Evaluation of In Vitro Inhibition of -Hematin Formation: A Step Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of the Mechanism of Action of New Arylamino Alcohols.

Currently, artemisinin-based combination therapy is recommended as first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Arylamino alcohols (AAAs) such as mefloquine (MQ) are the preferred partner drugs due to their longer half-life, reliable absorption and strong antimalarial activity. However, the mode of action of MQ remains poorly understood and its neurotoxicity limits its use.

[Emergence of antifungal resistance: A creeping environmental threat?].

Antifungal resistance in humans is a clinical reality of increasing incidence that raises problems for patient care. In this current event, we discuss the link that can be made between the presence of antifungals in the environment and the development of resistance in humans, as well as the ecotoxicology of antifungals. The presence of antifungals in the environment has a health, but also an ecological impact.

Transcriptional Induction of and Fibrinolysis Inhibition as Predominant Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Cancer Coagulome.

Background/aim: How tumors regulate the genes of the coagulome is crucial for cancer-associated thrombosis and the occurrence of venous thromboembolic complications in patients with cancer. We have previously reported potent yet complex effects of glucocorticoids (GC) on the expression of three genes that play a key role in the regulation of thrombin/plasmin activation (F3, PLAU, and SERPINE1). This study aimed to extend the investigation of GC effects to the whole tumor coagulome and assess the resulting impact on the ability of cancer cells to activate thrombin and plasmin.

Performance evaluation of the Access HBsAg and Access HBsAg confirmatory assays on the DxI 9000 Access Immunoassay Analyzer.

Introduction: This study evaluated the clinical and analytical performances of the Access HBsAg and the Access HBsAg Confirmatory assays on the DxI 9000 Access Immunoassay Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.).

Materials And Methods: Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the Access HBsAg and Access HBsAg Confirmatory assays were evaluated by comparing the Access assays to the final HBsAg sample status determined using the Architect, PRISM, or Elecsys HBsAg assays, along with Architect or PRISM HBsAg Confirmatory assays.

Pulmonary co-infections by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Herpesviridae: a seven-year retrospective study.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungus responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in deeply immunocompromised patients and for pulmonary colonization in individuals with mild immunosuppression or impaired respiratory function. PCP and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infections have been widely described whereas those involving other Herpesviruses (HVs) such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and  -2), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) remain scarce.

Contemporary Minimally Invasive Surgery for TASC-D Aorto-Iliac Lesions: Analysis of Outcomes and Risk Factors for Primary and Secondary Patency.

Background: For complex extensive TASC-II D lesions, the standard of care remains conventional surgery. Nevertheless, guidelines tend to broaden endovascular surgery indications in expert centers for patients at high surgical risk with TASC-II D lesions. Due to the increasing use of endovascular surgery in this setting, we planned to evaluate the patency rate of this approach.

The coagulome of oral squamous cell carcinoma: examining the role and regulation of coagulation in oral cancers using a systems approach.

Purpose Of Review: Solid tumors often establish a locally hypercoagulant state that promotes vascular complications, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with a broad range of hemostatic complications. Although VTE rarely occurs in ambulatory patients with OSCC, the coagulation cascade is typically activated by surgical resection and local hemorrhage.

The Tumor Coagulome as a Transcriptional Target and a Potential Effector of Glucocorticoids in Human Cancers.

Background: The coagulome, defined as the repertoire of genes that locally regulate coagulation and fibrinolysis, is a key determinant of vascular thromboembolic complications of cancer. In addition to vascular complications, the coagulome may also regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Glucocorticoids are key hormones that mediate cellular responses to various stresses and exert anti-inflammatory effects.

[Toward precision surgery for Head and Neck tumors].

Surgical resection is the most frequent curative treatment proposed to patients with head and neck cancers. It is currently integrated into specific therapeutic schemes and therapeutic stratification, but the surgical procedure itself as well as its evaluation do not rely on tumor biology. Here, we present a number of recent studies, mostly based on system analyses and genomics, that show how tumor analyses could help to: i) define the indications and the extent of surgical resections; ii) personalize the perioperative management; iii) facilitate the detection of post-surgical tumor recurrence.

Molecular detection of isoniazid monoresistance improves tuberculosis treatment: A retrospective cohort in France.

Objectives: Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (HR-TB) requires early diagnosis and adapted treatment to achieve optimal outcomes. The primary aim of the study was to assess the impact of the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests on HR-TB treatment in France.

Methods: We designed a retrospective multicentre study including consecutive HR-TB patients diagnosed in 2016 and 2017.

Therapeutic Perspectives for the Perioperative Period in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).

The perioperative period is the relatively short window of time, usually measured in days or weeks, around the surgical procedure. Despite its short duration, this time period is of great importance for cancer patients. From a biological point of view, the perioperative period is complex.

Coagulome and the tumor microenvironment: an actionable interplay.

Human tumors often trigger a hypercoagulable state that promotes hemostatic complications, including venous thromboembolism. The recent application of systems biology to the study of the coagulome highlighted its link to shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), both within and outside of the vascular space. Addressing this link provides the opportunity to revisit the significance of biomarkers of hemostasis and assess the communication between vasculature and tumor parenchyma, an important topic considering the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular normalization strategies.

DNA damage response- and JAK-dependent regulation of PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Objectives: The immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (CD274) is a crucial regulator of the tumor immune response. Its expression has been reported in the therapeutic context in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), but it remains unclear how therapeutically approved molecules regulate PD-L1 expression in HNSCC cells.

Materials And Methods: Three HNSCC cell lines (BICR6, PE/CA-PJ34 and PE/CA-PJ41) were used to analyze PD-L1 expression by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and QPCR.