Neurochemical Databases: Purpose and Expectations.

The exploration of increasingly specific brain structures and their relationships, in more nuanced ways, has facilitated the generation of databases for gene expression, connectivity, cell morphology, and electrophysiology. However, neurochemistry, the study of neurochemical environment and transmission, has not yet warranted a public database, despite the plethora of data published. From our viewpoint, a neurochemical database is overdue and would allow the field of neurochemistry to develop facilitating, standardization and reference values, reproducibility, resource efficiency, preservation and accessibility of raw data, hypothesis development and exploration, and metadata analysis.

Catch-Up Saccades in Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Deficit: Contribution of Visual Information?

Objectives: Catch-up saccades help to compensate for loss of gaze stabilization during rapid head rotation in case of vestibular deficit. While overt saccades observed after head rotation are obviously visually guided, some of these catch-up saccades occur with shorter latency while the head is still moving, anticipating the needed final eye position. These covert saccades seem to be generated based on the integration of multisensory inputs.

Prevalence and characteristics of participants in 2024: findings from a general population survey in France.

Background: Dry January is a one-month alcohol abstinence challenge for the general population running since 2013 in the United Kingdom, and 2020 in France. Dry January has gained increasing popularity among the public, but studies assessing the individual characteristics associated with awareness and participation remain sparse.

Methods: Using quota sampling, a representative sample of 5,000 French adults completed an online cross-sectional survey between 8 and 17th January 2024.

A Taybi-Linder syndrome-related RTTN variant impedes neural rosette formation in human cortical organoids.

Taybi-Linder syndrome (TALS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe microcephaly with abnormal gyral pattern, severe growth retardation and bone abnormalities. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the RNU4ATAC gene. Its transcript, the small nuclear RNA U4atac, is involved in the excision of ~850 minor introns.

The role of alpha oscillations in resisting distraction.

The role of alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) in suppressing distractors is extensively debated. One debate concerns whether alpha oscillations suppress anticipated visual distractors through increased power. Whereas some studies suggest that alpha oscillations support distractor suppression, others do not.

Effects of multiple transcranial magnetic stimulation sessions on pain relief in patients with chronic neuropathic pain: A French cohort study in real-world clinical practice.

Background: Current clinical trials indicate that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective in reducing drug-resistant neuropathic pain (NP). However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the long-term feasibility and clinical efficacy of rTMS in large patient cohorts in real-world conditions.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed 12 years of clinical data to assess the long-term analgesic effects of 20 Hz rTMS over the primary motor cortex in patients with NP.

Choir as a Metaphor for Neurodiversity.

Anyone who has ever tried to sing in a choir might have experienced how incredibly beautiful, and yet truly challenging, it is to blend different voices into a single polyphonic movement. This experience offers a vivid metaphor of the very idea of neurodiversity, with both the joys and the challenges it comes with. Our experience with a neurodiverse choir has convinced us that sharing this experience could be as an effective way to shed light on what neurodiversity can be, what it is not, and what it involves for clinicians.

Disruption of macroscale functional network organisation in patients with frontotemporal dementia.

Neurodegenerative dementias have a profound impact on higher-order cognitive and behavioural functions. Investigating macroscale functional networks through cortical gradients provides valuable insights into the neurodegenerative dementia process and overall brain function. This approach allows for the exploration of unimodal-multimodal differentiation and the intricate interplay between functional brain networks.

An Overview of Neurophenomenological Approaches to Meditation and their Relevance to Clinical Research.

There is a renewed interest in taking phenomenology seriously in consciousness research, contemporary psychiatry, and neurocomputation. The neurophenomenology research program, pioneered by Varela (1996), rigorously examines subjective experience using first-person methodologies, inspired by phenomenology and contemplative practices. This review explores recent advancements in neurophenomenological approaches, particularly their application to meditation practices and potential clinical research translations.

Interconnection between adolescents' and family members' sleep.

Deficient sleep has been linked to a broad range of physical, cognitive and mental health impacts, in particular during adolescence. It is thus essential to understand its underlying mechanisms, including family factors. The goal of our study was to assess through combined subjective and objective assessments, how family members' daily variations in sleep are interconnected, between parents and siblings of adolescents.

