Caspase-1 activation, IL-1/IL-6 signature and IFNγ-induced chemokines in lungs of COVID-19 patients.

Rationale: COVID-19-associated acute-respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) results from a direct viral injury associated with host excessive innate immune response mainly affecting the lungs. However, cytokine profile in the lung compartment of C-ARDS patients has not been widely studied, nor compared to non-COVID related ARDS (NC-ARDS).

Objectives: To evaluate caspase-1 activation, IL-1 signature, and other inflammatory cytokine pathways associated with tissue damage using post-mortem lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and serum across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity.

Job-exposure matrix (JEM) validity on crystalline silica among systemic sclerosis patients.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is the connective tissue disease with the highest individual mortality. Crystalline silica is known to be an occupational risk factor for SSc. To assess past crystalline silica exposure, we aimed to study the validity of a job exposure matrix (JEM) to assess occupational exposure to crystalline silica compared to specific occupational interviews in two populations of SSc patients.

Long-term immune related adverse events.

Purpose Of Review: Long-term immune related adverse events (irAEs) are an increasing reality in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) but remain under-reported. With the number of ICI treated patients increasing, we here aimed to expose the current evidence on their clinical presentations and diagnosis criteria.

Recent Findings: First described in ICI validation trials, long term irAEs were further characterized through retrospective studies, providing clues on their frequency, clinical spectrum, risk factors and impact on patient's quality of life.

Occurrence and management of thrombosis recurrence and bleeding in low-molecular-weight heparin-treated patients with cancer-associated thrombosis: a French nationwide cohort study.

Background: Rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence and bleeding remain high in patients with cancer who are prescribed anticoagulants (ACs) such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) after an initial VTE event.

Objectives: To identify patient characteristics associated with VTE recurrence and bleeding in patients receiving LMWH for cancer-associated VTE and to explore secondary AC management and clinical outcomes in these patients.

Methods: An observational study was conducted using nationwide French data for adults with active cancer who were hospitalized with VTE in 2013-2018 and were reimbursed for LMWH ≤ 30 days after hospital discharge.

Interferon-α biological activity is associated with disease activity and risk of flare in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a monocentric study of 184 patients.

Background: Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is associated with unpredictable flares and may induce permanent damage. There is currently no biomarker routinely available in CLE.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of IFN-α biological activity as biomarker of CLE activity and risk of flare.

Cardiogenic shock in patients with active onco-hematological malignancies: A multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Onco-hematological (OH) patients face significant cardiovascular risks due to malignancy and drug toxicity. Data are limited on the characteristics and outcomes of OH patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 214 OH patients with CS across 22 ICUs (2010-2021).

[Overview of clinical skills used by IPAs and collaboration with medical staff].

The creation of advanced practice nursing has led to the emergence of a new link in the healthcare chain. The advanced practice nurse (APN) has seen his nursing skills broadened, particularly clinical skills, and is gradually finding his place in the multi-professional team. This survey presented here explores the clinical skills mobilized by APN and his collaboration with medical professionals within a team of professionals from the Loire-Atlantique regional hospital grouping.

Impacts of immersive 3D videos on students' surgical learning compared to 2D videos: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Unlike other medical specialties, surgery is primarily learned through apprenticeship, by observing surgeons in action during operations. However, the increasing number of medical students and work-hour restrictions limit opportunities for learning in the operating room (OR). These circumstances call for novel technologies, such as immersive video.

Vacuolar myopathy with monoclonal gammopathy and stiffness (VAMMGAS).

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) has been reported in association with numerous neurological disorders but the spectrum of MG-associated myopathies remains poorly described.

Objective: To report a newly acquired myopathy associated with MG.

Methods: Three adult patients with the same phenotype from two French referral centers were prospectively analyzed.

Liver Disease Complicating Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Study on 66 Patients Out of 533 Adult From the JIR Cohort.

Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease, associated with MEFV mutations. FMF patients can experience liver involvement, potentially leading to cirrhosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate liver involvement in FMF patients at a French tertiary centre for adult FMF.

