Chapter 0: Introduction to the Consensus on Primary Hyperparathyroidism from the French Society of Endocrinology, French Association of Endocrine Surgery and French Society of Nuclear Medicine.

This consensus on primary hyperparathyroidism, drawn up under the aegises of the French Society of Endocrinology (SFE), French Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) and French Society of Nuclear Medicine (SFMN), provides an update on positive, etiological and differential diagnosis and treatment in primary hyperparathyroidism. These recommendations take account of recent increase in the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism, due to 1. more systematic routine measurement of blood calcium and improved quality of parathyroid hormone assays, 2.

Chapter 10: WHAT PARATHYROID IMAGING IS REQUIRED FOR HYPERPARATHYROIDISM?

In over 80% of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism results from hypersecretion of PTH by a single parathyroid adenoma. Multi-glandular involvement, combining adenoma and/or hyperplasia in varying proportions, is also possible, although less frequent. When the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is certain and surgery is envisaged, imaging is useful for locating the hyperfunctioning gland or glands.

Chapter 7: CLINICAL FORMS AT DIFFERENT AGES OF LIFE: CHILDHOOD, PREGNANCY, LACTATION, OLD AGE.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is rare in children. A germline mutation is identified in half of all children with primary hyperparathyroidism (70% of newborns and infants, and 40% of children and adolescents). The clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism in children are highly variable (often absent in newborns, rather severe and symptomatic in children and adolescents) and depend on the genetic cause, as well as the severity, rapidity of onset and duration of hypercalcemia.

Chapter 4: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS of PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.

The differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism can be considered clinically, biologically and radiologically. Clinically, primary hyperparathyroidism should be suspected in case of diffuse pain, renal lithiasis, osteoporosis, repeated fracture, cognitive or psychiatric disorder, or disturbance of consciousness. Nevertheless, the differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is mainly biological, particularly in atypical forms, which must be differentiated from hypercalcemia with hypocalciuria or non- elevated PTH on the one hand, and from normo-calcemia with elevated PTH, hypophosphatemia or hypercalciuria on the other.

Chapter 12: PREPARATION FOR PARATHYROID SURGERY.

Preoperative treatment of PHPT aims to 1) manage severe and/or symptomatic hypercalcemia and 2) prevent postoperative hypocalcemia. Severe hypercalcemia, defined as a blood calcium level ≥ 3.5 mmol/L, requires admission to hospital in a conventional or critical care unit, depending on clinical symptoms and comorbidities.

Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia.

X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a rare metabolic bone disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene, which is predominantly expressed in osteoblasts, osteocytes and odontoblasts. XLH is characterized by increased synthesis of the bone-derived phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which results in renal phosphate wasting with consecutive hypophosphataemia, rickets, osteomalacia, disproportionate short stature, oral manifestations, pseudofractures, craniosynostosis, enthesopathies and osteoarthritis. Patients with XLH should be provided with multidisciplinary care organized by a metabolic bone expert.

The (re)emergence of aerosol delivery: Treatment of pulmonary diseases and its clinical challenges.

Aerosol delivery represents a rapid and non-invasive way to directly reach the lungs while escaping the hepatic first-pass effect. The development of pulmonary drugs for respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer requires an enhanced understanding of the relationships between the natural physiology of the respiratory system and the pathophysiology of these conditions. This knowledge is crucial to better predict and thereby control drug deposition.

Dental Anomalies and Cranio-Dental Ontogeny in a Captive Wild Boar Population From France.

Dental anomalies are frequent in boars and pigs, and they generally affect the first premolar loci. The prevalence of these dental anomalies was investigated in a large number of populations around the world. These studies mainly focused on the influence of domestication, size, sexual dimorphism or food hardness on these anomalies.

Ultra-Fast Warming Procedure of Vitrified Blastocysts Results in Maintained Embryology and Clinical Outcomes.

Vitrification has revolutionized embryo cryopreservation, but represents a significant workload in the IVF lab. We evaluated here an ultrafast blastocyst warming procedure in order to improve workflow while maintaining clinical outcome. We first evaluated the expression of main markers of lineage specification in a subset of blastocysts donated to research warmed with ultrafast protocol.

A recurrent loss-of-function variant in DRC1 causes non-syndromic severe asthenozoospermia with favorable intracytoplasmic sperm injection and pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Asthenozoospermia, characterized by reduced sperm motility, is a common cause of male infertility. Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) represent a severe and genetically heterogeneous form of asthenozoospermia. Over 50 genes have been associated, but approximately half of MMAF cases remain unexplained.

Human ovarian tissue xenotransplantation: advancements, challenges, and future perspectives.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has emerged as a promising fertility preservation technique for individuals facing premature ovarian insufficiency due to various medical conditions or treatments. Xenotransplantation, involving the transplantation of ovarian tissue into animal hosts, has played a pivotal role in refining ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation techniques and addressing key challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of ovarian tissue xenotransplantation research, focusing on its applications in investigating ovarian biology, optimizing ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation protocols, and assessing safety concerns.

MicroRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in diabetes male infertility: a systematic review.

This study conducts an in-depth review of the correlation between testis tissue changes and circulating microRNAs (miRNA) in diabetes-induced male reproductive complications, drawing upon both animal and clinical studies. The original articles published in English that specifically investigate miRNAs linked to male infertility in humans or animals with either type I or ΙΙ diabetes mellitus were included. The relevant articles were gathered from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases.

