Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy after rapid improvement of blood glucose control in patients with diabetes.

Aim: To review the frequency, importance of and risk factors for "early worsening of diabetic retinopathy" (EWDR) after rapid improvement of blood glucose in patients with diabetes.

Methods: This was a systematic review of key references (PubMed 1980-2016) and the current international recommendations for the above-mentioned topics.

Results: EWDR has been described during intensive treatment (IT) in patients with uncontrolled type 1 or 2 diabetes, and after pancreas transplantation or bariatric surgery.

[A series of 20 cases of endogenous endophthalmitis].

Background: The purpose of this case series was to evaluate both the visual and systemic prognosis of patients with endogenous endophthalmitis.

Material And Methods: We reported a series of 20 cases of endogenous endophthalmitis occurring between 2012 and 2015 at the university medical center in Toulouse.

Results: The mean age was 67 (±43.

[Patients' quality of life after cataract surgery].

Introduction: Our goal is to assess the Quality of Life (QL) of our patients after cataract surgery.

Materials And Methods: We performed a multicenter prospective study from July 2012 to December 2013 including patients undergoing cataract surgery, aged 18 and older. A survey sheet with sociodemographic data, clinical data and QL survey (VF-14) was given to each patient after surgery at day 7 (D7), one month (M1) and two months (M2) postoperatively.

[Age-related macular degeneration diagnosis].

Age-related macular degeneration diagnosis. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degeneration of the central area of the retina that allows detailed vision. This area called the macula is responsible for the discrimination of high spatial frequencies (reading), color vision and central visual field.

Optic Radiations Microstructural Changes in Glaucoma and Association With Severity: A Study Using 3Tesla-Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Purpose: To compare microstructural changes along the optical radiations and brain structure volumes between glaucoma and control subjects using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and to analyze their association with severity of the disease.

Methods: A total of 50 open-angle glaucoma subjects and 50 healthy age- and sex-matched controls underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations (including visual field testing [VF], funduscopy, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography) as well as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

[Unilateral maculopathy in a young male patient: A photic laser injury].

We report the case of a twenty-year-old man with a unilateral maculopathy responsible for an acute visual acuity loss and a sudden absolute central scotoma. His schizoid personality made the medical history fruitless. The patient's best corrected visual acuity was 20/60.

LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AND INCIDENCE OF RECURRENCE OF NEOVASCULARIZATION IN TREATED EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To assess the long-term visual outcome and incidence of recurrence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NAMD) treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (IVAI).

Methods: One hundred and thirty-two consecutive eyes treated with IVAI for NAMD based on an as-needed regimen with a follow-up ≥5 years (mean 7.55, range 5-9.

[Vitreous hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in an eight-year-old child].

Purpose: To report vitreous hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Methods: Case report.

Results: An 8-year-old child presented with vitreous hemorrhage leading to the discovery of large neovascularization.

Posterior segment involvement in cat-scratch disease: A case series.

Introduction: Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic infectious disease. The most well-known posterior segment presentation is neuroretinitis with a macular star. In this study, we present a case series emphasising the heterogeneity of the disease and the various posterior segment manifestations.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a standardised intracameral combination of mydriatics and anaesthetics for cataract surgery.

Background/aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of intracameral (IC) administration at the beginning of cataract surgery, of Mydrane, a standardised ophthalmic combination of tropicamide 0.02%, phenylephrine 0.31% and lidocaine 1%, to a standard topical regimen.

[Management of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion].

Background: In recent years, intravitreal injections have added to the treatment modalities available for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). This article aims to provide an update regarding the management of ME secondary to RVO.

Methods: A work group met in order to analyze the literature available on Embase/PubMed, regarding treatments for venous occlusion that have received market approval and are reimbursed in France.

Effectiveness and safety of dexamethasone implants for post-surgical macular oedema including Irvine-Gass syndrome: the EPISODIC study.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implants for treating post-surgical macular oedema, including Irvine-Gass syndrome refractory to first-line treatments.

Methods: Descriptive, observational, retrospective, consecutive, uncontrolled, multicentre, national case series. 50 patients were included in the study between March 2011 and June 2013 with a minimum 6 months follow-up.

A genetic anomaly of oriented collagen biosynthesis and cross-linking: Keratoconus.

Oriented collagen biosynthesis is one of the major mechanisms involved in tissue and organ formation during development. Corneal biogenesis is one example. Defects in this process lead to anomalies in tissue structure and function.

[Objective refraction in black children: cyclopentolate and tropicamide combination, a reliable alternative to atropine?].

Introduction: Cycloplegia allows for an objective refraction in children. Atropine is the gold standard but causes prolonged blurred vision. Cyclopentolate is less effective but less disabling.

[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: prophylactic treatment].

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complex process. It causes contractile fibrocellular membranes that may prevent retinal reattachment. PVR therefore remains one of the most severe complications of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD), with an incidence of 5-11%, and is among the most frequent causes of surgical failure (50-75%).

[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: curative treatment].

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which causes contractile fibrocellular membranes that may prevent retinal reattachment, remains one of the most severe complications of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD), with an incidence of 5-11%, and one of the most frequent causes of surgical failure (50-75%). Its severity is due to the complexity of the surgery required to treat patients, and to its uncertain anatomic and functional prognosis. Curative treatment of PVR includes vitrectomy, sometimes associated with phacoemulsification or scleral buckling; systematic peeling of epiretinal membranes, occasionally retinectomy; and systematic retinopexy by endolaser photocoagulation.

[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis].

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains one of the most common causes of failed retinal detachment (RD) surgery. Many histological and clinical studies have highlighted the chain of events leading to PVR: cellular migration into the vitreous cavity, cellular differentiation, myofibroblast proliferation and activation, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, then contraction of preretinal tissues. The development of PVR can be explained schematically by cellular exposure to growth factors and cytokines (particularly retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells), in the context of break-down of the blood-retinal barrier (inflammation, choroidal detachment, iatrogenic effect of cryotherapy and surgery) and of cellular contact with the vitreous.

Treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration with a designed ankyrin repeat protein that binds vascular endothelial growth factor: a phase I/II study.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and bioactivity of ascending doses of MP0112, a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) that binds with high affinity to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), in treatment-naive patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation study.

Methods: Patients were to receive a single intravitreal injection of MP0112 at doses ranging from 0.

Comparison of exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes in Japanese and French Patients: multicenter diagnosis with multimodal imaging.

Purpose: To compare and analyze differences and similarities between Japanese and French patients in subtype diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as determined by fundus photography (FP) and fluorescein angiography (FA), and a multimodal imaging involving FP, FA, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: We determined the subtype diagnosis for 99 consecutive Japanese eyes and 94 consecutive French eyes with exudative AMD.

[Cosmetic eyelid surgery].

Cosmetic eyelid surgery is becoming increasingly popular. It can rejuvenate the patient's appearance with relatively minor side effects. Its risk/benefit ratio is one of the best in facial cosmetic surgery.