[Lactic acidosis associated with metformin: A case series from the Saint-Denis hospital].

Introduction: Metformin is a first line treatment for type II diabetes. Cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis are regularly reported. A direct causal link between metformin overdose and lactic acidosis is not clearly established.

Microsporidiosis in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases Undergoing Monoclonal Antibody Associated Therapy.

We present Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in four patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing prolonged monoclonal antibody therapies. Two patients suffered from inflammatory bowel disease and received anti-TNF therapies, whereas two other patients suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement and received anti-CD20 or anti-BLyS protein therapies. Three out of four patients consulted for diarrhea with abdominal pain without intestinal inflammation or bleeding at the time of sampling.

[Extramedullary hematopoiesis, a rare complication of sickle cell disease: A six-case series and literature review].

Introduction: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is very rarely described during sickle cell disease (SCD). Our aim was to describe six cases of EMH occurring in adult SCD patients and to conduct a literature review.

Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, and monocentric study, identifying all cases of EMH recorded in our cohort of adult SCD patients, up to April 2024.

Hypereosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndromes: First Findings From a Nationwide Multicenter Cohort.

Background: Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a heterogenous group of eosinophilic disorders. To date, only retrospective studies of limited sample-size and/or follow-up duration are available.

Methods: The COHESion study is a national prospective multicenter multidisciplinary cohort recruiting both adults or children with the spectrum of eosinophilic disorders (including reactive HE/HES [HE/HES-R], idiopathic HES [HES-I], lymphocytic HES [HES-L], neoplastic HE/HES [HE/HES-N], HE of unknown significance [HE-US], as well as IgG4-related disease [IgG4RD] or ANCA-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [EGPA] overlaps).

Exposure to COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stressors and Their Association With Distress, Psychological Growth and Drug Use in People With HIV in Nouvelle Aquitaine, France (ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA Cohort-QuAliV-QuAliCOV Study).

We investigated people living with HIV (PLWH)'s exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stressors and their association with distress, psychological growth, and substance use. PLWH in the ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA cohort's QuAliV study (Nouvelle Aquitaine, France) completed an adapted CAIR Lab Pandemic Impact Questionnaire (C-PIQ) and reported substance use between 9/2021 to 3/2022. We described cumulative stressor exposure (score 0-16) and explored variation by PLWH characteristics (demographic, HIV-related, risk factors, psychosocial).

Rapid Selection of HIV-2 Capsid Mutations in Salvage Therapy with Lenacapavir-Containing Regimen.

Lenacapavir is the first capsid inhibitor, its use is currently approved for multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection. We report that, despite an initial efficacy of a LEN-containing regimen in patients with multi-drug resistant HIV-2 viruses, virological suppression was not achieved after a year and most patients selected capsid drug-resistance associated mutations.

[Use of hydroxychloroquine in recurrent immune-mediated obstetric diseases (excluding systemic lupus): Scientific basis and evidence].

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a synthetic antimalarial, is recognized for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and vascular-protective effects. In 20-30% of cases of primary obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the combination of antiplatelet aggregation and prophylactic anticoagulation fails to prevent obstetrical complications, a situation referred to as refractory obstetrical APS. This is partly due to the pro-inflammatory effects of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) binding to decidual and trophoblastic cells, which compromise embryonic implantation and placentation.

Evaluation of a New Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Sickle Cell Disease Newborn Screening.

In France, sickle cell disease newborn screening (SCD NBS) has been targeted to at-risk regions since 1984, but generalization to the whole population will be implemented from November 2024. Although tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is already used for the NBS of several inherited metabolic diseases, its application for SCD NBS has not been widely adopted worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate a dedicated MS/MS kit (Targeted MS/MS Hemo, ZenTech, LaCAR Company, Liege, Belgium) for SCD NBS and to compare the results obtained with those from an NBS reference center using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (CE-HPLC, Variant NBS, Biorad Laboratories, Inc.