Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study.

Background: Adolescent girls with diagnoses of autism, ADHD and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at higher risk for mental health problems than boys with the same diagnoses and neurotypical girls. These girls are called neurodivergent here, though neurodivergence includes a broader range of diagnoses. One possible reason for this mental health disparity could be camouflaging, a coping strategy used more by girls.

Artificial intelligence-based rapid brain volumetry substantially improves differential diagnosis in dementia.

Introduction: This study evaluates the clinical value of a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) system that performs rapid brain volumetry with automatic lobe segmentation and age- and sex-adjusted percentile comparisons.

Methods: Fifty-five patients-17 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 20 healthy controls-underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Two board-certified neuroradiologists (BCNR), two board-certified radiologists (BCR), and three radiology residents (RR) assessed the scans twice: first without AI support and then with AI assistance.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tissue Signatures Associated With White Matter Changes Due to Sporadic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Indicate That White Matter Hyperintensities Can Regress.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) might regress and progress contemporaneously, but we know little about underlying mechanisms. We examined WMH change and underlying quantitative magnetic resonance imaging tissue measures over 1 year in patients with minor ischemic stroke with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods And Results: We defined areas of stable normal-appearing white matter, stable WMHs, progressing and regressing WMHs based on baseline and 1-year brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Activin type I receptor polymorphisms and body composition in older individuals with sarcopenia-Analyses from the LACE randomised controlled trial.

Background: Ageing is associated with changes in body composition including an overall reduction in muscle mass and a proportionate increase in fat mass. Sarcopenia is characterised by losses in both muscle mass and strength. Body composition and muscle strength are at least in part genetically determined, consequently polymorphisms in pathways important in muscle biology (e.

Antithrombotic treatment after intracerebral hemorrhage: Surveys among stroke physicians in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom.

Background And Aims: It is unclear whether patients with previous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) should receive antithrombotic treatment to prevent ischemic events. We assessed stroke physicians' opinions about this, and their views on randomizing patients in trials assessing this question.

Methods: We conducted three web-based surveys among stroke physicians in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom.

Weight loss in a cardiovascular trial population identifies people at future risk of dementia.

Introduction: Populations at increased risk of dementia need to be identified for well-powered trials of preventive interventions. Weight loss, which often occurs in pre-clinical dementia, could identify a population at sufficiently high dementia risk.

Methods: In 12,975 survivors in the Heart Protection Study statin trial of people with, or at high risk of, cardiovascular disease, the association of weight change over 5 years during the trial with post-trial dementia recorded in electronic hospital admission and death records ( = 784) was assessed, after adjustment for age, sex, treatment allocation, and deprivation measures.

Repeated Measures of Modified Rankin Scale Scores to Assess Functional Recovery From Stroke: AFFINITY Study Findings.

Background Function after acute stroke using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is usually assessed at a point in time. The analytical implications of serial mRS measurements to evaluate functional recovery over time is not completely understood. We compare repeated-measures and single-measure analyses of the mRS from a randomized clinical trial.

Systematic Review of Cerebral Phenotypes Associated With Monogenic Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease.

Background Cerebral small-vessel disease (cSVD) is an important cause of stroke and vascular dementia. Most cases are multifactorial, but an emerging minority have a monogenic cause. While is the best-known gene, several others have been reported.

Genome- and epigenome-wide studies of plasma protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease implicate TBCA and TREM2 in disease risk.

Introduction: The levels of many blood proteins are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or its pathological hallmarks. Elucidating the molecular factors that control circulating levels of these proteins may help to identify proteins associated with disease risk mechanisms.

Methods: Genome-wide and epigenome-wide studies (n ≤1064) were performed on plasma levels of 282 AD-associated proteins, identified by a structured literature review.

Effect of perindopril or leucine on physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: the LACE randomized controlled trial.

Background: This trial aimed to determine the efficacy of leucine and/or perindopril in improving physical function in older people with sarcopenia.

Methods: Placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind, randomized two-by-two factorial trial. We recruited adults aged ≥ 70 years with sarcopenia, defined as low gait speed (<0.

Identification of plasma proteins relating to brain neurodegeneration and vascular pathology in cognitively normal individuals.

Introduction: This study aims to first discover plasma proteomic biomarkers relating to neurodegeneration (N) and vascular (V) damage in cognitively normal individuals and second to discover proteins mediating sex-related difference in N and V pathology.

