[Doctor-patient relationship: teenagers prefer "tu" to "vous"].

The quality of the relationship is important for the medical care of adolescents. The choice of the pronoun of address, "tu" or "vous", could be a determining factor in this relationship. A study of 220 adolescents showed that they preferred to be addressed as "tu".

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Modulating Gut Microbiota to Improve Severity?

Gut microbiota plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, through the gut-liver axis. To date, clinical guidelines recommend a weight loss goal of 7%-10% to improve features of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. Because this target is not easily achieved by all patients, alternative therapeutic options are currently being evaluated.

Intense Sweeteners, Appetite for the Sweet Taste, and Relationship to Weight Management.

High intensity, low-energy sweeteners (LES) are used by many consumers in order to limit energy intake and possibly facilitate body weight control. These beneficial effects are often questioned in the scientific and lay media. LES are frequently accused of stimulating and/or maintaining a liking for sweetness which in turn would be deleterious for adequate body weight control.

Personal accounts of the negative and adaptive psychosocial experiences of people with diabetes in the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study.

Objective: To identify the psychosocial experiences of diabetes, including negative accounts of diabetes and adaptive ways of coping from the perspective of the person with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were 8,596 adults (1,368 with type 1 diabetes and 7,228 with type 2 diabetes) in the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study. Qualitative data were responses to open-ended survey questions about successes, challenges, and wishes for improvement in living with diabetes and about impactful experiences.

Food intake and energy expenditure are increased in high-fat-sensitive but not in high-carbohydrate-sensitive obesity-prone rats.

Obesity-prone (OP) rodents are used as models of human obesity predisposition. The goal of the present study was to identify preexisting defects in energy expenditure components in OP rats. Two studies were performed.

Endogenous proteins in the ileal digesta of adult humans given casein-, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein- or crystalline amino-acid-based diets in an acute feeding study.

Background/objectives: To ascertain if the form of dietary nitrogen (free amino acids (AA), small peptides, or intact protein) affects the endogenous nitrogen containing substances lost from the upper digestive tract of humans.

Subjects/methods: Digesta were collected via a naso-ileal tube from the terminal ileum of 16 adult humans in a single parallel study following an acute feeding regimen. Subjects were given an iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric test meal containing 150 g of casein (CAS) (n=6), enzyme-hydrolyzed casein (HCAS) (n=5) or crystalline AA (n=5) dissolved in 550 ml of water, as the sole sources of nitrogen.

Dietary proteins contribute little to glucose production, even under optimal gluconeogenic conditions in healthy humans.

Dietary proteins are believed to participate significantly in maintaining blood glucose levels, but their contribution to endogenous glucose production (EGP) remains unclear. We investigated this question using multiple stable isotopes. After overnight fasting, eight healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of [6,6-²H₂]-glucose.

Diagnostic and prognostic performances over 9 years of a selective screening strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus in a cohort of 18,775 subjects.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate a selective screening strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the presence of risk factors: BMI ≥25 kg/m(2), age ≥35 years, family history of diabetes, personal history of GDM, or birth of a child with macrosomia.

Research Design And Methods: Of 20,630 deliveries between 2002 and 2010, we selected 18,775 deliveries in women with no known diabetes and for whom all risk factors were known. GDM was universally screened and defined as fasting plasma glucose level ≥5.

Isotopic and modeling investigation of long-term protein turnover in rat tissues.

Fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of tissue proteins (P) are usually measured using labeled amino acid (AA) tracer methods over short periods of time under acute, particular conditions. By combining the long-term and non-steady-state (15)N labeling of AA and P tissue fractions with compartmental modeling, we have developed a new isotopic approach to investigate the degree of compartmentation of P turnover in tissues and to estimate long-term FSR values under sustained and averaged nutritional and physiological conditions. We measured the rise-to-plateau kinetics of nitrogen isotopic enrichments (δ(15)N) in the AA and P fractions of various tissues in rats for 2 mo following a slight increase in diet δ(15)N.

Sweetness, satiation, and satiety.

Satiation and satiety are central concepts in the understanding of appetite control and both have to do with the inhibition of eating. Satiation occurs during an eating episode and brings it to an end. Satiety starts after the end of eating and prevents further eating before the return of hunger.

Correlates of sedentary behavior in 7 to 9-year-old French children are dependent on maternal weight status.

Objective: Sedentary behavior accounts for overweight and obesity, independently of physical activity. Correlates of sedentary behavior have not been extensively reported in the literature. Our objective was to determine factors associated with such behavior in 7 to 9-year-old French children in 2007, and to assess interactions between the identified correlates.

Child nutrition and growth: butterfly effects?

The international symposium organised by the Danone Institute as a pre-congress satellite of the European Nutrition Societies Congress, in Paris, in July 2007, brought together experts of child nutrition and behaviour. These experts coming from several countries of Europe and North America shared their views on the impact of numerous factors affecting child eating and health in present-day developed societies. Topics included nutritional influences during foetal life, early life development of food likes and dislikes, neophobia, ability for energy regulation, impact of media and advertisement, etc.

[The SU.VI.MAX study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals on health].

The SU.VI.MAX study is a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial testing, for 7,5 years, the effect of a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals, at doses considered to be nutritional (120 mg vitamin C, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg beta-carotene, 100 microg selenium and 20 mg zinc) in reducing cancer and ischemic vascular disease incidence in a general population (12.