Carboxyl ester lipase hybrid 1 (CEL-HYB1) haplotypes confer varying risk for chronic pancreatitis.

The CEL-HYB1 hybrid allele of the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene and its pseudogene (CELP) has been associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Recent work indicated that amino acid positions 488 and 548 in CEL-HYB1 determined pathogenicity. Haplotype Thr488-Ile548 was associated with CP while haplotypes Thr488-Thr548 and Ile488-Thr548 were benign.

[Increasing the cumulative live birth rate: Low-grade blastocysts, potential overlook].

It is now widely recognized that, following prolonged culture, the transfer of a high-quality morphologically graded blastocyst is the preferred strategy in embryo transfer. Low-grade blastocysts are often considered to have a low implantation potential, and their use remains highly limited. We conducted a general review of the literature, including publications from August 2017 to October 2023, to assess the current state of knowledge regarding these embryos, which are generally excluded in routine practice.

Ovarian response in preimplantation genetic testing for myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Purpose: To evaluate ovarian stimulation response in couples undergoing preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-M) for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) METHODS: Retrospective, observational, multicentric study. Parameters of ovarian response and PGT-M outcomes were compared according to the DM1-affected patient (female or male). A total of 229 couples underwent at least one controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle for the PGT-M procedure.

Infant mice fed soy-based formulas exhibit alterations in anxiety-like behaviours and the 5-HT system.

Genistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen with oestrogen-like activity found in many plants. Classified as an endocrine disruptor, GEN is potentially hazardous, particularly during developmental stages. It induces alterations in anxious behaviour, fertility, and energy metabolism, alongside modifications in specific brain circuits.

Spinal muscular atrophy is also a disorder of spermatogenesis.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients benefit from pre-mRNA splicing modifiers targeting the SMN2 gene, which aims to increase functional SMN production. The animal toxicity affecting spermatogenesis associated with one such treatment raised questions about male SMA patients' spermatogenesis.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to July 2023.

Phosphatidylserine on sperm head interact with Annexin A5 on oviduct luminal cilia to form a sperm reservoir in pigs.

After insemination, a subpopulation of sperm reaches the oviducts and binds to isthmic epithelial cells to form a "sperm reservoir". Our objective was to explore the role of annexin A5 (ANXA5), a protein that binds with high affinity to phosphatidylserine (PS), in the formation of the sperm reservoir in pigs. Phosphatidylserine was detected on the head of approximately 10 % of boar sperm at ejaculation.

The Effect of Rearing and Adult Environment on HPA Axis Responsivity and Plumage Condition in Laying Hens.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity is influenced by early life experience and also modified by the environment an individual experiences as an adult. Because laying hens are transferred from rearing to laying farms at 16-18 weeks of age, they are well suited to study the interaction effect between early (rearing) and adult (laying) environments on physiology and behaviour. In the European Union, there is a move towards cage-free systems for laying hens, but globally, the majority of layers are kept in conventional or furnished cages.

Heterogeneity of Clinical Phenotypes in Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Owing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Need to Look Beyond Hospitalization.

Objective: To use a pre-COVID-19 birth cohort database to describe the clinical heterogeneity of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases of the past seasons as a basis to investigate further distribution of clinical phenotypes in the era of immunization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Study Design: Infants with RSV-SARI were identified from a 2014 through 2019 birth cohort in a tertiary care center in Lyon, France, and their medical records extensively reviewed. Using the criteria of the World Health Organization severity definitions, we classified SARI as having nutritional (inability to feed), respiratory (SpO <93%), or neurological (failure to respond, apneas) impairments.

Reproductive functions and fertility preservation in transgender men: A French case series.

Background: Transgender men face reproductive challenges due to the potential impact on fertility of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and surgical interventions. Testosterone therapy during "female to male" transition leads to anovulation and amenorrhea. Although these effects are typically reversible upon stopping treatment, the long-term effects of androgens on future fertility and health of potential children remain poorly known.

COVID-19 and Oncofertility: No SARS-CoV-2 in Semen but Inflammation Seems to Affect Sperm Parameters.

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, led authorities to recommend halting assisted reproductive technology programs, focusing instead on fertility preservation, for cancer patients. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen remains controversial. This multicentric prospective cohort study, conducted across 12 university medical centers, aimed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 is present in spermatozoa/seminal plasma in cancer patients by RT-PCR and to assess its impact on standard semen parameters.

Congenital absence of vas deferens: Anatomical and embryological inputs from a series of autopsies reported in Europe throughout the 18th and 19th century.

Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a syndrome with a heterogeneous presentation: bilateral (CBAVD) or unilateral (CUAVD), complete or partial and associated or not with other anomalies of the male urogenital system. A turning point came in 1968 when CBAVD was associated with cystic fibrosis and its CFTR gene mutations. Genetic studies then revealed that a minority of CBAVD but a majority of CUAVD are CFTR-independent.

Folliculogenesis resumption after ovarian cortex transplantation: what is the earliest hormonal indicator?

Introduction: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is recommended by scientific societies for women undergoing highly gonadotoxic cancer treatments. Following transplantation, the restoration of ovarian function is typically characterised by the resumption of spontaneous menstruation. Yet, a few studies have looked at the longitudinal hormonal variations following transplantation.