Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers, Brain Structural and Cognitive Performances Between Normotensive and Hypertensive Controlled, Uncontrolled and Untreated 70-Year-Old Adults.

Hypertension is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between AD and hypertension are not fully understood, but they most likely involve microvascular dysfunction and cerebrovascular pathology. Although previous studies have assessed the impact of hypertension on different markers of brain integrity, no study has yet provided a comprehensive comparison of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and structural brain differences between normotensive and hypertensive groups in a single and large cohort of older adults in relationship to cognitive performances.

The protective gene dose effect of the APOE ε2 allele on gray matter volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Introduction: Harboring two copies of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 allele strongly protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of this genotype on gray matter (GM) volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals has not yet been described.

Methods: Multicenter brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from cognitively unimpaired ε2 homozygotes were matched (1:1) against all other APOE genotypes for relevant confounders (n = 223).

Comparison of the 2010 and 2019 diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) in two cohorts of Swedish older adults.

Background: The operational definition of sarcopenia has been updated (EWGSOP2) and apply different cut-off points compared to previous criteria (EWGSOP1). Therefore, we aim to compare the sarcopenia prevalence and the association with mortality and dependence in activities of daily living using the 2010 (EWGSOP1 and 2019 (EWGSOP2 operational definition, applying cut-offs at two levels using T-scores.

Methods: Two birth cohorts, 70 and 85-years-old (n = 884 and n = 157, respectively), were assessed cross-sectionally (57% women).

Evaluation of High Cholesterol and Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults Using Individual Patient Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Although increased cholesterol level has been acknowledged as a risk factor for dementia, evidence synthesis based on published data has yielded mixed results. This is especially relevant in older adults where individual studies report non-linear relationships between cholesterol and cognition and, in some cases, find higher cholesterol associated with a lower risk of subsequent cognitive decline or dementia. Prior evidence synthesis based on published results has not allowed us to focus on older adults or to standardize analyses across studies.

Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds.

Purpose: To investigate potential interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors modulating risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in relation to incident dementia.

Methods: Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden, including 602 dementia-free 70-year-olds (examined 1992-93, or 2000-02; 64% women) followed for incident dementia until 2016. Two factors from a reduced rank regression analysis were translated into dietary patterns, one healthy (e.

A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer's disease.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent age-related polygenic disease that accounts for 50-70% of dementia cases. Currently, only a fraction of the genetic variants underlying Alzheimer's disease have been identified. Here we show that increased sample sizes allowed identification of seven previously unidentified genetic loci contributing to Alzheimer's disease.

Perceptions of providing safe care for frail older people at home: A qualitative study based on focus group interviews with home care staff.

Background: Providing safe care is a core competence in healthcare. The concept usually refers to hospitals but, consistent with the increasing importance of integrated care, the provision of safe care needs to be extended to the context of home care, and more research is needed concerning home healthcare providers' perspectives in this context.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe care providers' perceptions of providing safe care for frail older persons living at home.

Sex Difference in the Relation Between Marital Status and Dementia Risk in Two Population-Based Cohorts.

Background: The modifying effect of sex on the relation between marital status and dementia has yet to be determined.

Objective: To examine if sex modifies the association between marital status and incident dementia.

Methods: Population-based samples from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA, N = 3,471) and the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (H70-study, N = 913) were used.

Reproductive period and preclinical cerebrospinal fluid markers for Alzheimer disease: a 25-year study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the association between reproductive period, as an indicator of endogenous estrogen, and levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: A population-based sample of women from Gothenburg, Sweden was followed from 1968 to 1994 (N = 75). All women had natural menopause and were free from dementia.

A genome-wide association study of plasma phosphorylated tau181.

Plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine-181 (P-tau181) demonstrates promise as an accessible blood-based biomarker specific to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), with levels recently demonstrating high predictive accuracy for AD-relevant pathology. The genetic underpinnings of P-tau181 levels, however, remain elusive. This study presents the first genome-wide association study of plasma P-tau181 in a total sample of 1153 participants from 2 independent cohorts.

A Western-style dietary pattern is associated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels for preclinical Alzheimer's disease-A population-based cross-sectional study among 70-year-olds.

Background: Diet may be a modifiable factor for reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Western-style dietary patterns are considered to increase the risk, whereas Mediterranean-style dietary patterns are considered to reduce the risk. An association between diet and AD-related biomarkers have been suggested, but studies are limited.

Self-perceived functional ability and performance-based testing of physical function in older women with or without long-term back pain - results of the H70 study.

Background: The proportion of older adults is increasing rapidly, and the majority are female. In 2050, the number of persons aged 60 years and over is estimated to reach 2.1 billion worldwide, constituting one-third of the total population of Europe.

Sex differences in CSF biomarkers for neurodegeneration and blood-brain barrier integrity.

Introduction: As cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light protein (NfL) and the CSF/serum albumin ratio (Q) are used in the clinical routine, the impact of demographic factors on these biomarkers is important to understand.

