major problem which affects half of young Indian women, impacting their health, education, and offspring. Despite ongoing efforts, a comprehensive understanding of anaemia remains limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anaemia among young women in rural Haryana and explore its causes comprehensively, which would help in tailoring targeted interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level.

Development and Validation of a Novel Tool to Measure Medication Adherence for Noncommunicable Diseases in India: Protocol for an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Multicentric Study.

Background: In high-income countries, only 50% of patients treated for chronic diseases adhere to the prescribed treatment. This issue is even more pronounced in resource-limited countries. Medication adherence scales are simple, low-cost approaches to identify nonadherence in clinical practice.

Neural interference effects on lateral vestibulospinal tract excitability by noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation.

Objective: Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) using weak random noise waveforms enhances postural stability by modulating vestibular-related neural networks. This study aimed to investigate the neural interference mechanisms of noisy GVS on lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) excitability.

Methods: Twenty-six healthy volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: balance training combined with noisy GVS and sham GVS.

Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of Gazelle: A point-of-care testing device for screening β-thalassemia trait.

Background & objectives Timely detection of population with β-thalassemia trait (BTT) followed by genetic counselling is an advocated method of preventing the birth of a child with β-thalassemia major. In this study we aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Gazelle, a point-of-care (POC) testing device, in screening for BTT in hospital laboratory setting. Methods Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines were followed in developing study design, recruiting study participants and sample size calculation for the current research.

Mental Illnesses and Stigma among Medical Undergraduates in India.

The current Medical Education system of India, with its enormous workload and academic demands tend to cause the medical students stress. There is evidence showing medical students at a higher risk of depression, anxiety and burnout compared to other Indian students. Despite, the huge reported numbers, the proportion of students and doctors who seek help for their problems is alarmingly low.

How sleep duration impacts cognitive status among Indian population aged ≥45 years: Evidence from Longitudinal Aging Study India (LASI).

Introduction: An aging population is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. Sleep duration, both excess and deficiency, is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between sleep duration and cognition in the Indian population.

Effectiveness of Home-Based Self-monitoring of Blood Pressure in a Primary Care set-up of India (EASE-BP): Protocol for an Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Objectives: Rising hypertension from inadequate detection, noncompliance with treatment, and poor control presents a major public health challenge. Previously, adopting the strategy of self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) showed better hypertension detection, control, and medication adherence. However, evidence from India is scarce.

Ten-year risk assessment for cardiovascular disease & associated factors among adult Indians (aged 40-69 yr): Insights from the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).

Background & objectives Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are extremely prevalent in India, making early detection of people at high risk for CVDs and prevention crucial. This study aimed to estimate CVD risk distribution in older adults (40-69 yr) in India using WHO's non-laboratory risk chart and identify factors associated with elevated CVD risk (10%). Methods The current study used a nationally representative sample of 40-69 yr adults in India.

Strengthening cardiac services in Faridabad District: A facility mapping exercise to explore implementation of a hub-and-spoke model.

Background & objectives Improving access to acute cardiac care requires remodelling of existing health systems into a service delivery network with an anchor establishment (Hub) offering a full array of services, complemented by spoke establishments that offer limited services. We assessed the availability of cardiac services in the district of Faridabad in the northern State of Haryana, India and explored the feasibility and challenges of implementing a hub-and-spoke model. Methods In 2019-2020, we listed all the facilities in private and public sectors in the study-district and mapped their geocoordinates with the help of QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) software version 3.