The splanchnic metabolism of flavonoids highly differed according to the nature of the compound.

The absorption and splanchnic metabolism of different flavonoids (namely quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, eriodictyol, genistein, and catechin) were investigated in rats after an in situ perfusion of jejunum plus ileum (14 nmol/min). Net transfer across the brush border ranged widely according to the perfused compound (from 78% for kaempferol to 35% for catechin). This variation seems linked to the lipophilicity of a given flavonoid rather than to its three-dimensional structure.

Mineral supplementation of white wheat flour is necessary to maintain adequate mineral status and bone characteristics in rats.

This experiment was designed to compare the effect of ingestion of a wheat flours on mineral status and bone characteristics in rats. White flour was tested either without further mineral supplementation or with Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu supplementation. The flour diets were compared to a control purified diet.

Fibrolytic activities and cellulolytic bacterial community structure in the solid and liquid phases of rumen contents.

Four sheep were fed an alfalfa hay diet. Rumen content samples were collected three hours after feeding in order to total microorganism population (TP), solid attached population (SAP) and solid attached firmly population (SAFP). Fibrolytic specific activities (xylanase, CMCase and beta-glycosidases) were estimated by the amount of reducing sugars or p-nitrophenol released from the appropriate substrate.

Wholewheat flour ensures higher mineral absorption and bioavailability than white wheat flour in rats.

Consumption of unrefined whole flour is thought to affect mineral bioavailability because it contains high levels of fibre and phytic acid. The present experiment was designed to study the absorption of minerals from diets based on wholewheat flour and white wheat flour in rats. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on the diets for 3 weeks and absorption and tissue retention of minerals were studied.

Association of genes encoding P fimbriae, CS31A antigen and EAST 1 toxin among CNF1-producing Escherichia coli strains from cattle with septicemia and diarrhea.

Fifty-six CNF1-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle with diarrhea or septicemia were screened by PCR for the detection of pap, sfa, afa, clpG, or f17 adherence factor and EAST 1 toxin genes. All the isolates were pap-positive, in accordance with the close association of pap, CNF1 and alpha-hemolysin genes observed on human and porcine E. coli.

Rapid and specific detection of F17-related pilin and adhesin genes in diarrheic and septicemic Escherichia coli strains by multiplex PCR.

The F17-related adhesins are prevalent in Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves with diarrhea or septicemia and from lambs with nephropathy. The F17 family includes the F17a, F17b, F17c, and F111 fimbriae produced by bovine E. coli strains and the G agglutinin produced by human uropathogenic E.

In vitro H2 utilization by a ruminal acetogenic bacterium cultivated alone or in association with an archaea methanogen is stimulated by a probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The effects of a live strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on hydrogen utilization and acetate and methane production by two hydrogenotrophic ruminal microorganisms, an acetogenic bacterial strain and an archaea methanogen, were investigated. The addition of yeast cells enhanced by more than fivefold the hydrogenotrophic metabolism of the acetogenic strain and its acetate production. In the absence of yeasts, and in a coculture of the acetogen and the methanogen, hydrogen was principally used for methane synthesis, but the presence of live yeast cells stimulated the utilization of hydrogen by the acetogenic strain and enhanced acetogenesis.

[Nutritional use of lentil proteins in the young rat].

The nutritional utilization of the lentil was compared to that of casein, used as the only protein food in young rats at two different ages: weanling and 10 days thereafter. Cooking allowed a better intake and digestive utilization of lentil crude protein by the weanling rats. In this case, methionine showed to be the first limiting factor.

The ClpE protein involved in biogenesis of the CS31A capsule-like antigen is a member of a periplasmic chaperone family in gram-negative bacteria.

The putative chaperone-like protein ClpE, required for biogenesis of the Escherichia coli capsule-like antigen CS31A, was compared with ten known periplasmic chaperones from E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae and Yersinia pestis. The amino acid sequence alignment was superimposed onto the three-dimensional structure of the PapD chaperone of uropathogenic E.

Clonal relationships among bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli producing surface antigen CS31A.

Forty-two Escherichia coli strains producing surface antigen CS31A isolated from bovine infections were characterized with respect to OKH serotypes, outer membrane protein (OMP) electrophoretic patterns, allozymes for esterases A, B, C, I and biotypes. A large majority of the strains could be clustered in a limited number of groups of clonally related strains with diverse O serogroups. CS31A producing Escherichia coli strains thus appear to have a common genetic background and are representative of an important part of bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Role of aerobactin in systemic spread of an opportunistic strain of Escherichia coli from the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic lambs.

To assess the role of the aerobactin-related system in the virulence of bovine opportunistic Escherichia coli, and to determine the stage(s) of the overall infectious process at which it is acting, germfree lambs were mixedly infected orally with two derivative strains of this bacterium differing in their ability (Iut+) or inability (Iut-) to express a functional aerobactin-mediated iron transport system. The Iut- strain was compared with the Iut+ strain for colonization of the gut, translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and spread to other organs and to the body fluids of diassociated lambs. The Iut- mutant was found in smaller numbers in the duodenum, suggesting that aerobactin conferred a significant selective advantage for colonization of this intestinal segment.

Sequence analysis of the clpG gene, which codes for surface antigen CS31A subunit: evidence of an evolutionary relationship between CS31A, K88, and F41 subunit genes.

The clpG gene coding for the CS31A subunit was localized on a 0.9-kb SphI fragment from the recombinant plasmid pAG315. This was established by testing the ability of subclones to hybridize with a 17-meric oligonucleotide probe obtained from N-terminal analysis of the CS31A subunit.

Piromyces rhizinflata nov. sp., a strictly anaerobic fungus from faeces of the Saharian ass: a morphological, metabolic and ultrastructural study.

A new species of strictly anaerobic chytridiomycete was isolated from dried faeces of the Saharian ass that had been stored for up to 150 days. Because of its monocentric thallus and uniflagellate zoospores it belongs to the genus Piromyces. It exhibits a high affinity for P.

Clonal relationships among Escherichia coli serogroup 06 isolates from human and animal infections.

The clonal relationship of thirty E. coli strains of 0 antigen serotype 06 isolated from human, dog, pig or cow infections were investigated. Two main clones with serotypes 06 : H1 or 06 : H31, H- were identified.

Factors and markers of virulence in Escherichia coli from human septicemia.

One hundred Escherichia coli isolates from human septicemia were characterized with respect to O serogroups 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, 75 and 78, alpha-hemolysin, carboxylesterase B typing, cytotoxic necrotizing factor, F165 and CS31A fimbrial antigens, aerobactin production, colicins, and antibiotic sensitivity. A factorial analysis of correspondence and chi 2 tests indicated that most of E. coli isolates belonging to the studied O serogroups were positive for the virulence factors or markers alpha-haemolysin, carboxylesterase B2 type, cytotoxic necrotizing factor, F165 fimbrial antigen and were antibiotic-sensitive (Group I).

Prevalence of CS31A and F165 surface antigens in Escherichia coli isolates from animals in France, Canada and India.

Bovine and porcine enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from France, Canada, and India were characterized with respect to serogroup and production of fimbrial antigens CS31A and F165. Of 231 bovine isolates from the 3 countries, 20.5% produced CS31A alone, 17.

CS31A, a new K88-related fimbrial antigen on bovine enterotoxigenic and septicemic Escherichia coli strains.

The nature of the common surface antigen of six hemagglutinating and adhesive piliated Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic or septicemic calves was studied. By electron microscopy studies, the E. coli surface antigen designated CS31A was found on bacterial cells and in purified form to consist of thin (2-nm) "fibrillar" fimbriae.