CD57 EMRA CD8 T cells in cancer patients over 70: associations with prior chemotherapy and response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

Background: Immune ageing complicates cancer treatment in older individuals. While immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can reinvigorate T cells, these cells tend to become senescent with age. This study investigates different CD8 T cell subsets usually associated with senescence, in cancer patients over 70 years old who are undergoing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and examines the relationship between these senescent cells and prior chemotherapy exposure.

Difference in survival and prognosis between malignant tumors of odontogenic origin.

Introduction: The prognosis of metastatic ameloblastoma (METAM), now defined as a benign tumor, and malignant odontogenic tumors (MOT) is poorly studied in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the prognosis and factors influencing the survival of these patients.

Material And Methods: Using the SEER database, we retrieved clinical data of patients with malignant tumors of dental origin between 1975 and 2020.

Submandibular gland transfer into the temporal fossa in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A viable option to prevent radiation-induced xerostomia.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with an important mortality and morbidity related to surgery and radiotherapy. In particular, radiation-induced xerostomia has a major impact on patient's quality of life. Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy allowed mean dose reduction to the spared submandibular gland (SMG) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, xerostomia is still an important sequela for patients treated for an OSCC.

Mandibular revascularization using a humeral periosteal free flap: A technical note.

The vascularized periosteal free flap transposes a non-irradiated soft tissue with neoangiogenesis, bone induction, and osteogenesis qualities. A surgical technique using a humeral periosteal free flap is described for the treatment of recurrent osteoradionecrosis of the lower jaw. The humeral periosteal free flap is a technique associated with low morbidity.

Clues for improvement of research in objective structured clinical examination.

While objective clinical structured examination (OSCE) is a worldwide recognized and effective method to assess clinical skills of undergraduate medical students, the latest Ottawa conference on the assessment of competences raised vigorous debates regarding the future and innovations of OSCE. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the global research activity on OSCE over the past decades and to identify clues for its improvement. We performed a bibliometric and scientometric analysis of OSCE papers published until March 2024.

European validation of the classification for the anticipated difficulty of liver transplantation.

Background: Appropriate risk stratification for the difficulty of liver transplantation (LT) is essential to guide the selection and acceptance of grafts and avoid morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Based on 987 LTs collected from 5 centers, perioperative outcomes were analyzed across the 3 difficulty levels. Each LT was retrospectively scored from 0 to 10.

Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapy openings new translational challenges in immunomodulating acute liver inflammation.

Inflammation plays a critical role in conditions such as acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury. Various pathogenic pathways contribute to liver inflammation, involving inflammatory polarization of macrophages and Küpffer cells, neutrophil infiltration, dysregulation of T cell subsets, oxidative stress, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. While mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated beneficial properties, their clinical translation is limited by their cellular nature.

Comparing indications, complexity and outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection between centers with and without a liver transplant program: a French nationwide study.

Background: There are no data to evaluate the difference in populations and impact of centers with liver transplant programs in performing laparoscopic liver resection (LLR).

Methods: This was a multicenter study including patients undergoing LLR for benign and malignant tumors at 27 French centers from 1996 to 2018. The main outcomes were postoperative severe morbidity and mortality.

Flow Cytometry Assessment of Lymphocyte Populations Infiltrating Liver Tumors.

Tissue-resident and recruited immune cells are essential mediators of natural and therapy-induced immunosurveillance of liver neoplasia. This idea has been recently reinforced by the clinical approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Such research progress relies on the in-depth characterization of the immune populations that are present in pre-neoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions.

Diethylnitrosamine Induction of Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice.

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a chemical hepatocarcinogenic agent that triggers a large array of oncogenic mutations after a single injection. Initiated hepatocytes subsequently undergo clonal expansion within a proliferative environment, rendering the DEN model a comprehensive carcinogen. In rodent studies, DEN finds extensive utility in experimental liver cancer research, mimicking several aspects of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune exhaustion, and the ability to metastasize.

Uncovering immune checkpoint heterogeneity in oral squamous cell carcinoma using single cell RNA-sequencing data highlights three subgroups of patients with distinct immune phenotypes.

Objectives: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors remain inefficient in most patients, which points to the need for better characterization of immune checkpoint (ICP) molecule expression.

Material And Methods: We evaluated the expression of 22 ICP ligands (ICPL) in 2,176 malignant cells from 10 patients in a public single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset and in two cohorts of HNSCC patients for which gene expression data are available.