Methods: Five thousand and thirty-two plasma proteins were measured in 1061 cognitively normal individuals (628 females and 433 males), nearly 90% of whom had magnetic resonance imaging measures of hippocampal volume (as N) and white matter hyperintensities (as V).

Results: Differential protein expression analysis and co-expression network analysis revealed different proteins and modules associated with N and V, respectively.

Transcranial ultrasound pulse stimulation reduces cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's patients: A follow-up study.

Introduction: Ultrasound for the brain is a revolutionary therapeutic concept. The first clinical data indicate that 2-4 weeks of therapy with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) improve functional networks and cognitive performance of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients for up to 3 months. No data currently exist on possible benefits concerning brain morphology, namely the cortical atrophy characteristic of AD.

Outcomes in Antiplatelet-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the TICH-2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Antiplatelet therapy increases the risk of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) while the effect on functional outcome is uncertain. Methods and Results This is an exploratory analysis of the TICH-2 (Tranexamic Acid in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-2) double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which studied the efficacy of tranexamic acid in patients with spontaneous ICH within 8 hours of onset. Multivariable logistic regression and ordinal regression were performed to explore the relationship between pre-ICH antiplatelet therapy, and 24-hour hematoma expansion and day 90 modified Rankin Scale score, as well as the effect of tranexamic acid.

The impact of assistive technology on burden and psychological well-being in informal caregivers of people with dementia (ATTILA Study).

Introduction: Assistive technology and telecare (ATT) may alleviate psychological burden in informal caregivers of people with dementia. This study assessed the impact of ATT on informal caregivers' burden and psychological well-being.

Methods: Individuals with dementia and their informal caregivers were recruited to a randomized-controlled trial assessing effectiveness of ATT.

Comparison of Cox proportional hazards regression and generalized Cox regression models applied in dementia risk prediction.

Introduction: The frequently used Cox regression applies two critical assumptions, which might not hold for all predictors. In this study, the results from a Cox regression model (CM) and a generalized Cox regression model (GCM) are compared.

Methods: Data are from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which includes approximately 140,000 individuals aged 50 or older followed over seven waves.

DNA methylation in APOE: The relationship with Alzheimer's and with cardiovascular health.

Introduction: Genetic variation in the apolipoprotein E () gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). DNA methylationat has been associated with altered cognition and AD. It is unclear if epigenetic marks could be used for predicting future disease.

Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering in Patients With Renal Impairment and Lacunar Stroke.

See Article Agarwal et al.

How Do I Explain the Diagnosis of Functional Movement Disorder to a Patient?

Functional movement disorders (FMDs) are common in neurological practice and a source of significant distress and disability. There is consensus that successful explanation which helps the patient feel confident that the diagnosis is correct is an essential platform for further treatment. Many doctors find delivering the diagnosis difficult.

-synuclein RT-QuIC in cerebrospinal fluid of LRRK2-linked Parkinson's disease.

Background: Leucine-rich kinase 2 (LRRK2)-linked Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic PD (IPD). A pleiotropic neuropathology has been recognized but the majority of studies in LRRK2 p.G2019S patients reveal Lewy-type synucleinopathy as its principal histological substrate.

Coupled changes in hippocampal structure and cognitive ability in later life.

Introduction: The hippocampus plays an important role in cognitive abilities which often decline with advancing age.

Methods: In a longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults, we investigated whether there were coupled changes in hippocampal structure and verbal memory, working memory, and processing speed between the ages of 73 ( = 655) and 76 years ( = 469). Hippocampal structure was indexed by hippocampal volume, hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume (H_ICV), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and longitudinal relaxation time (T1).

-glycosylation and expression in human tissues of the orphan GPR61 receptor.

A number of members of the G protein-coupled receptor class of cell surface receptors are 'orphans' with no known endogenous ligand. One of these orphan receptors is GPR61; there are little data about its expression in human cells and tissues. In this study, we investigated the post-translational modification of GPR61 by glycosylation at an identified consensus -glycosylation site (N12) and the impact of this modification upon the subcellular expression of the protein.

Improving our understanding of the modelling of psychotic disorders: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychosis represents a set of symptoms against which current available treatments are not universally effective and are often accompanied by adverse side effects. Clinical management could potentially be improved with a greater understanding of the underlying biology and subsequently with the introduction of novel treatments. Since many clinical drug candidates are identified through modelling, a deeper understanding of the pre-clinical field, might help us understand why translation of results from animal models to inform mental health clinical practice has so far been weak.