Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Identification of Antibacterial Compounds from Invasive Tree of Heaven Stem and Trunk Bark.

Flash column chromatographic fractionation of tree of heaven () stem and trunk bark extracts, guided by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)- assay and TLC-heated electrospray high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HESI-HRMS/MS), lead to the isolation of six known compounds: (9,11)-13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE, ), (10,12)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE, ), hexadecanedioic acid (thapsic acid, ), 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (juniperic acid, ), 16-feruloyloxypalmitic acid (alpinagalanate, ), and canthin-6-one (). Their structures were elucidated by HESI-HRMS/MS and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This is the first study identifying - in tree.

Divergent contribution of environmental factors to soil organic and inorganic carbon in different land use types in a forest-grassland ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China.

Understanding the comprehensive impacts of environmental factors on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in different land use types is of great significance for sustainable soil management. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and structural equation modelling were applied to reveal the driving mechanism of SOC, SIC and the ratio between SOC to SIC (SOC/SIC) in three major land use types (forest, grassland and farmland) in a forest-grassland ecotone (FGE) of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China. Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual temperature (MAP) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were selected by LASSO as the three most important environmental factors affecting SOC, SIC and SOC/SIC in all land use types.

Viral coat proteins decrease the gene silencing activity of cognate and heterologous viral suppressors.

Plant viruses have evolved different viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to counteract RNA silencing which is a small RNA-mediated sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism. Previous studies have already shown that the coat protein (CP) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) reduced RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity of the VSR of CMV, the 2b protein. To demonstrate the universality of this CP-VSR interference, our study included three different viruses: CMV and peanut stunt virus (PSV) from the Bromoviridae, and plum pox virus (PPV) from the Potyviridae family.

Genotyping-by-sequencing uncovers a Thinopyrum 4StS·1JS Robertsonian translocation linked to multiple stress tolerances in bread wheat.

GBS read coverage analysis identified a Robertsonian chromosome from two Thinopyrum subgenomes in wheat, conferring leaf and stripe rust resistance, drought tolerance, and maintaining yield stability. Agropyron glael (GLAEL), a Thinopyrum intermedium × Th. ponticum hybrid, serves as a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement.

New Antioxidant Caffeate Esters of Fatty Alcohols Identified in .

The stem bark of black locust ( L.) was extracted, and nine antioxidant compounds (-) were detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with the radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, multi-detection, and heated electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. For structure elucidation, the methanolic crude extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction, and the compounds were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.

Optimizing Tomato () Yield Under Salt Stress: The Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Foliar Thiourea Application.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of thiourea exogenous application (0 mg/L and 100 mg/L) on the morphological, physiological, and yield traits of two varieties of tomato (Naqeeb and Nadir) under different salt stress treatments (0, 60, and 120 mM) in completely randomized design (CRD). The imposition of salinity by rooting medium showed that salt stress reduced plant height by 20%, fresh shoot weight by 50%, dry shoot weight by 78%, fresh root weight by 43%, dry root weight by 84%, root length by 34%, shoot length by 32%, shoot K by 47%, Ca by 70%, chlorophyll a by 30%, chlorophyll b by 67%, and the number of seeds per berry by 53%, while shoot Na ions were increased by 90% in comparison to those grown with control treatment. However, the exogenous application of thiourea significantly enhanced dry root weight by 25% and the number of seeds per berry by 20% in comparison to untreated plants with thiourea when grown under salt stress.

A Graph-based Goat Pangenome Reveals Structural Variations Involved in Domestication and Adaptation.

Pangenomes can facilitate a deeper understanding of genome complexity. Using de novo phased long-read assemblies of eight representative goat breeds, we constructed a graph-based pangenome of goats (Capra hircus) and discovered 113-Mb autosomal novel sequences. Combining this multi-assembly pangenome with low-coverage PacBio HiFi sequences, we constructed a long-read structural variations (SVs) database containing 59,325 SV deletions, 84,910 SV insertions, and 24,954 other complex SV alleles.

Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group.

The known distribution and habitat information of the three described species of the genus Thaumastella Horváth, 1896 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea: Thaumastellidae) are reviewed. In addition a fourth, undescribed species is reported from South Africa (Western Cape). Thaumastella aradoides Horváth, 1896, is recorded for the first time from Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the states of Khartoum and Sennar in Sudan.

Extraction of chitin and chitosan from Hermetia illucens breeding waste: A greener approach for industrial application.