Results: Based on ICPL expression, malignant cells formed three distinct clusters characterized either by a strong expression of ICPL together with an immune phenotype linked to IFN-γ response (cluster 1) or by a weak ICPL expression and little response to IFN-γ (clusters 2 and 3).

A Radiomics Approach to Identify Immunologically Active Tumor in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Background: We recently developed a gene-expression-based HOT score to identify the hot/cold phenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), which is associated with the response to immunotherapy. Our goal was to determine whether radiomic profiling from computed tomography (CT) scans can distinguish hot and cold HNSCC.

Method: We included 113 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 20 patients from the Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS) with HNSCC, all with available pre-treatment CT scans.

Rescue Liver Transplantation for Posthepatectomy Liver Failure: A Systematic Review and Survey of an International Experience.

Background: Rescue liver transplantation (LT) is the only life-saving option for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) whenever it is deemed as irreversible and likely to be fatal. The goals were to perform a qualitative systematic review of rescue LT for PHLF and a survey among various international LT experts.

Methods: A literature search was performed from 2000 to 2022 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome framework, and to this, the authors' experience was added.

Patients' perceptions of the definition of a textbook outcome following liver transplantation.

Background: A textbook outcome (TO) describes the results of a successful liver transplantation (LT) in which all aspects of the LT and posttransplant courses were uneventful. We compared patient perceived experience of a TO with clinically defined TO.

Methods: This was a single-institution cohort study with retrospective chart review including patients who underwent LT from 2019 to 2021.

Perceptions of surgical difficulty in liver transplantation: A European survey and development of the Pitié-Salpêtrière classification.

Background: Significant variations exist regarding the definition of difficult liver transplantation. The study goals were to investigate how liver transplant surgeons evaluate the surgical difficulty of liver transplantation and to use the identified factors to classify liver transplantation difficulty.

Methods: A Web-based online European survey was presented to liver transplant surgeons.

Modification of the pedicled osteomuscular dorsal scapula flap to include a skin paddle.

This article describes a reliable surgical alternative for the repair of wide oromandibular defects that require bone and soft tissues, which was applied in two patient cases. While microvascular free flap transfer, especially the fibula flap, is the gold standard for mandibular reconstruction, this reconstruction is challenging in patients with a vessel-depleted neck and/or severe arteriosclerosis. The pedicled osteomuscular dorsal scapular (OMDS) flap is a surgical alternative to free flap transfer in this clinical setting.

Novel Benchmark Values for Open Major Anatomic Liver Resection in Non-cirrhotic Patients: A Multicentric Study of 44 International Expert Centers.

Objective: This study aims at establishing benchmark values for best achievable outcomes following open major anatomic hepatectomy for liver tumors of all dignities.

Background: Outcomes after open major hepatectomies vary widely lacking reference values for comparisons among centers, indications, types of resections, and minimally invasive procedures.

Methods: A standard benchmark methodology was used covering consecutive patients, who underwent open major anatomic hepatectomy from 44 high-volume liver centers from 5 continents over a 5-year period (2016-2020).

Value of non-coding RNAs to assess lymph node status in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth cancer in women and is the leading cause of cancer death in 42 countries. Lymph node metastasis is a determinant prognostic factor, as underlined in the latest FIGO classification. However, assessment of lymph node status remains difficult, despite the progress of imaging such as PET-CT and MRI.

Identifying high-risk profile in primary antiphospholipid syndrome through cluster analysis: French multicentric cohort study.

Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by thrombosis (arterial, venous or small vessel) or obstetrical events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), according to the Sydney classification criteria. Many studies have performed cluster analyses among patients with primary APS and associated autoimmune disease, but none has focused solely on primary APS. We aimed to perform a cluster analysis among patients with primary APS and asymptomatic aPL carriers without any autoimmune disease, to assess prognostic value.

Deciphering the Metal Speciation in Low-Molecular-Weight Complexes by IMS-MS: Application to the Detection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimics in Cell Lysates.

The detection and quantification of exogenous metal complexes are crucial to understanding their activity in intricate biological media. Mn complexes are difficult to detect and quantify because of low association constants, and high lability. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic (or mimetic) labelled Mn1 is based on a 1,2-di-aminoethane functionalized with imidazole and phenolate and has good intrinsic anti-superoxide, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated intestinal epithelial HT29-MD2 cells, similar to that of its propylated analogue labelled Mn1P.