Methods: Participants were derived from two Swedish samples: the population-based H70 Study (n = 308, age 70) and a clinical routine cohort (CSF NfL, n = 8995, Q, n = 39252, age 0 to 95). In the population-based study, Q and NfL were examined in relation to sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs).

Association of CSF proteins with tau and amyloid β levels in asymptomatic 70-year-olds.

Background: Increased knowledge of the evolution of molecular changes in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for the understanding of disease pathophysiology and also crucial to be able to identify and validate disease biomarkers. While several biological changes that occur early in the disease development have already been recognized, the need for further characterization of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD still remains.

Methods: In this study, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 104 proteins in 307 asymptomatic 70-year-olds from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies using a multiplexed antibody- and bead-based technology.

Effects of amyloid pathology and the APOE ε4 allele on the association between cerebrospinal fluid Aβ38 and Aβ40 and brain morphology in cognitively normal 70-years-olds.

The association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) Aβ38 or Aβ40 and brain grey- and white matter integrity is poorly understood. We studied this in 213 cognitively normal 70-year-olds, and in subgroups defined by presence/absence of the APOE ε4 allele and Aβ pathology: Aβ-/APOE-, Aβ+/APOE-, Aβ-/APOE+ and Aβ+/APOE+. CSF Aβ was quantified using ELISA and genotyping for APOE was performed.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease are related to dementia risk in APOE ɛ4 negatives.

Introduction: Studies examining the effect of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and apolipoprotein E () genotype on incident dementia in very old individuals are lacking.

Methods: A population-based sample of 2052 individuals ages 70 to 111, from Sweden, was followed in relation to dementia. AD-PRSs including 39, 57, 1333, and 13,942 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used.

Association between polygenic risk score of Alzheimer's disease and plasma phosphorylated tau in individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Background: Recent studies suggest that plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) is a highly specific biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related tau pathology. It has great potential for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of AD, since it identifies AD with the same accuracy as tau PET and CSF p-tau181 and predicts the development of AD dementia in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals and in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma p-tau181 may also be used as a biomarker in studies exploring disease pathogenesis, such as genetic or environmental risk factors for AD-type tau pathology.

Cognitive Performance and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies.

Background: We have previously shown that older adults with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had slightly worse performance in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) than participants without preclinical AD pathology.

Objective: We therefore aimed to compare performance on neurocognitive tests in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds with and without CSF AD pathology.

Methods: The sample was derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden.

Parity and the risk of incident dementia: a COSMIC study.

Aims: To investigate the association between parity and the risk of incident dementia in women.

Methods: We pooled baseline and follow-up data for community-dwelling women aged 60 or older from six population-based, prospective cohort studies from four European and two Asian countries. We investigated the association between parity and incident dementia using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cohort, with additional analysis by dementia subtype (Alzheimer dementia (AD) and non-Alzheimer dementia (NAD)).

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, dizziness, and health-related quality of life among older adults in a population-based setting.

Purpose: Dizziness may affect quality of life in a negative way and contribute to falls. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare 75 years old with dizziness caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) to those with general dizziness/impaired balance (non-BPPV related) and to those reporting no dizziness, regarding health-related quality of life (HRQL), falls, tiredness, and walking speed in a population-based setting.

Method: A cross-sectional population-based sample, including 671 75 years old (398 women, 273 men), was investigated for BPPV, dizziness symptoms, falls, and walking speed.

Depression in relation to sex and gender expression among Swedish septuagenarians-Results from the H70 study.

Objective: Little is known about the role of gender expression (femininity, masculinity, or androgyny) in relation to sex differences in depression. This study tested if gender expression was associated with depression and burden of depressive symptoms in a 70-year-old population.

Methods: A cross-sectional population-based sample of 70-year-olds from The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (n = 1203) was examined in 2014-16.

Does parity matter in women's risk of dementia? A COSMIC collaboration cohort study.

Background: Dementia shows sex difference in its epidemiology. Childbirth, a distinctive experience of women, is associated with the risk for various diseases. However, its association with the risk of dementia in women has rarely been studied.

Prevalence of hearing loss and need for aural rehabilitation in 85-year-olds: a birth cohort comparison, almost three decades apart.

Objective: Many individuals >80 years have difficulties with speech communication due to age-related hearing loss and would benefit from aural rehabilitation. As the proportion of older people increases, there is a need to investigate the prevalence of "disabling hearing loss" to calculate future rehabilitation need. The aims are to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in an unscreened birth cohort of 85-year olds, and to identify differences in audiometric results between two birth cohorts, born 28-29 years apart.

Correction to: A nonsynonymous mutation in PLCG2 reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, and increases the likelihood of longevity.

The IPDGC (The International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium) and EADB (Alzheimer Disease European DNA biobank) are listed correctly as an author to the article, however, they were incorrectly listed more than once.