Sustainably exploiting the waste of the black soldier fly (BSF) to produce chitin and chitosan remains a challenge. This work valorizes the pupal cases of BSF for chitin and chitosan extraction. Four chemical extraction processes have been employed.

Gridded, temporally referenced spatial information on soil organic carbon for Hungary.

Soil organic carbon (SOC), known as the most important soil attribute, affects various soil functions and services, essential for nutritious food and clean drinking water. Since recognizing its key role in many environmental challenges, there has been an increasing demand for spatial information on SOC. Our objective is to present the results of a mapping activity aimed at producing spatially exhaustive information on SOC content, density, and stock for the topsoils of Hungary for 1992 and 2000.

Understanding Solid Waste Collectors' Awareness of Occupational Hazards and Personal Protective Equipment Practices in Northern Malawi.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Solid Waste Collectors' (SWCs) knowledge of occupational hazards, their views on personal protective equipment (PPE), strategies for PPE use, and challenges in managing occupational risks. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of protective measures in addressing occupational hazards, but there is a need for further research to assess the knowledge levels of waste collectors regarding these hazards and PPE practices. This study used a qualitative research technique, particularly, a phenomenological research design to capture the living experiences from SWCs.

Impact of Dried Thyme Leaf Meal on Production Performance, Egg Quality and Blood Parameters of Laying Hens.

Background: The use of commercially extracted phytogenic compounds to maintain poultry health and productivity in the absence of in-feed antibiotics is prohibitively costly in developing countries.

Objectives: The goal of the study is to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Thymus schimperi leaf meal (TLM) on production performance, egg quality and haemato-biochemical parameters of Bovan brown layers.

Methods: A total of 96 laying hens at 25 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replications each.

A single NLR gene confers resistance to leaf and stripe rust in wheat.

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) disease resistance genes typically confer resistance against races of a single pathogen. Here, we report that Yr87/Lr85, an NLR gene from Aegilops sharonensis and Aegilops longissima, confers resistance against both P. striiformis tritici (Pst) and Puccinia triticina (Pt) that cause stripe and leaf rust, respectively.

DArTseq genotyping facilitates identification of Aegilops biuncialis chromatin introgressed into bread wheat Mv9kr1.

Wild wheat relative Aegilops biuncialis offers valuable traits for crop improvement through interspecific hybridization. However, gene transfer from Aegilops has been hampered by difficulties in detecting introgressed U- and M-genome chromatin in the wheat background at high resolution. The present study applied DArTseq technology to genotype two backcrossed populations (BC382, BC642) derived from crosses of wheat line Mv9kr1 with Ae.

The impact of the herd health interventions in small ruminants in low input production systems in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Diseases have a negative impact on production and profitability of small ruminants. A good herd health program can decrease the number of sick animals and improve herd performance.

Methods: In a longitudinal study, small ruminant herd health interventions such as community-based strategic gastrointestinal (GI) parasite control, prevention and control of major respiratory diseases and capacity development activities were implemented.

The adoption non-adoption dichotomy: Why do smallholder producers dis-adopt improved chicken breeds?

Adopting agricultural technologies is crucial to improve productivity and livelihoods in developing countries. While much research has focused on adoption decisions, understanding dis-adoption, when farmers stop using technology, is equally important. Studies on agricultural technology adoption often treat dis-adopters (those who initially adopted but later discontinued to use) and never-adopters (those who never adopted) as the same, using binary models to analyze farmers' decisions.

Analysis of Mycorrhization Trends and Undesired Fungi Species in Three- and Six-Year-Old Plantations in Hungary.

is a key truffle species with significant ecological and economic value. Despite its importance, plantation success can be influenced by soil pH, host plants, and undesired fungi. This study examines how soil pH and host plants influence mycorrhization trends in plantations across six plant species in eight Hungarian settlements, using root sampling and DNA analysis to assess plantations at three and six years of age.

Description of sp. nov., a new hard tick species (Acari, Ixodidae) collected from mouse-eared bats (Vespertilionidae, ) in Vietnam.

Historically, for more than one and a half centuries, only one so-called "long-legged bat tick" species, i.e., Koch was known to science.

Water-soluble organic selenometabolites of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) green biomass-derived fractions.

Background: Tolerance of plants towards selenium, a non-essential microelement for higher plants, is a key issue when designing either the indirect (selenium-depletion from highly seleniferous soils) or directed (selenized feed production) enrichment of selenium in forages. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the well-known forage crop of the Fabaceae family, has been gaining considerable interest due to its application as a green manure, as a cover crop, or in soil remediation by nitrogen fixation.