Psychiatric phenotype in neurodevelopmental myoclonus-dystonia is underpinned by abnormality of cerebellar modulation on the cerebral cortex.

Psychiatric symptoms are common in neurodevelopmental movement disorders, including some types of dystonia. However, research has mainly focused on motor manifestations and underlying circuits. Myoclonus-dystonia is a rare and homogeneous neurodevelopmental condition serving as an illustrative paradigm of childhood-onset dystonias, associated with psychiatric symptoms.

Sustained reduction of essential tremor with low-power non-thermal transcranial focused ultrasound stimulations in humans.

Background: Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique; when skull aberrations are compensated for, this technique allows, with millimetric accuracy, circumvention of the invasive surgical procedure associated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and the limited spatial specificity of transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Objective: /hypothesis: We hypothesize that MR-guided low-power TUS can induce a sustained decrease of tremor power in patients suffering from medically refractive essential tremor.

Methods: The dominant hand only was targeted, and two anatomical sites were sonicated in this exploratory study: the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) and the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT).

Combined in vivo MRI assessment of locus coeruleus and nucleus basalis of Meynert integrity in amnestic Alzheimer's disease, suspected-LATE and frontotemporal dementia.

Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are altered in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known about LC and NBM alteration in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The aim of the present study is to investigate in vivo LC and NBM integrity in patients with suspected-LATE, early-amnestic AD and FTD in comparison with controls.

A new open, high-resolution, multishell, diffusion-weighted imaging dataset of the living squirrel monkey.

Although very well adapted to brain study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains limited by the facilities and capabilities required to acquire data, especially for non-human primates. Addressing the data gaps resulting from these limitations requires making data more accessible and open. In contempt of the regular use of Saimiri sciureus in neuroscience research, in vivo diffusion has yet to be openly available for this species.

Exceptionally rare IDH1-mutant adult medulloblastoma with concurrent GNAS mutation revealed by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and deep sequencing.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor occurring in childhood and rarely found in adults. Based on transcriptome profile, MB are currently classified into four major molecular groups reflecting a considerable biological heterogeneity: WNT-activated, SHH-activated, group 3 and group 4. Recently, DNA methylation profiling allowed the identification of additional subgroups within the four major molecular groups associated with different clinic-pathological and molecular features.

Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency.

Purpose: Wireless communication has become an integral part of our lives. The growing number of antennas in our environment and the expanding use of mobile phones (MPs) are increasing the population's exposure to electromagnetic fields. The present study aimed to examine the potential impact of MPs radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on the brainwaves of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans.

Comparison of mean diffusivity, R2* relaxation rate and morphometric biomarkers for the clinical differentiation of parkinsonism.

Introduction: Quantitative biomarkers for clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes are still lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the value of combining clinically feasible manual measurements of R2* relaxation rates and mean diffusivity (MD) in subcortical regions and brainstem morphometric measurements to improve the discrimination of parkinsonian syndromes.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy controls (HC), 25 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 19 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 27 with multiple system atrophy (MSA, 21 with the parkinsonian variant -MSAp, 6 with the cerebellar variant -MSAc) were recruited.

Neural modulations in the auditory cortex during internal and external attention tasks: A single-patient intracranial recording study.

Brain sensory processing is not passive, but is rather modulated by our internal state. Different research methods such as non-invasive imaging methods and intracranial recording of the local field potential (LFP) have been used to study to what extent sensory processing and the auditory cortex in particular are modulated by selective attention. However, at the level of the single- or multi-units the selective attention in humans has not been tested.

In Vivo 2-Hydroxyglutarate Monitoring With Edited MR Spectroscopy for the Follow-up of -Mutant Diffuse Gliomas: The Prospective Study.

Background And Objectives: D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) characterizes -mutant gliomas and can be detected and quantified with edited MRS (MEGA-PRESS). In this study, we investigated the clinical, radiologic, and molecular parameters affecting 2HG levels.

Methods: MEGA-PRESS data were acquired in 71 patients with glioma (24 untreated, 47 treated) on a 3 T system.

Face-selective multi-unit activity in the proximity of the FFA modulated by facial expression stimuli.

When we see someone's face, our brain usually effortlessly extracts a variety of information such as facial identity, expression, or gaze direction. While it is widely accepted that dedicated subsystems are responsible for different aspects of face processing, how these subsystems work together is not yet fully understood. To this extent, one of the most explored questions is whether and if so, to what extent facial expression processing interacts with other stages of facial processing.

Regional Selectivity of Neuromelanin Changes in the Substantia Nigra in Atypical Parkinsonism.

Background: Neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in parkinsonian syndromes may affect the nigral territories differently.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the regional selectivity of neurodegenerative changes in the SNc in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: A total of 22 healthy controls (HC), 38 patients with PD, 22 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 20 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA, 13 with the parkinsonian variant, 7 with the cerebellar variant), 7 patients with dementia with Lewy body (DLB), and 4 patients with corticobasal syndrome were analyzed.

Voice characteristics from isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder to early Parkinson's disease.

Background: Speech disorders are amongst the first symptoms to appear in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives: We aimed to characterize PD voice signature from the prodromal stage (isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, iRBD) to early PD using an automated acoustic analysis and compare male and female patients. We carried out supervised learning classifications to automatically detect patients using voice only.

Pragmatic Approach on Neuroimaging Techniques for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonisms.

Background: Rapid advances in neuroimaging technologies in the exploration of the living human brain also apply to movement disorders. However, the accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) still remains a challenge in daily practice.

Methods: We review the literature and our own experience as the Movement Disorder Society-Neuroimaging Study Group in Movement Disorders with the aim of providing a practical approach to the use of imaging technologies in the clinical setting.

Modulation of magnetoencephalography alpha band activity by radiofrequency electromagnetic field depicted in sensor and source space.

Several studies reported changes in spontaneous electroencephalogram alpha band activity related to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, but findings showed both an increase and a decrease of its spectral power or no effect. Here, we studied the alpha band modulation after 900 MHz mobile phone radiofrequency exposure and localized cortical regions involved in these changes, via a magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol with healthy volunteers in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. MEG was recorded during eyes open and eyes closed resting-state before and after radiofrequency exposure.

Identification of a Brain Network Underlying the Execution of Freely Chosen Movements.

Action selection refers to the decision regarding which action to perform in order to reach a desired goal, that is, the "what" component of intention. Whether the action is freely chosen or externally instructed involves different brain networks during the selection phase, but it is assumed that the way an action is selected should not influence the subsequent execution phase of the same movement. Here, we aim to test this hypothesis by investigating whether the modality of movement selection influences the brain networks involved during the execution phase of the movement.

Evaluation of movement and brain activity.

Clinical neurophysiology studies can contribute important information about the physiology of human movement and the pathophysiology and diagnosis of different movement disorders. Some techniques can be accomplished in a routine clinical neurophysiology laboratory and others require some special equipment. This review, initiating a series of articles on this topic, focuses on the methods and techniques.