Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker that has been associated with an increased risk of future cognitive decline, alongside other biomarkers such as β-amyloid (Aβ). We sought to explore the relationship between CRP levels and the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) groups in elderly individuals with and without APOE-ε4.

Method: From 1203 participants of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort study, born in 1944, plasma CRP levels were collected among 300 participants (159 men & 141 women) who did not have dementia.

MRI markers of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a population study with 791 participants: Exploring reference values and associations.

Purpose: Epidemiological studies on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) imaging markers and their normal values are scarce. This population-based study aimed to analyze several morphologic and volumetric iNPH-related imaging markers in a large sample, determining their distribution, diagnostic accuracy, suggested cut-offs, and associations with iNPH symptoms.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 791 70 year olds, 40 with radiologically probable iNPH (iNPH) and 751 without iNPH features (reference).

Attrition in the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort studies, an 18-year follow-up of the 1930 cohort.

Background: Longitudinal studies are essential to understand the ageing process, and risk factors and consequences for disorders, but attrition may cause selection bias and impact generalizability. We describe the 1930 cohort of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, followed from age 70 to 88, and compare baseline characteristics for those who continue participation with those who die, refuse, and drop out for any reason during follow-up.

Methods: A population-based sample born 1930 was examined with comprehensive assessments at age 70 ( = 524).

Prevalence of Possible Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in Sweden: A Population-Based MRI Study in 791 70-Year-Old Participants.

Background And Objectives: Very divergent prevalence rates for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) are reported, probably due to differences in study sample selection and diagnostic criteria. This MRI-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of iNPH and iNPH-specific radiologic changes and their association with clinical symptoms in a large, 70-year-old population-based cohort (Gothenburg H70).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, disturbances in gait and balance, cognition, and urinary continence were assessed using clinical examination and self-report.

Recovering from physical trauma in late life, a struggle to recapture autonomy: A grounded theory study.

Aim: The study aimed to explore the experiences of care and recovery among older patients treated for physical trauma.

Design: A qualitative study with a constructivist grounded theory design.

Methods: Fifteen in-depth interviews with older adults recovering from physical trauma were conducted and analysed between 2019 and 2023, in accordance with grounded theory methodology.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease in relation to cognitive change: A representative sample from the general population followed over 16 years.

Background: Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease (AD-PRSs) have been associated with cognition. However, few studies have examined the effect of AD-PRS beyond the APOE gene, and the influence of genetic variants related to level of cognitive ability (COG-PRS) on cognitive performance over time in the general older population.

Method: A population-based sample of 965 individuals born in 1930, with genetic and standardized cognitive data on six psychometric tests (Thurstone's picture memory, immediate recall of 10 words, Block design, word fluency, figure identification, delayed recall of 12 items), were examined at age 70, 75, 79, and 85 years.

The Effect of Diagnostic Criteria on Dementia Prevalence - A Population-Based Study From Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objectives: To examine how the use of different diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders third revised, fourth, and fifth editions [DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-5], and the 10th and 11th editions of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10 and ICD-11] influences the reported prevalence of dementia.

Methods: Two cross-sectional population-based studies of systematically selected 85-year-olds in Gothenburg, Sweden, (N = 774), were examined in comprehensive health examinations including comprehensive neurocognitive examinations. Five algorithms based on the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 were created, including 105 different variables that were operationalized in different ways to match the criteria of each classification system.

Patient safety culture in home care settings in Sweden: a cross-sectional survey among home care professionals.

Background: The connection between a weak patient safety culture and adverse patient events is well known, but although most long-term care is provided outside of hospitals, the focus of patient safety culture is most commonly on inpatient care. In Sweden, more than a third of people who receive care at home have been affected by adverse events, with the majority judged to be preventable. The aim of this study was to investigate the patient safety culture among care professionals working in care at home with older people.

Risk factors and cognitive correlates of white matter hyperintensities in ethnically diverse populations without dementia: the COSMIC consortium.

Introduction: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are an important imaging marker for cerebral small vessel diseases, but their risk factors and cognitive associations have not been well-documented in populations of different ethnicities and/or from different geographical regions.

Method: Magnetic resonance imaging data of five population-based cohorts of non-demented older individuals from Australia, Singapore, South Korea, and Sweden (N = 1,946) were examined for WMH and their associations with vascular risk factors and cognition.

Result: Factors associated with larger whole brain WMH volumes included diabetes, hypertension, stroke, current smoking, body mass index, higher alcohol intake and insufficient physical activity.

The effect of alcohol consumption on all-cause mortality in 70-year-olds in the context of other lifestyle risk factors: results from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study.

Background: In this study, we examined the effect of alcohol, as well as the combined effect of seven lifestyle factors, on all-cause mortality in older adults (baseline age 70 years).

Methods: Data was derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort study, including 1124 participants from the 2014-16 examination. Risk consumption was defined as  > 98 g alcohol per week, and hazardous drinking was based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption questionnaire (AUDIT-C).

Mass spectrometric simultaneous quantification of tau species in plasma shows differential associations with amyloid and tau pathologies.

Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, at differing sites, demonstrate high accuracy to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, knowledge on the optimal marker for disease identification across the AD continuum and the link to pathology is limited. This is partly due to heterogeneity in analytical methods.

Alcohol use and drinking patterns in Swedish 85 year olds born three decades apart - findings from the Gothenburg H70 study.

Background: Little is known about alcohol consumption among the oldest old.

Objective: To compare alcohol use and drinking patterns among 85 year olds born three decades apart.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Decreasing Incidence and Prevalence of Dementia Among Octogenarians: A Population-Based Study on 3 Cohorts Born 30 Years Apart.

Background: Recent studies suggest a decline in the age-specific incidence and prevalence of dementia. However, results are mixed regarding trends among octogenarians. We investigated time trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia in 3 population-based cohorts of 85-90-year olds.

High polygenic risk score for exceptional longevity is associated with a healthy metabolic profile.

Healthy metabolic measures in humans are associated with longevity. Dysregulation leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and negative health outcomes. Recent exceptional longevity (EL) genome wide association studies have facilitated estimation of an individual's polygenic risk score (PRS) for EL.

Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers With Cholinergic White Matter Degeneration in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals.

Background And Objectives: Several pathologic processes might contribute to the degeneration of the cholinergic system in aging. We aimed to determine the contribution of amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular biomarkers toward the degeneration of cholinergic white matter (WM) projections in cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Methods: The contribution of amyloid and tau pathology was assessed through CSF levels of the Aβ ratio and phosphorylated tau (p-tau).

Brain charts for the human lifespan.

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.