Encoding models for developmental cognitive computational neuroscience: Promise, challenges, and potential.

Cognitive computational neuroscience has received broad attention in recent years as an emerging area integrating cognitive science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. At the heart of this field, approaches using encoding models allow for explaining brain activity from latent and high-dimensional features, including artificial neural networks. With the notable exception of temporal response function models that are applied to electroencephalography, most prior studies have focused on adult subjects, making it difficult to capture how brain representations change with learning and development.

Intact ultrafast memory consolidation in adults with autism and neurotypicals with autism traits.

The processes of learning and memory consolidation are closely interlinked. Therefore, to uncover statistical learning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), an in-depth examination of memory consolidation is essential. Studies of the last five years have revealed that learning can take place not only during practice but also during micro rest (<1 min) between practice blocks, termed micro offline gains.

Development of auditory cognition in 5- to 10-year-old children: Focus on speech-in-babble-noise perception.

Speech-in-noise perception is consistently reported to be impaired in learning disorders, which stresses the importance of documenting its developmental course in young children. In this cross-sectional study, ninety children (41 females, 5.5-11.

Air Pollution and the Prevalence of Keratoconus: Is There a Connection?

Purpose: Keratoconus is a progressive, asymmetrical corneal ectasia with multifactorial origin. Three identified risk factors for keratoconus include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, eye rubbing, and atopy. Other factors like pollution would play a role in the physiopathology of keratoconus.

Rooting for Their Own Gender: Preschoolers' Selective Preference for Winners.

Children's social preferences are influenced by the relative status of other individuals, but also by their social identity and the degree to which those individuals are like them. Previous studies have investigated these aspects separately and showed that in some circumstances children prefer high-status individuals and own-gender individuals. Gender is a particularly interesting case to study because it is a strong dimension of social identity, but also one of the most prevalent forms of social hierarchy, with males conceptualised as superior to females, by adults and children alike.

Autistic and schizotypal traits exhibit similarities in their impact on mentalization and adult attachment impairments: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Deficits in mentalizing and attachment occur in the autism and schizophrenia spectrum, and their extended traits in the general population. Parental attachment and the broader social environment highly influence the development of mentalizing. Given the similarities in the symptomatology and neurodevelopmental correlates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCH), it is crucial to identify their overlaps and differences to support screening, differential diagnosis, and intervention.

Identifying Transfer Learning in the Reshaping of Inductive Biases.

Transfer learning, the reuse of newly acquired knowledge under novel circumstances, is a critical hallmark of human intelligence that has frequently been pitted against the capacities of artificial learning agents. Yet, the computations relevant to transfer learning have been little investigated in humans. The benefit of efficient inductive biases (meta-level constraints that shape learning, often referred as priors in the Bayesian learning approach), has been both theoretically and experimentally established.

Intrafamilial associations of sleep multitrajectory groups between ages of 3 and 60 months in the SEPAGES cohort.

Objectives: We investigated intrafamilial sleep evolution by identifying children's sleep multitrajectory groups between 3- and 60-month of age and their association with parental sleep multitrajectory groups.

Methods: We included 180 children from the SEPAGES cohort (Grenoble, France) whose parents belonged to previously identified sleep multitrajectory groups, through group-based multitrajectory modeling, between 3 and 36months postpartum, using nighttime (NSD) and weekend daytime (DSD) sleep durations and subjective sleep loss, comprising "No," "Subjective," and "Global" sleep problems groups. Child sleep information (NSD, DSD, subjective sleep loss, night waking, and sleep onset difficulties) was collected by parental questionnaires at 3-, 12-, 36-, and 60-month.

Long-term psycho-traumatic consequences of the COVID-19 health crisis among emergency department healthcare workers.

Assess the changes in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout, anxiety, depression, jobstrain, and isostrain levels over time among healthcare workers in emergency departments (EDs) after successive outbreaks of COVID-19. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 3 EDs and an emergency medical service. Healthcare workers who participated in our previous study were invited to participate in a follow-up 16 and 18 months and completed the questionnaires to assess symptoms of PTSD, burnout, anxiety, depression, jobstrain, and isostrain.